Hyperpituitirisum causes hyperglycemia why
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growth hormone excess hyperglycemia mechanism insulin resistance
In hyperpituitarism, excess growth hormone (GH) causes hyperglycemia because GH has an anti-insulin (diabetogenic) effect.
- It reduces glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, so less glucose is removed from blood.
- It increases lipolysis, raising free fatty acids. These further impair insulin action, called insulin resistance.
- It promotes hepatic glucose production by increasing gluconeogenesis.
Initially, the pancreas compensates by secreting more insulin. With sustained GH excess, such as in acromegaly, insulin resistance can become severe enough to cause impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus.
So, in one line: Excess GH antagonizes insulin, causing insulin resistance and increased liver glucose output, leading to hyperglycemia. This is consistent with Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology and the review of GH and insulin resistance.
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