import requests
import io
import os
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image,
                                 Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable)
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import KeepTogether
from PIL import Image as PILImage
import urllib.request
import traceback

# ── output path ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
OUT = "/tmp/workspace/biomech-pdf/Biomechanics_5Marks_Diagrams.pdf"

# ── collected image URLs from search ─────────────────────────────────────────
IMAGES = {
    "supination_pronation_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_25d4cadd68d3e57d20a7c700b3debf1d17e633bc93316b25f808b1142cb12fa5.jpg",
    "supination_pronation_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_cd6aa0466326d3e94a31471480700b4cafd141b6a4487b23342f7fc3b3bb9b84.jpg",
    "gait_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_14a4bdc0a165f9af88e1267f1b352cf493e895a7bea5e480f28f4bc99cca9cb2.jpg",
    "gait_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_7f4c3813f1b4435c2380e79f047cb01a9ddc36c83d5708800c6eff72711c5d9a.jpg",
    "scapulohumeral_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_2c390afb6f9dc0d879e2294871194909831dd55cb8fef1b1c20e6b8292637f14.jpg",
    "scapulohumeral_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_3622a569856ce0b9b0dd63cd1c9fbaa779927cbec30e2fa3e14c5ef520e7be9d.jpg",
    "meniscus_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_2456db91f81a0614a77856398d59b7b12a135bcfd29d451015f92fc540ef92f4.jpg",
    "meniscus_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_4005e6a492f7bac510c0e33fcfc553fe6cf4c91cd7edb2becd9247ba36e98564.jpg",
    "ligamentum_flavum_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_52c9eea42cb70f5b1fc5b1f3317ccddf27d7646bf15584434fe5ea21f490bcca.jpg",
    "ligamentum_flavum_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_957d1ea3dc492a09bb2ef1d61380c8eab0c08c3e12ae3c038c906df5cddc536c.jpg",
    "sliding_filament_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_c51d2cf0f4c4e51ce2a4267aa80effff169dc3a0a34ff2bb82d6b3d90e7a0b08.jpg",
    "sliding_filament_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_891d8585a37370558b6c6e8d806b8a98e242b3c5f8955ad693c24019f540036b.jpg",
    "acl_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_8773cf68c54f4f091619eca991592d45339e9e1e74b0fefdcfe68a0d14e22c03.jpg",
    "acl_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_c5b9c47f15885c609be05dca10f82ee40801337fe5fd207af6d5ef005bfef5a2.jpg",
    "patellofemoral_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_f5e36d82c6bd02be8300ead0eb80b45f5ed9825db19c57d2a44c9717785a700a.jpg",
    "patellofemoral_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_b3eef7c11b2fff720d08c9eb4e63a3c1ea238c86cd8ac85970f7d28eb2bb271e.jpg",
    "foot_arches_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_1818b80344c343bcdaeab3b671ccf3834c33e9527ea493746f62b6a9fd78d056.jpg",
    "foot_arches_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_bed5b016775e9b570293894d34cea82f3db05763e2e251e585b24b4cca60daac.jpg",
}

def download_image(url, max_w, max_h):
    """Download image, return ReportLab Image flowable or None."""
    try:
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"})
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15).read()
        pil = PILImage.open(io.BytesIO(data))
        w, h = pil.size
        ratio = min(max_w / w, max_h / h)
        return Image(io.BytesIO(data), width=w * ratio, height=h * ratio)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  !! Failed {url[:60]}: {e}")
        return None

# ── Matplotlib-drawn diagrams for topics without fetched images ───────────────
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Agg")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.patches as patches
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch, Arc, FancyBboxPatch
import numpy as np

def save_fig(name):
    path = f"/tmp/workspace/biomech-pdf/{name}.png"
    plt.savefig(path, dpi=120, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor="white")
    plt.close()
    return path

