ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null && mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/micr…

~/micronutrients-notes/generate_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/micronutrients-notes/Micronutrients_Notes.pdf"

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=2*cm, rightMargin=2*cm,
    topMargin=2.2*cm, bottomMargin=2.2*cm,
)

W, H = A4

# ── Colours ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DARK_TEAL   = colors.HexColor("#005F6B")
MED_TEAL    = colors.HexColor("#008891")
LIGHT_TEAL  = colors.HexColor("#E0F4F4")
ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#E07B39")
LIGHT_ORANGE= colors.HexColor("#FFF3EC")
YELLOW_HL   = colors.HexColor("#FFF9C4")
DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#2D2D2D")
MID_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#555555")
LIGHT_GREY  = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
RED_SOFT    = colors.HexColor("#C0392B")
GREEN_SOFT  = colors.HexColor("#1A7A4A")
PURPLE      = colors.HexColor("#5B2C8D")
LIGHT_PURPLE= colors.HexColor("#F0E8FA")
TABLE_HEADER= colors.HexColor("#2C3E50")

# ── Styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ss = getSampleStyleSheet()

def style(name, parent="Normal", **kw):
    s = ParagraphStyle(name, parent=ss[parent], **kw)
    return s

TITLE_STYLE = style("Title2", fontSize=22, textColor=colors.white,
                    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
                    spaceAfter=4, leading=26)
SUBTITLE_STYLE = style("Subtitle2", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.white,
                       fontName="Helvetica", alignment=TA_CENTER,
                       spaceAfter=2)

H1 = style("H1", fontSize=15, textColor=colors.white,
           fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=4,
           leading=18, leftIndent=0)
H2 = style("H2", fontSize=12, textColor=DARK_TEAL,
           fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=3,
           leading=15)
H3 = style("H3", fontSize=10.5, textColor=ORANGE,
           fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=2,
           leading=13)
BODY = style("Body2", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
             fontName="Helvetica", spaceAfter=3, leading=14,
             alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
BULLET = style("Bullet2", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
               fontName="Helvetica", spaceAfter=2, leading=13,
               leftIndent=14, firstLineIndent=-10)
SMALL = style("Small2", fontSize=8.5, textColor=MID_GREY,
              fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", spaceAfter=2, leading=12)
IMPORTANT = style("Important", fontSize=9.5, textColor=RED_SOFT,
                  fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceAfter=2, leading=13)
NOTE = style("Note", fontSize=9, textColor=GREEN_SOFT,
             fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", spaceAfter=2,
             leading=12, leftIndent=8)
CELL_HDR = style("CellHdr", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white,
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
                 leading=12)
CELL_BODY= style("CellBody", fontSize=9, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                 fontName="Helvetica", alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=12)
CELL_BODY_C=style("CellBodyC", fontSize=9, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                  fontName="Helvetica", alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12)
MEMORY = style("Memory", fontSize=9, textColor=PURPLE,
               fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", spaceAfter=2,
               leading=12, leftIndent=8)

story = []

# ── Helper builders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def title_block(title, subtitle=""):
    """Big coloured title banner."""
    data = [[Paragraph(title, TITLE_STYLE)]]
    if subtitle:
        data.append([Paragraph(subtitle, SUBTITLE_STYLE)])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[doc.width])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), DARK_TEAL),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [6]),
    ]))
    return t

def section_header(text, color=DARK_TEAL):
    """Coloured section banner."""
    data = [[Paragraph(text, H1)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[doc.width])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), color),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 10),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [4]),
    ]))
    return t

def highlight_box(text, bg=LIGHT_TEAL, border=MED_TEAL, style=BODY):
    data = [[Paragraph(text, style)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[doc.width])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0),(-1,-1), bg),
        ("BOX", (0,0),(-1,-1), 1, border),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 10),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS",[4]),
    ]))
    return t

