anaphylaxis
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anaphylaxis emergency treatment epinephrine official guideline
Anaphylaxis is a rapid, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can cause airway swelling, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, fainting, widespread hives, vomiting, or severe abdominal pain, often after food, medication, insect stings, or latex exposure.
If this may be happening now:
- Use an epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector immediately if available. Inject into the outer mid-thigh through clothing if necessary.
- Call emergency services now.
- Lie flat with legs raised if possible. If breathing is difficult, sit up with legs outstretched. Do not stand or walk.
- If symptoms persist after 5 minutes and a second injector is available, use it.
- Go to emergency care even if symptoms improve, because symptoms can recur.
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment. Antihistamines do not treat airway swelling or shock and must not delay epinephrine. The Resuscitation Council UK guideline supports immediate intramuscular epinephrine for suspected anaphylaxis.
Key warning signs include:
- Throat tightness, hoarse voice, tongue or lip swelling
- Wheeze, shortness of breath, persistent cough
- Dizziness, collapse, pale/clammy skin
- Hives or flushing with breathing, circulation, or severe gastrointestinal symptoms
If you meant a study explanation rather than an active reaction, tell me whether you want diagnosis, triggers, treatment, or an emergency algorithm.
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