# ── DIAGRAM GENERATORS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def draw_osteokinematics():
    """Osteokinematics vs Arthrokinematics diagram."""
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 5))
    fig.suptitle("Osteokinematics vs Arthrokinematics", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.set_aspect('equal'); ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Osteokinematics\n(Bone movement in space)", fontsize=11, color='navy')
    # Draw a lever/bone rotating
    pivot = plt.Circle((5, 3), 0.3, color='gray', zorder=5)
    ax.add_patch(pivot)
    # bone position 1
    ax.plot([5, 5], [3, 8], 'b-', linewidth=6, solid_capstyle='round')
    # bone position 2 (rotated)
    angle = 45
    x2 = 5 + 5*np.sin(np.radians(angle))
    y2 = 3 + 5*np.cos(np.radians(angle))
    ax.plot([5, x2], [3, y2], 'b--', linewidth=4, alpha=0.5)
    arc = Arc((5, 3), 4, 4, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=45, color='red', linewidth=2)
    ax.add_patch(arc)
    ax.annotate('Flexion\n(Plane of motion)', xy=(7.5, 5), fontsize=9, color='red', ha='center')
    ax.text(5, 1.5, 'Axis of Rotation', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='gray')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.set_aspect('equal'); ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Arthrokinematics\n(Joint surface motion)", fontsize=11, color='darkgreen')
    # convex on concave
    concave = Arc((5, 4), 6, 4, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=180, color='steelblue', linewidth=3)
    ax.add_patch(concave)
    convex = Arc((5, 6.2), 3, 2.5, angle=0, theta1=180, theta2=360, color='tomato', linewidth=3)
    ax.add_patch(convex)
    ax.text(5, 2, 'Concave surface\n(Tibia)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='steelblue')
    ax.text(5, 8.5, 'Convex surface\n(Femur)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='tomato')
    # roll & glide arrows
    ax.annotate('', xy=(7, 6.5), xytext=(5.5, 7),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='green', lw=2))
    ax.annotate('', xy=(3, 5.2), xytext=(5, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='purple', lw=2))
    ax.text(7.5, 7, 'Roll', fontsize=9, color='green')
    ax.text(1.5, 5.5, 'Glide', fontsize=9, color='purple')

    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("osteokinematics")

def draw_sensory_receptors():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 7))
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Sensory Receptors in Muscle", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    # Muscle spindle
    spindle = FancyBboxPatch((0.5, 5.5), 4, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                              linewidth=2, edgecolor='navy', facecolor='lightblue', alpha=0.4)
    ax.add_patch(spindle)
    ax.text(2.5, 9.3, 'MUSCLE SPINDLE\n(Intrafusal Fibers)', ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='navy')
    ax.text(2.5, 8.5, 'Nuclear bag fiber', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(2.5, 7.8, 'Nuclear chain fiber', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(2.5, 7.0, 'Ia afferents (primary)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='red')
    ax.text(2.5, 6.4, 'II afferents (secondary)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='darkred')
    ax.text(2.5, 5.8, 'Gamma motor neuron (efferent)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='blue')

    # GTO
    gto = FancyBboxPatch((5.5, 5.5), 4, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                          linewidth=2, edgecolor='darkgreen', facecolor='lightgreen', alpha=0.4)
    ax.add_patch(gto)
    ax.text(7.5, 9.3, 'GOLGI TENDON ORGAN\n(GTO)', ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='darkgreen')
    ax.text(7.5, 8.5, 'Located at musculotendinous junction', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(7.5, 7.8, 'Encapsulated collagen fibers', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(7.5, 7.0, 'Ib afferents', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='darkgreen')
    ax.text(7.5, 6.4, 'Detects muscle tension', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(7.5, 5.8, 'Inhibitory reflex (autogenic)', ha='center', fontsize=9, color='red')

    # Comparison table
    table_data = [
        ['Feature', 'Muscle Spindle', 'GTO'],
        ['Location', 'In muscle belly', 'Musculotendinous jxn'],
        ['Stimulus', 'Stretch (length)', 'Tension (force)'],
        ['Afferent', 'Ia, II', 'Ib'],
        ['Reflex', 'Stretch reflex', 'Inverse stretch reflex'],
    ]
    t = ax.table(cellText=table_data[1:], colLabels=table_data[0],
                 bbox=[0, 0, 1, 0.48], cellLoc='center')
    t.auto_set_font_size(False); t.set_fontsize(9)
    t[0, 0].set_facecolor('#D0D0FF'); t[0, 1].set_facecolor('#D0D0FF'); t[0, 2].set_facecolor('#D0D0FF')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("sensory_receptors")