def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths=None, zebra=True):
    if col_widths is None:
        n = len(headers)
        col_widths = [doc.width / n] * n
    header_row = [Paragraph(h, CELL_HDR) for h in headers]
    data = [header_row]
    for r in rows:
        data.append([Paragraph(str(c), CELL_BODY) for c in r])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    style_cmds = [
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), TABLE_HEADER),
        ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"TOP"),
    ]
    if zebra:
        for i in range(1, len(data)):
            if i % 2 == 0:
                style_cmds.append(("BACKGROUND",(0,i),(-1,i), LIGHT_GREY))
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style_cmds))
    return t

def b(text): return f"<b>{text}</b>"
def i(text): return f"<i>{text}</i>"
def bi(text): return f"<b><i>{text}</i></b>"
def red(text): return f'<font color="#C0392B"><b>{text}</b></font>'
def green(text): return f'<font color="#1A7A4A"><b>{text}</b></font>'
def teal(text): return f'<font color="#008891"><b>{text}</b></font>'
def orange(text): return f'<font color="#E07B39"><b>{text}</b></font>'
def purple(text): return f'<font color="#5B2C8D"><b>{text}</b></font>'

def bullet(text): return Paragraph(f"• {text}", BULLET)
def sub_bullet(text): return Paragraph(f"    ◦ {text}", BULLET)
def body(text): return Paragraph(text, BODY)
def sp(h=4): return Spacer(1, h)
def hr(): return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5,
                             color=colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC"),
                             spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=4)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COVER
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(Spacer(1, 2*cm))
story.append(title_block(
    "MICRONUTRIENTS IN HEALTH & DISEASE",
    "Essential Pediatrics — Chapter 8 | Study Notes"
))
story.append(sp(12))

toc_items = [
    "1.  Vitamin A Deficiency & Xerophthalmia",
    "2.  Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency",
    "3.  Vitamin K — Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn",
    "4.  Trace Elements (Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine, Selenium)",
]
for item in toc_items:
    story.append(Paragraph(item, style("TOC", fontSize=11,
        textColor=DARK_TEAL, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
        spaceBefore=6, leading=16)))
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 1 — VITAMIN A
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("1.  VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY & XEROPHTHALMIA", DARK_TEAL))
story.append(sp(6))

story.append(Paragraph(H2.fontName and "Basic Facts", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Chemical name:')} Retinol | {b('Type:')} Fat-soluble vitamin"))
story.append(bullet(f"Absorbed in intestine as part of {b('chylomicrons')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"Derived from {b('carotenoids')} (provitamin A) in plants → converted to retinol → stored as {b('retinol palmitate')} in liver"))
story.append(bullet(f"Active forms: {red('Retinal')} + {red('Retinoic acid')}"))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Physiological Functions", H2))

