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HKMLE Cardiac emergencies (e.g. acute pulmonary oedema, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade) notes from Davidson's. Full coverage, mnemonics, HK high yield, quick cheat sheet, recent guidelines, drawings/tables/results if needed. No duplication.

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Searching PubMed

"cardiac arrest" OR "cardiogenic shock" OR "cardiac tamponade" OR "pulmonary edema" guidelines

Searching the Web

HKMLE cardiac emergencies high yield 2024 2025 Hong Kong Medical Licensing Examination

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⚠️ Library note: Davidson's is not in the textbook library. These notes are compiled from Harrison's Internal Medicine 22E (2025), Braunwald's Heart Disease, and Rosen's Emergency Medicine — the content is equivalent or superior in depth, and updated with AHA 2025, ERC 2025, and ACC 2025 guidelines.
Here's a summary of what's covered:
4 Topics, Full Coverage:
  1. Acute Pulmonary Oedema — pathophys, clinical features (crackles/pink froth/bat-wing CXR), diagnosis (BNP, echo, PAC), treatment with LMNOP mnemonic, morphine controversy, HFNC vs NIV
  2. Cardiac Arrest — rhythm frequencies (asystole 50%, VF 20–25%), 4H4T reversible causes, ALS algorithm (adrenaline timing, amiodarone dosing), post-resuscitation care (TTM, no routine PCI without STE — 2025 guideline trap)
  3. Cardiogenic Shock — SCAI A–E staging, causes (LV 80%, MR, VSR, free wall), haemodynamic profiles (cold/wet), management: noradrenaline > dopamine (SOAP-II), early PCI (SHOCK trial), IABP no benefit (IABP-SHOCK II), Impella (DanGer Shock 2024)
  4. Cardiac Tamponade — Beck's triad, pulsus paradoxus mechanism, ECG electrical alternans, X without Y descent, Kussmaul's sign differentiates constrictive, echo (RV diastolic collapse), subxiphoid pericardiocentesis
Extra features: Comparative table across all 4, ASCII drawings (CXR, SCAI pyramid, JVP waveform), mnemonics for each condition, 2025 guideline changes flagged with PMIDs.
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