def draw_tfcc():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 5))
    fig.suptitle("Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)", fontsize=13, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("TFCC - Components (Palmar View)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Radius
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((1, 6), 2.5, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(2.25, 9.8, 'RADIUS', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Ulna
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((6.5, 6), 2.5, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(7.75, 9.8, 'ULNA', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # TFCC disc
    ax.add_patch(patches.Ellipse((5, 5.5), 5, 2, angle=0, facecolor='lightcoral', edgecolor='red', linewidth=2, alpha=0.7))
    ax.text(5, 5.5, 'Articular Disc\n(Central)', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Ligaments
    ax.annotate('', xy=(1, 6), xytext=(3.5, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='blue', lw=2))
    ax.annotate('', xy=(9, 6), xytext=(6.5, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='blue', lw=2))
    ax.text(5, 3.5, 'Volar Radioulnar Lig.', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    ax.text(5, 3.0, 'Dorsal Radioulnar Lig.', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='darkblue')
    ax.text(5, 2.4, 'ECU subsheath', ha='center', fontsize=8)
    ax.text(5, 1.8, 'Ulnocarpal ligaments (meniscal homologue)', ha='center', fontsize=8)
    ax.text(5, 1.2, 'Ulnolunate & Ulnotriquetral Lig.', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='purple')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("TFCC - Functions & Tear Classification", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    functions = [
        "1. Primary stabilizer of DRUJ",
        "2. Transmits ~20% of axial load",
        "3. Load distribution across carpus",
        "4. Suspends ulnar carpus from radius",
        "5. Allows forearm rotation"
    ]
    for i, f in enumerate(functions):
        ax.text(0.5, 8.5 - i*0.9, f, fontsize=10, va='center',
                bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange', boxstyle='round,pad=0.3'))

    ax.text(0.5, 3.5, "Palmer Classification:", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='darkred')
    ax.text(0.5, 2.9, "Class I: Traumatic tear", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 2.3, "Class II: Degenerative (TFCC wear)", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 1.7, "Central disc — avascular (no healing)", fontsize=9, color='red')
    ax.text(0.5, 1.1, "Peripheral — vascular (can heal)", fontsize=9, color='green')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("tfcc")

def draw_linear_force():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 5))
    fig.suptitle("Linear Force System", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(-1, 11); ax.set_ylim(-1, 11)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Collinear Force System", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    ax.plot([2, 8], [5, 5], 'k-', linewidth=3)
    ax.annotate('', xy=(8, 5), xytext=(5, 5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='blue', lw=2.5))
    ax.annotate('', xy=(2, 5), xytext=(5, 5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red', lw=2.5))
    ax.text(7, 6, 'F1 = 40N →', fontsize=10, color='blue')
    ax.text(1, 6, '← F2 = 25N', fontsize=10, color='red')
    ax.text(5, 3, 'Resultant = F1 - F2 = 15N →', ha='center', fontsize=10, color='purple')
    ax.text(5, 2, 'Forces act on same line', ha='center', fontsize=9, style='italic')
    ax.text(0.5, 9, 'Types of Linear Force System:', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 8.2, '• Concurrent: meet at a point', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 7.5, '• Collinear: same line of action', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 6.8, '• Parallel: different lines, same direction', fontsize=9)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Parallel Force System\n(Body weight distribution)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Beam
    ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((1, 5), 8, 0.4, facecolor='peru', edgecolor='black'))
    # Forces down
    for x, f, c in [(2, '300N', 'blue'), (5, '200N', 'green'), (8, '250N', 'red')]:
        ax.annotate('', xy=(x, 4.5), xytext=(x, 5),
                    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color=c, lw=2))
        ax.text(x, 4.0, f, ha='center', color=c, fontsize=9)
    # Reaction up
    ax.annotate('', xy=(4.5, 6.5), xytext=(4.5, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='black', lw=3))
    ax.text(4.5, 6.8, 'R = 750N ↑', ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(5, 2.5, 'ΣF = 0 (Equilibrium)', ha='center', fontsize=11, fontweight='bold',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    ax.text(5, 1.5, 'Resultant = algebraic sum of all forces', ha='center', fontsize=9)
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("linear_force")

def draw_connective_tissue():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Composition of Connective Tissue", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Cell Components", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold')
    cells = [("Fibroblasts", "Produce collagen, elastin,\nproteoglycans", '#AED6F1'),
             ("Chondrocytes", "Found in cartilage,\nmaintain ECM", '#A9DFBF'),
             ("Osteoblasts/\nOsteoclasts", "Bone formation\nand resorption", '#FAD7A0'),
             ("Mast Cells", "Inflammatory response,\nhistamine release", '#F1948A'),
             ("Macrophages", "Phagocytosis,\ntissue remodeling", '#D7BDE2')]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(cells):
        y = 8.5 - i * 1.7
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, y-0.6), 9.4, 1.3,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.15",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.8))
        ax.text(1.5, y, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(5.5, y, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Extracellular Matrix (ECM)", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold')
    # Pie chart style breakdown
    categories = ['Collagen\n(Types I-XII)', 'Elastin\nFibers', 'Proteoglycans\n& GAGs',
                  'Fibronectin\n& Laminin', 'Water\n(60-70%)']
    colors_p = ['#5DADE2', '#58D68D', '#F4D03F', '#E59866', '#85C1E9']
    wedges, texts = plt.pie([35, 15, 20, 10, 20], labels=categories,
                             colors=colors_p, startangle=90,
                             wedgeprops=dict(width=0.6))
    plt.axis('equal')
    ax.text(5, 0.5, "Key: Collagen provides tensile strength\nElastin provides elasticity\nGAGs provide compressive resistance",
            ha='center', fontsize=8.5, va='center',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange', boxstyle='round'))
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("connective_tissue")