story.append(Paragraph("Night Vision", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"Retinol → {b('retinal')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"In eye: {b('11-cis-retinal')} binds opsins → {b('rhodopsin')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"Light: 11-cis-retinal isomerizes to {b('all-trans-retinal')} → dissociates from opsins ({i('bleaching')}) → signal via optic nerve"))
story.append(bullet(f"all-trans-retinal recycled back to 11-cis-retinal via enzymatic reactions"))
story.append(bullet(red("Deficiency → inhibits rhodopsin reformation → NIGHT BLINDNESS")))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Growth", H3))
story.append(bullet("Retinal + retinoic acid → bind intracellular receptors → regulate gene expression → proteins for growth and cell differentiation"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Maintenance of Epithelial Tissue", H3))
story.append(bullet("Required for glycoprotein and mucus production + down-regulation of keratin synthesis"))
story.append(bullet("Deficiency → drying of epithelial surfaces + excessive keratin formation → corneal integrity break → infections"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Sources", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Type", "Foods"],
    [
        ["Plant (provitamin A)", "Carrots, dark-green leafy vegetables, squash, oranges, tomatoes; β-carotene is the major carotenoid"],
        ["Animal (preformed retinol)", "Liver, shark/cod liver oil, egg yolk, whole milk, butter"],
        ["Fortified foods", "Processed foods, infant formulas"],
    ],
    col_widths=[5.5*cm, doc.width-5.5*cm]
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Recommended Daily Allowance", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Age Group", "RDA"],
    [
        ["Infants", "300–400 µg"],
        ["Children", "400–600 µg"],
        ["Adolescents", "750 µg"],
        ["Pregnant women", "800 µg"],
    ],
    col_widths=[8*cm, doc.width-8*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"Conversions: 1 µg retinol equivalent (RE) = {b('3.3 IU')} | 30 mg retinol = {b('100,000 IU')} vitamin A",
    bg=LIGHT_TEAL, border=MED_TEAL
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Clinical Features of Deficiency", H2))
story.append(Paragraph("Mild Deficiency", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Follicular hyperkeratosis')} — rough skin with raised hyperkeratotic patches (toad skin)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Defective dark adaptation')} → {red('Night blindness')} (characteristic early feature)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Xerophthalmia')} — dry ocular epithelium"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Bitot spots')} — foam-like silvery lesions on temporal bulbar conjunctiva (keratinization + mucus/bacteria/debris)"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Severe Deficiency", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"Corneal xerosis → corneal opacity → ulceration → {red('Keratomalacia')} (irreversible)"))
story.append(bullet("Bilateral corneal opacification + corneal perforation"))
story.append(bullet(red("Leading cause of blindness in preschool children in developing countries")))
story.append(bullet("Loss of mucosal integrity (respiratory + GI) → impaired immunity → severe infections, especially measles (↑ mortality)"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("WHO Classification of Xerophthalmia (Table 8.1)", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Primary Signs", "Secondary Signs"],
    [
        ["X1A — Conjunctival xerosis", "XN — Night blindness"],
        ["X1B — Bitot's spots", "XF — Fundal changes"],
        ["X2 — Corneal xerosis", "XS — Corneal scarring"],
        ["X3A — Corneal ulceration (<1/3 cornea)", ""],
        ["X3B — Corneal ulceration (>1/3 cornea)", ""],
    ],
    col_widths=[doc.width/2, doc.width/2]
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("High-Risk Groups & Diagnosis", H2))
story.append(bullet("Malnourished children; fat malabsorption (celiac disease, liver disease)"))
story.append(bullet(f"Serum retinol: {red('≤15 µg/dL')} (normal: 20–80 µg/dL) — {i('not essential for diagnosis')}"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Treatment", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Age", "Oral Dose", "Schedule"],
    [
        ["< 6 months", "50,000 IU", "Day 1, Day 2, Week 4"],
        ["6–12 months", "100,000 IU", "Day 1, Day 2, Week 4"],
        ["> 1 year", "200,000 IU", "Day 1, Day 2, Week 4"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.5*cm, 5*cm, doc.width-9.5*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(bullet("Persistent vomiting/malabsorption → parenteral (half oral dose for >6–12 months; 75% for <6 months)"))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"{red('EMERGENCY:')} Corneal clouding → parenteral 50,000–100,000 IU (15–30 mg retinol) immediately",
    bg=colors.HexColor("#FDECEA"), border=RED_SOFT, style=BODY
))
story.append(bullet("Keratomalacia: local antibiotic drops + ointment + eye padding"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Prevention (India)", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Public health problem: Bitot spots in preschool ≥0.5%; xerophthalmia 5–20% in school-going children"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('National Prophylaxis Program against Nutritional Blindness')} (1970) — expanded to 6–59 months"))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Age / Event", "Dose"],
    [
        ["9 months (with measles vaccine)", "100,000 IU"],
        ["15–18 months (with DPT booster)", "200,000 IU"],
        ["Every 6 months till age 5 years", "200,000 IU"],
        ["Measles / severe malnutrition (<1 yr)", "100,000 IU"],
        ["Measles / severe malnutrition (≥1 yr)", "200,000 IU"],
    ],
    col_widths=[doc.width*0.6, doc.width*0.4]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(highlight_box(
    green("Vitamin A supplementation significantly decreases mortality in children with measles"),
    bg=colors.HexColor("#E8F8EF"), border=GREEN_SOFT
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Carotenemia", H2))
story.append(bullet("Excess carotene intake (carrots) → deposition in keratin and subcutaneous fat"))
story.append(bullet(f"Yellow skin (face, palms, soles) — {red('sclerae NOT involved')} (differentiates from jaundice)"))
story.append(bullet("Resolves within 2–6 weeks of stopping intake"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Hypervitaminosis A & Teratogenicity", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Occurs with {b('>50,000 IU/day')} for several weeks (fish liver oil, therapeutic preps, topical retinol for acne)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Acute:')} Pseudotumor cerebri — vomiting, irritability, bulging fontanel, diplopia, headache"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Chronic:')} Anorexia, dry skin, alopecia, painful joints, hepatosplenomegaly"))
story.append(bullet(f"{red('Teratogenic')} in high doses in early gestation"))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"WHO pregnancy limit: ≤{b('10,000 IU/day')} (3000 µg RE) OR weekly {b('25,000 IU')} (7500 µg RE)",
    bg=LIGHT_ORANGE, border=ORANGE
))
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 2 — VITAMIN B12
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("2.  VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMIN) DEFICIENCY", colors.HexColor("#8E44AD")))
story.append(sp(6))