def draw_load_deformation():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 5))
    fig.suptitle("Load-Deformation Curve", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    x = np.array([0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.2, 3.8, 4.5])
    y = np.array([0, 0.2, 2, 5, 7, 7.5, 5])
    ax.plot(x, y, 'b-', linewidth=3)
    ax.set_xlabel("Deformation (mm)", fontsize=10)
    ax.set_ylabel("Load (N)", fontsize=10)
    ax.set_title("Typical Load-Deformation Curve", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    ax.fill_between(x[:4], y[:4], alpha=0.2, color='green', label='Elastic Zone')
    ax.fill_between(x[3:6], y[3:6], alpha=0.2, color='orange', label='Plastic Zone')
    ax.axvline(x=1.5, color='gray', linestyle='--', linewidth=1.5)
    ax.axvline(x=3.2, color='red', linestyle='--', linewidth=1.5)
    ax.text(0.2, 4, 'Toe\nRegion', fontsize=8, color='purple')
    ax.text(1.6, 6, 'Elastic\nRegion', fontsize=8, color='green')
    ax.text(3.3, 6.5, 'Yield\nPoint', fontsize=8, color='red')
    ax.text(3.8, 3, 'Failure\nZone', fontsize=8, color='orange')
    ax.text(0.1, 0.5, 'Toe region:\nCrimp of\ncollagen', fontsize=7.5, color='purple',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lavender'))
    ax.legend(fontsize=8)
    ax.set_ylim(0, 9)
    ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Key Parameters", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    params = [
        ("Stiffness", "Slope of linear region\n(Load / Deformation)", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Elastic Limit", "Max load without permanent\ndeformation", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Yield Point", "Onset of plastic (permanent)\ndeformation", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Ultimate Load", "Maximum load before failure", '#F1948A'),
        ("Energy Stored", "Area under elastic region\n(Strain energy)", '#D7BDE2'),
        ("Hysteresis", "Energy lost during\nloading-unloading cycle", '#FDEBD0'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(params):
        y_pos = 9 - i * 1.4
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y_pos - 0.55), 9.5, 1.1,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.1", facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray'))
        ax.text(0.5, y_pos, f"• {name}:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(4.0, y_pos, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("load_deformation")

def draw_pelvic_tilt():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Pelvic Tilt", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    for ax, title, spine_curve, color in [
        (axes[0], "Anterior Pelvic Tilt", 'lordosis', 'tomato'),
        (axes[1], "Posterior Pelvic Tilt", 'kyphosis', 'steelblue')
    ]:
        ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
        ax.axis('off')
        ax.set_title(title, fontsize=11, fontweight='bold', color=color)

        # Draw simplified pelvis
        pelvis_x = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 7, 5, 3, 2.5, 3]
        pelvis_y = [7, 6, 5.5, 6, 7, 8.5, 9.5, 10, 9.5, 8.5, 7]
        if title.startswith("Anterior"):
            # tilt forward: ASIS down, PSIS up
            pelvis_y = [y - (x - 5) * 0.3 for x, y in zip(pelvis_x, pelvis_y)]
        else:
            pelvis_y = [y + (x - 5) * 0.3 for x, y in zip(pelvis_x, pelvis_y)]
        ax.plot(pelvis_x, pelvis_y, color=color, linewidth=3)
        ax.fill(pelvis_x, pelvis_y, alpha=0.15, color=color)

        if title.startswith("Anterior"):
            ax.text(5, 3.5, "↑ Lumbar Lordosis\n↓ Hip Flexors tight\n↓ Hamstrings lengthened\n↑ ASIS lower than PSIS",
                    ha='center', fontsize=9, bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor=color))
            ax.text(7.5, 7, 'PSIS\n(up)', fontsize=8, color='red')
            ax.text(2.5, 5.5, 'ASIS\n(down)', fontsize=8, color='red')
        else:
            ax.text(5, 3.5, "↓ Lumbar Lordosis\n↑ Hamstrings tight\n↑ Abdominals tight\n↑ ASIS higher than PSIS",
                    ha='center', fontsize=9, bbox=dict(facecolor='lightcyan', edgecolor=color))
            ax.text(7.5, 8, 'PSIS\n(down)', fontsize=8, color='blue')
            ax.text(2.5, 6, 'ASIS\n(up)', fontsize=8, color='blue')
        ax.text(5, 0.8, "Normal: ASIS = PSIS level\nNormal angle: 0-5° ♀, 0-4° ♂",
                ha='center', fontsize=8.5, color='gray', style='italic')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("pelvic_tilt")