story.append(Paragraph("Physiological Roles", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Role", "Mechanism", "Effect of Deficiency"],
    [
        ["Methionine synthesis",
         "Homocysteine + folate → Methionine + 5-methylTHF (folate regeneration)",
         "Folate trapped; ↓ DNA/RNA synthesis → megaloblastic anemia"],
        ["Succinyl CoA synthesis",
         "Methylmalonyl CoA → Succinyl CoA",
         "↑ Methylmalonyl CoA → fatty acid synthesis defect + myelin sheath degeneration"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.5*cm, 8*cm, doc.width-11.5*cm]
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Requirements", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Group", "Daily Requirement"],
    [
        ["Infants", "0.3 µg/day"],
        ["Older children", "0.5 µg/day"],
        ["Adolescents", "2.0 µg/day"],
    ],
    col_widths=[8*cm, doc.width-8*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(bullet(f"Large body pool in liver; {b('long half-life')} — sufficient for several years"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Sources", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Animal sources only:')} meat, milk, eggs, fish, liver, heart, muscle"))
story.append(bullet("Intestinal bacteria of certain species produce B12 in their gut — humans must depend on animal sources"))
story.append(highlight_box(
    red("Strict vegans and exclusively breastfed infants of vegan mothers are at high risk of B12 deficiency"),
    bg=colors.HexColor("#FDECEA"), border=RED_SOFT
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Absorption", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"B12 binds {b('Intrinsic Factor (IF)')} — glycoprotein from gastric parietal cells"))
story.append(bullet(f"Absorbed by receptor-mediated process in {b('ileum')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"Absence of IF → {red('Pernicious anemia')}"))
story.append(bullet("Passive diffusion absorbs small fraction (useful with mega-doses in malabsorption)"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Clinical Features of Deficiency", H2))
story.append(Paragraph("Hematological", H3))
story.append(bullet("Megaloblastic anemia"))
story.append(bullet(f"Peripheral smear: {b('hypersegmented neutrophils')} (≥5 lobes in ≥5% neutrophils, or ≥6 lobes in a single neutrophil)"))
story.append(bullet("Immature macrocytes (MCV >100 fL), thrombocytopenia"))
story.append(bullet("↑ Plasma homocysteine + methylmalonic acid"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Neurological", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"Delayed neurodevelopment, seizures, fine tremor, movement disorder → {red('Infantile Tremor Syndrome')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Subacute combined degeneration:')} demyelination of posterior + lateral columns of spinal cord + peripheral nerves"))
story.append(bullet("Exclusively breastfed infants of deficient mothers at high risk"))
story.append(bullet("Hyperpigmentation of knuckles and nail beds (Fig. 8.9b)"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Diagnosis", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Serum cobalamin {red('<200 pg/mL')}"))
story.append(bullet("↑ Plasma homocysteine + methylmalonic acid"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Treatment", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Route", "Regimen"],
    [
        ["IM (cyanocobalamin / hydroxycobalamin)",
         "1000 µg/day × 2 weeks → weekly × 2–3 weeks → monthly"],
        ["Oral (if malabsorption)", "500–1000 µg/day"],
        ["Intrinsic factor defect", "Lifelong parenteral therapy"],
    ],
    col_widths=[6*cm, doc.width-6*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(bullet("Reticulocytosis in 2–4 days; Hb returns to normal in 4–6 weeks"))
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 3 — VITAMIN K / HDN
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("3.  VITAMIN K — HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN (HDN)", ORANGE))
story.append(sp(6))