def draw_scoliosis():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 7))
    fig.suptitle("Scoliosis", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 15)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Types of Scoliosis\n(Posterior View)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Structural scoliosis curve - S-shaped spine
    t = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
    x = 5 + 1.5 * np.sin(t * 0.7)
    y = t * 1.3 + 0.5
    ax.plot(x, y, 'b-', linewidth=4)
    ax.text(7.5, 9, 'Compensatory\ncurve', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    ax.text(1.5, 5, 'Primary\ncurve', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    ax.annotate('', xy=(7, 7), xytext=(5.5, 7),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='<->', color='red', lw=2))
    ax.text(8, 7, 'Cobb\nAngle', fontsize=8, color='red')
    types_text = "Types:\n• Idiopathic (80%) - most common\n• Congenital\n• Neuromuscular\n• Degenerative"
    ax.text(0.5, 13.5, types_text, fontsize=9, va='top',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange', boxstyle='round'))

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Cobb Angle Measurement\n& Classification", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Simple Cobb angle diagram
    ax.plot([2, 8], [9, 9], 'b--', linewidth=1.5)  # upper end vertebra line
    ax.plot([2.5, 7.5], [3, 3], 'b--', linewidth=1.5)  # lower end vertebra line
    curve_x = np.array([5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6, 5])
    curve_y = np.array([9, 8, 6.5, 5, 4.5, 5, 6.5, 8, 9])
    ax.plot(curve_x, curve_y, 'b-', linewidth=4)
    arc = Arc((5, 3), 4, 4, angle=0, theta1=20, theta2=160, color='red', linewidth=2)
    ax.add_patch(arc)
    ax.text(5, 1.5, 'Cobb Angle (α)', ha='center', fontsize=10, color='red', fontweight='bold')

    classification = [
        ("< 10°", "Normal variation"),
        ("10-25°", "Mild: observation"),
        ("25-40°", "Moderate: bracing"),
        ("40-50°", "Borderline: surgery"),
        ("> 50°", "Severe: surgery indicated"),
    ]
    for i, (angle, mgmt) in enumerate(classification):
        clr = ['green', 'yellowgreen', 'orange', 'tomato', 'red'][i]
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, 10.2 - i*1.8), 9.5, 1.5,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.1", facecolor=clr, alpha=0.2, edgecolor=clr))
        ax.text(1.2, 11 - i*1.8, angle, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center', color=clr)
        ax.text(4.5, 11 - i*1.8, mgmt, fontsize=9, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("scoliosis")

def draw_grip_grasp():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Grip and Grasp / Power Grip", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Types of Prehension", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold')
    grips = [
        ("POWER GRIP", "Cylindrical / Spherical / Hook\nFingers flex around object\nAll digits + palm\nEx: hammer, bar", '#AED6F1'),
        ("PRECISION GRIP", "Pinch grips: tip, lateral, palmar\nThumb opposes fingers\nEx: holding a pen, key", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("LATERAL PINCH\n(Key Pinch)", "Thumb pulp vs. lateral\nindex finger\nStrong, stable grip\nIPJ flexion of thumb", '#FAD7A0'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(grips):
        y = 10.5 - i * 3.5
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, y - 1.2), 9.4, 3.0,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.2", facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.7))
        ax.text(5, y + 1.2, name, ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(5, y - 0.3, desc, ha='center', fontsize=8.5, va='center')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Biomechanics of Power Grip", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(5, 11.3, "Muscles Involved:", ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    muscles = [
        ("Extrinsic Flexors", "FDS, FDP - main grip force"),
        ("Intrinsics", "Lumbricals, interossei - MCP flexion"),
        ("Thenar", "Opposes thumb for stability"),
        ("Hypothenar", "Abducts little finger"),
        ("Wrist Extensors", "Stabilize wrist during grip"),
    ]
    for i, (m, d) in enumerate(muscles):
        ax.text(0.5, 10 - i*1.5, f"• {m}:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
        ax.text(3.5, 10 - i*1.5, d, fontsize=9)
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 1.5), 9.4, 2.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                 facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    ax.text(5, 3.5, "Force Analysis:", ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(5, 2.8, "Max grip force = 400-500 N in adult males", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 2.2, "Wrist in 30° ext = strongest position", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 1.7, "Wrist flexion reduces grip by 25%", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("grip_grasp")

def draw_active_passive_insufficiency():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Active & Passive Insufficiency", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Active Insufficiency", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold', color='red')
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 8.5), 9.4, 3, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                 facecolor='#FADBD8', edgecolor='red'))
    ax.text(5, 11, "ACTIVE INSUFFICIENCY", ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='red')
    ax.text(5, 10.2, "Two-joint muscle cannot generate", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 9.6, "full force when shortened at BOTH joints", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 9.0, "simultaneously", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 7.8, "Example:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 7.2, "Rectus Femoris: extends knee AND flexes hip", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 6.6, "→ If hip flexed + knee extended = weak", fontsize=9, color='red')
    ax.text(0.5, 5.5, "Hamstrings: flex knee AND extend hip", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 4.9, "→ Full hip extension + knee flexion = weak", fontsize=9, color='red')
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 3.5), 9.4, 1.0, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                 facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    ax.text(5, 4.0, "Occurs in: Two-joint AGONIST muscle", ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(5, 2.5, "Length-Tension Curve:", ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    x_len = np.linspace(0.5, 9.5, 50)
    y_force = 1.5 * np.exp(-0.5 * ((x_len - 5) ** 2) / 4) + 0.2
    ax.plot(x_len, y_force, 'r-', linewidth=2.5)
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.annotate('Optimal length\n(max force)', xy=(5, 1.85), fontsize=7.5, ha='center',
                xytext=(5, 1.1), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red'))

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Passive Insufficiency", fontsize=11, fontweight='bold', color='blue')
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 8.5), 9.4, 3, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                 facecolor='#D6EAF8', edgecolor='blue'))
    ax.text(5, 11, "PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY", ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='blue')
    ax.text(5, 10.2, "Two-joint muscle is stretched to a point", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 9.6, "where it LIMITS full ROM at BOTH joints", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(5, 9.0, "simultaneously (reaches max length)", ha='center', fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 7.8, "Example:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 7.2, "Hamstrings: cannot fully extend knee", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 6.6, "when hip is also fully flexed", fontsize=9, color='blue')
    ax.text(0.5, 5.8, "Rectus Femoris: limits full knee flexion", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 5.2, "when hip is also fully extended", fontsize=9, color='blue')
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 3.8), 9.4, 1.0, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                 facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    ax.text(5, 4.3, "Occurs in: Two-joint ANTAGONIST muscle", ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 3.0, "Clinical Note:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 2.4, "Straight Leg Raise test - hamstring passive", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 1.8, "insufficiency limits hip flexion with knee ext.", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 1.2, "Finger extension = wrist flexion limited by", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 0.6, "passive insufficiency of extrinsic extensors", fontsize=9)
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("active_passive")