story.append(Paragraph("Basic Facts", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Form", "Source"],
    [
        ["K1 — Phylloquinone", "Derived from plants"],
        ["K2 — Menaquinone", "Synthesized by intestinal bacteria"],
    ],
    col_widths=[6*cm, doc.width-6*cm]
))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Nutritional Requirements", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Group", "RDA"],
    [
        ["Newborns / Infants", "3–5 µg/day"],
        ["> 2 years", "10 µg/day"],
        ["Older children", "10–30 µg/day"],
        ["Adult women", "90 µg/day"],
        ["Adult men", "120 µg/day"],
    ],
    col_widths=[8*cm, doc.width-8*cm]
))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Absorption & Metabolism", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Fat-soluble → requires {b('bile and pancreatic juice')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"Absorbed in {b('jejunum')} → chylomicrons → lymph → circulation"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Liver')} = primary site of storage and action"))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Physiological Function", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Cofactor for {b('post-translational hepatic carboxylation')} of glutamic acid → gamma-carboxyglutamic acid"))
story.append(bullet(f"Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors: {red('II (prothrombin), VII, IX, X')}"))
story.append(bullet("Facilitates chelation of calcium ions to glutamate + platelet phosphatide → essential for coagulation cascade"))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Why Newborns are Especially Prone to Deficiency", H2))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"1. Vitamin K {red('does NOT cross placenta')}  •  "
    f"2. Newborns lack adequate intestinal flora to synthesize K endogenously  •  "
    f"3. {red('Breast milk is a poor source')} of vitamin K",
    bg=LIGHT_ORANGE, border=ORANGE
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)", H2))
story.append(body(f"{b('Definition:')} Syndrome of severe systemic bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency in the newborn period"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Clinical Features", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"Bleeding from: {b('skin (ecchymosis), GI tract, nasal cavity, umbilical stump')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"{red('Intracranial hemorrhage')} → seizures (life-threatening)"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Lab Findings", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"Undetectable plasma vitamin K"))
story.append(bullet(f"↑ {b('PIVKA')} (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence) — uncarboxylated prothrombin"))
story.append(bullet(f"{red('Prolonged PT + aPTT')}"))
story.append(bullet(green("Normal platelet counts")))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Classification by Age of Onset", H2))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Type", "Onset", "Cause"],
    [
        ["Early", "< 24 hours",
         "Maternal drugs (primidone, warfarin, phenytoin) — antagonize vitamin K"],
        ["Classic", "First week of life",
         "Normal breastfed babies not given vitamin K at birth"],
        ["Late", "1–12 weeks",
         "Underlying liver disease or defects in vitamin K metabolism"],
    ],
    col_widths=[2.5*cm, 3.5*cm, doc.width-6*cm]
))
story.append(sp(5))

story.append(Paragraph("Treatment & Prophylaxis", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Treatment:')} IV Vitamin K + Fresh Frozen Plasma"))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"{green('PROPHYLAXIS:')} Routine administration of {b('0.5–1 mg Vitamin K IM')} at birth to ALL healthy newborns",
    bg=colors.HexColor("#E8F8EF"), border=GREEN_SOFT
))
story.append(bullet("Infants with liver disease/vitamin K metabolism defects → higher dose IV vitamin K + FFP"))
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 4 — TRACE ELEMENTS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("4.  TRACE ELEMENTS", colors.HexColor("#1A7A4A")))
story.append(sp(6))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"11 'major' elements = 99% of body weight (C, H, O, N, Na, K, Ca, P, S, Cl, Mg). "
    f"Trace elements are the remaining minerals — function as cofactors for enzyme systems "
    f"(metal-ion-activated enzymes or {b('metalloenzymes')}).",
    bg=LIGHT_TEAL, border=MED_TEAL
))
story.append(sp(6))