def draw_hip_angles():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Angles of the Hip Joint", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Angle of Inclination\n(Neck-Shaft Angle)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Femoral neck & shaft
    # Shaft
    ax.plot([5, 5], [0.5, 5], 'peru', linewidth=10)
    # Neck at angle
    neck_angle = 125  # degrees from shaft (horizontal)
    neck_rad = np.radians(180 - neck_angle)
    nx = 5 + 3 * np.cos(neck_rad)
    ny = 5 + 3 * np.sin(neck_rad)
    ax.plot([5, nx], [5, ny], 'peru', linewidth=8)
    ax.plot(nx, ny, 'o', color='peru', markersize=20)  # femoral head
    # Angle arc
    arc = Arc((5, 5), 2, 2, angle=0, theta1=90, theta2=180 - neck_angle + 90, color='red', linewidth=2)
    ax.add_patch(arc)
    ax.text(3.5, 6.2, f'125°\n(Normal)', fontsize=10, color='red', fontweight='bold')
    # Shaft vertical line
    ax.plot([5, 5], [5, 8], 'gray', linewidth=1, linestyle='--')
    normals = [("Normal adult", "120-135°", "green"),
               ("Coxa Valga", "> 135°", "red"),
               ("Coxa Vara", "< 120°", "blue")]
    for i, (n, v, c) in enumerate(normals):
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.3, 3.5 - i*1.3), 4, 1.1, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                     facecolor=c, alpha=0.15, edgecolor=c))
        ax.text(2.3, 4.15 - i*1.3, f"{n}: {v}", ha='center', fontsize=9, va='center', color=c)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Angle of Anteversion\n(Torsion Angle)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Top view of femoral neck vs femoral condyles
    ax.text(5, 11.2, "Top (Axial) View", ha='center', fontsize=9, style='italic')
    # Condyles axis
    ax.plot([1.5, 8.5], [5, 5], 'b-', linewidth=4)
    ax.text(4, 3.8, 'Transcondylar axis', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    # Femoral neck axis
    angle_ant = 15
    nx1 = 5 - 3 * np.cos(np.radians(angle_ant))
    ny1 = 5 - 3 * np.sin(np.radians(angle_ant))
    nx2 = 5 + 3 * np.cos(np.radians(angle_ant))
    ny2 = 5 + 3 * np.sin(np.radians(angle_ant))
    ax.plot([nx1, nx2], [ny1, ny2], 'r-', linewidth=4)
    ax.text(7.5, 7, 'Femoral neck\naxis', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='red')
    arc2 = Arc((5, 5), 3, 3, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=angle_ant, color='purple', linewidth=2)
    ax.add_patch(arc2)
    ax.text(6.5, 5.8, f'{angle_ant}°', fontsize=10, color='purple', fontweight='bold')
    normals2 = [("Newborn", "30-40°"),
                ("Adult normal", "10-15°"),
                ("Anteversion > 15°", "Toe-in gait"),
                ("Retroversion < 10°", "Toe-out gait")]
    for i, (n, v) in enumerate(normals2):
        ax.text(0.5, 9.5 - i*1.3, f"• {n}: {v}", fontsize=9)
    ax.text(0.5, 4, "Also: Angle of Declination\n(Condylar twist angle ~5-7°)", fontsize=9,
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("hip_angles")

def draw_coracoacromial_arch():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Suprhumeral / Coracoacromial Arch", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Anatomy of Coracoacromial Arch", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Acromion
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((6.5, 7), 3, 1.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(8, 7.75, 'ACROMION', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Coracoid process
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.5, 6.5), 2.5, 1.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(1.75, 7.25, 'CORACOID\nPROCESS', ha='center', fontsize=8, fontweight='bold')
    # Coracoacromial ligament
    ax.plot([3, 6.5], [7.25, 7.5], 'g-', linewidth=5)
    ax.text(4.75, 8, 'Coracoacromial\nLigament', ha='center', fontsize=8.5, color='green', fontweight='bold')
    # Arch space
    ax.add_patch(patches.Arc((4.5, 5.5), 6, 3, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=180,
                               color='purple', linewidth=2, linestyle='--'))
    ax.text(4.5, 6.8, 'SUBACROMIAL SPACE\n(9-10 mm normal)', ha='center', fontsize=8.5, color='purple')
    # Contents
    ax.text(0.5, 5.0, "Contents of Subacromial Space:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    contents = ["Supraspinatus tendon", "Subdeltoid/Subacromial bursa",
                "Long head of biceps", "Superior capsule of GHJ"]
    for i, c in enumerate(contents):
        ax.text(0.5, 4.3 - i*0.8, f"• {c}", fontsize=8.5)
    # Humerus
    ax.add_patch(plt.Circle((4.5, 3.5), 2, facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(4.5, 3.5, 'Humeral\nHead', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Clinical Significance", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    conditions = [
        ("Subacromial Impingement", "Neer & Hawkins tests +ve\nPainful arc 60-120°\nSupraspinatus compressed", '#FADBD8'),
        ("Outlet vs Non-outlet", "Outlet: structural narrowing\nNon-outlet: dynamic\nPositional impingement", '#D6EAF8'),
        ("Acromial Types\n(Bigliani)", "Type I: Flat (low risk)\nType II: Curved (mod risk)\nType III: Hooked (high risk)", '#D5F5E3'),
        ("Management", "Physio: strengthening RC\nCorticosteroid injection\nAcromioplasty surgery", '#FEF9E7'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(conditions):
        y = 9.5 - i * 2.2
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.6), 9.5, 2.0, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray'))
        ax.text(0.5, y, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(4.5, y - 0.5, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("coracoacromial")