# IRON
story.append(Paragraph("IRON (Fe)", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"{red('Most common nutritional problem')} among infants and young children"))
story.append(bullet(f"NFHS-V (2019–21): {red('67% of children')} aged 6 months–5 years were anemic"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Functions:')} hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes; DNA synthesis, cognitive function, immune function, physical performance, social-emotional development"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Deficiency:')} iron deficiency anemia, impaired cognitive and physical function; Anemia-Mukt Bharat Initiative (Chapter 13)"))
story.append(sp(6))

# ZINC
story.append(Paragraph("ZINC (Zn)", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Second most common')} trace element in the body after iron"))
story.append(bullet(f">200 zinc-dependent enzymatic reactions"))

story.append(Paragraph("Functions", H3))
story.append(bullet("Regulates gene transcription and cellular protein synthesis"))
story.append(bullet(f"Component of {b('zinc finger proteins')}"))
story.append(bullet(f"DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are zinc-dependent"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Thymidine kinase')} is zinc-dependent"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Zinc superoxide dismutase')} — antioxidant"))
story.append(bullet("Required for functioning of immune, epidermal, GI, CNS, skeletal, reproductive systems"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Sources & Absorption", H3))
story.append(bullet("Mainly animal protein: liver, meat, fish, nuts, eggs"))
story.append(bullet("Plants/legumes: lower bioavailability (phytates ↓ absorption)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('~90%')} of total body zinc in bone and skeletal muscle"))
story.append(bullet("Zinc loosely bound to albumin in systemic circulation"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Zinc Deficiency — Clinical Features", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Poor physical growth')} — most prominent feature (delayed sexual maturation/hypogonadism in adolescents)"))
story.append(bullet("Impaired immune function, anorexia, diarrhea, alopecia, dermatitis, skeletal abnormalities"))
story.append(bullet("Infants, children, adolescents, pregnant/lactating women have increased demand"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Acrodermatitis Enteropathica", H3))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Feature", "Details"],
    [
        ["Genetics", "Autosomal recessive"],
        ["Cause", "Impaired intestinal zinc transporter protein ZIP4"],
        ["Onset", "Early infancy"],
        ["Skin lesions", "Eczematous lesions perioral, perineum, buttocks, acral areas"],
        ["Other features", "Alopecia, diarrhea, impaired wound healing, impaired immunity, skeletal abnormalities"],
        ["Treatment", "Zinc sulfate or zinc acetate supplementation"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4*cm, doc.width-4*cm]
))
story.append(sp(6))

# COPPER
story.append(Paragraph("COPPER (Cu)", H2))
story.append(bullet("Component of several metalloenzymes for oxidative metabolism"))
story.append(bullet(f"Transported in blood by {b('ceruloplasmin')} (main transport protein)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Sources:')} meats, liver, seafood, nuts, seeds"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Deficiency:')} infrequent; secondary to malabsorption, liver disease, prolonged dialysis"))
story.append(bullet("Features: sideroblastic anemia unresponsive to iron therapy, neurological problems"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Wilson disease')} — copper transport disrupted (excess accumulation in liver, brain, cornea)"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Menkes disease')} — X-linked; impaired copper absorption; steely hair, neurodegeneration"))
story.append(sp(6))

# IODINE
story.append(Paragraph("IODINE (I)", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Essential for {b('thyroxine (T4)')} and {b('triiodothyronine (T3)')} synthesis"))
story.append(bullet("Key role in body growth and brain development, especially fetal brain"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Sources", H3))
story.append(bullet("Naturally iodine-rich: sea water, sea plants/seafood"))
story.append(bullet("Iodine-deficient areas in India: Himalayan belt and Ganges valley"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Recommended Daily Intake", H3))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Group", "RDI"],
    [
        ["Children 6–12 years", "120 µg/day"],
        ["Pregnant/lactating women", "150 µg/day"],
        ["> 12 years / adults", "150 µg/day"],
    ],
    col_widths=[8*cm, doc.width-8*cm]
))
story.append(sp(4))

story.append(Paragraph("Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)", H3))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Stage", "Key Features"],
    [
        ["Fetus",
         "Abortions, stillbirths, congenital anomalies, endemic cretinism, ↑ perinatal mortality, neonatal hypothyroidism"],
        ["Neonate",
         "Neonatal goiter, neonatal hypothyroidism"],
        ["Child/Adolescent",
         "Goiter, subclinical hypothyroidism, impaired mental function, retarded physical development"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.5*cm, doc.width-3.5*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Endemic Cretinism", H3))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Neurological cretinism')} (damage before thyroid maturation): deaf-mutism, spastic diplegia"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Myxedematous cretinism')}: hypothyroidism, dwarfism"))
story.append(sp(3))

story.append(Paragraph("Urinary Iodine Assessment", H3))
story.append(make_table(
    ["Urinary Iodine", "Status"],
    [
        ["< 20 µg/day", "Severe deficiency"],
        ["20–49 µg/day", "Moderate deficiency"],
        ["50–99 µg/day", "Mild insufficiency"],
        ["< 100 µg/day", "Iodine insufficiency in a community"],
    ],
    col_widths=[5*cm, doc.width-5*cm]
))
story.append(sp(3))
story.append(highlight_box(
    f"{green('PREVENTION:')} Universal Iodization of Salt — target iodine at manufacturing plants: {b('30 ppm')}; at distribution: {b('15 ppm')} (National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program, India)",
    bg=colors.HexColor("#E8F8EF"), border=GREEN_SOFT
))
story.append(sp(6))

# SELENIUM
story.append(Paragraph("SELENIUM (Se)", H2))
story.append(bullet(f"Constituent of {b('glutathione peroxidase')} (major antioxidant enzyme)"))
story.append(bullet("Part of deiodinase enzyme — helps maintain normal thyroid function and immune function"))
story.append(bullet(f"{b('Keshan disease')}: selenium deficiency → {red('fatal cardiomyopathy')} (endemic in parts of Africa/China)"))
story.append(bullet("Deficiency features: cardiomyopathy, hair whitening, neurological findings, low plasma ceruloplasmin, neutropenia, anemia"))
story.append(sp(6))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MEMORY AIDS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("QUICK MEMORY AIDS", colors.HexColor("#2C3E50")))
story.append(sp(6))

memory_items = [
    f"{purple('Vit A treatment doses:')} 50k / 100k / 200k IU for <6m / 6-12m / >1yr — repeat Day 1, Day 2, Week 4",
    f"{purple('HDN classification:')} Early (<24h) = maternal drugs | Classic (week 1) = no K at birth | Late (1–12 wks) = liver disease",
    f"{purple('Vitamin K-dependent factors:')} II, VII, IX, X — remember '1972 + 10'",
    f"{purple('B12 deficiency triad:')} Megaloblastic anemia + Subacute combined degeneration + Infantile tremor syndrome",
    f"{purple('Zinc deficiency hallmark:')} Acrodermatitis enteropathica — ZIP4 mutation, autosomal recessive",
    f"{purple('Carotenemia vs jaundice:')} Yellow skin in both BUT sclerae are CLEAR in carotenemia",
    f"{purple('PIVKA = ')} Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence (uncarboxylated prothrombin) — marker of HDN",
    f"{purple('Pernicious anemia = ')} absent Intrinsic Factor → B12 malabsorption → megaloblastic anemia + subacute combined degeneration",
    f"{purple('Carotenemia resolves in:')} 2–6 weeks after stopping carotene intake",
    f"{purple('Iodine targets (India salt):')} 30 ppm at manufacturing | 15 ppm at distribution",
]
for item in memory_items:
    data = [[Paragraph(f"★  {item}", MEMORY)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[doc.width])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1), LIGHT_PURPLE),
        ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1), 0.5, PURPLE),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),8),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS",[3]),
    ]))
    story.append(t)
    story.append(sp(4))

story.append(sp(8))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Source: Essential Pediatrics, Chapter 8 — Micronutrients in Health and Disease",
    style("Footer", fontSize=8, textColor=MID_GREY, alignment=TA_CENTER,
          fontName="Helvetica-Oblique")
))

# ── Build ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")

cd /home/daytona/workspace/micronutrients-notes && python generate_pdf.py 2>&1