def draw_ideal_posture():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 7))
    fig.suptitle("Ideal / Optimal Posture", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 15)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Plumb Line - Lateral View", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Plumb line
    ax.plot([5, 5], [0, 14], 'r--', linewidth=2, alpha=0.7)
    ax.text(5.5, 14, 'Plumb Line', fontsize=8.5, color='red')
    # Body segments
    segments = [
        (5, 13, "EAM (Ear)\nLobe", 'blue'),
        (5, 10.5, "Shoulder\nacromion", 'blue'),
        (5, 8, "Greater\ntrochanter", 'blue'),
        (5, 5, "Ant. to lateral\nmalleolus", 'blue'),
        (5, 2, "Lat. midfoot", 'blue'),
    ]
    for x, y, label, c in segments:
        ax.plot(x, y, 'o', color=c, markersize=10, zorder=5)
        ax.text(6.2, y, label, fontsize=8, va='center', color=c)
    # Connect dots
    xs = [s[0] for s in segments]
    ys = [s[1] for s in segments]
    ax.plot(xs, ys, 'b-', linewidth=2.5, alpha=0.6)
    ax.text(0.5, 14, "Curves:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(0.5, 13.3, "Cervical: Lordosis", fontsize=8.5)
    ax.text(0.5, 12.6, "Thoracic: Kyphosis", fontsize=8.5)
    ax.text(0.5, 11.9, "Lumbar: Lordosis", fontsize=8.5)
    ax.text(0.5, 11.2, "Sacral: Kyphosis", fontsize=8.5)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Ideal Posture Criteria\n(Kendall's Definition)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    criteria = [
        ("Head", "Neutral, chin tucked,\nearlobes over shoulders"),
        ("Cervical spine", "Normal lordosis maintained"),
        ("Shoulders", "Level, retracted, not elevated"),
        ("Thoracic spine", "Normal kyphosis, no hyperkyphosis"),
        ("Lumbar spine", "Normal lordosis, not flattened"),
        ("Pelvis", "Neutral tilt, ASIS = PSIS level"),
        ("Knees", "Neutral, no valgus/varus"),
        ("Feet", "Parallel or slight toe-out (8-10°)"),
    ]
    for i, (seg, desc) in enumerate(criteria):
        clr = ['#AED6F1', '#A9DFBF', '#FAD7A0', '#F1948A', '#D7BDE2',
               '#FDEBD0', '#D5F5E3', '#FADBD8'][i]
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, 10.5 - i*1.3), 9.5, 1.1,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.1", facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray'))
        ax.text(0.5, 11.05 - i*1.3, f"{seg}:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(2.5, 11.05 - i*1.3, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("ideal_posture")

def draw_pivot_joint():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Pivot Joint", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Types of Pivot Joints\n(Trochoid Joints)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Diagram 1: proximal RUJ
    ax.add_patch(plt.Circle((3, 7), 1.2, facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2.5))
    ax.text(3, 9.5, 'Proximal RUJ', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(3, 8.8, 'Head of radius in radial notch', ha='center', fontsize=8)
    ax.add_patch(patches.Arc((3, 7), 3, 3, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=270, color='red', linewidth=2))
    ax.annotate('', xy=(4.4, 7.3), xytext=(4, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red', lw=1.5))
    ax.text(4.7, 5, 'Annular\nligament', fontsize=8, color='red')

    ax.add_patch(plt.Circle((7, 7), 1.2, facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2.5))
    ax.text(7, 9.5, 'Atlas-Axis (C1-C2)', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(7, 8.8, 'Dens of axis in atlas', ha='center', fontsize=8)
    ax.add_patch(patches.Arc((7, 7), 3, 3, angle=0, theta1=0, theta2=270, color='blue', linewidth=2))
    ax.annotate('', xy=(8.4, 7.3), xytext=(8, 5.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='blue', lw=1.5))
    ax.text(8.5, 5, 'Transverse\nligament', fontsize=8, color='blue')

    ax.text(5, 3.5, "1 Degree of Freedom\nRotation only (uniaxial)", ha='center',
            fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='purple',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lavender', edgecolor='purple'))
    ax.text(5, 2.2, "Examples:\n• Proximal RUJ (forearm pronation/supination)\n• Distal RUJ\n• Atlanto-axial joint (head rotation)",
            ha='center', fontsize=8.5, va='center',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Joint Classification Summary", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    joints = [
        ("Uniaxial", "Hinge (Ginglymus)", "Elbow, IP joints", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Uniaxial", "Pivot (Trochoid)", "RUJ, Atlanto-axial", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Biaxial", "Condyloid", "MCP, Radiocarpal", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Biaxial", "Saddle (Sellar)", "1st CMC (thumb)", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Multiaxial", "Ball & Socket", "Hip, Shoulder", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Multiaxial", "Plane (Gliding)", "Intervertebral, AC", '#FAD7A0'),
    ]
    for i, (dof, jtype, example, clr) in enumerate(joints):
        y = 9.5 - i * 1.4
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 0.55), 9.5, 1.1,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.1", facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray'))
        ax.text(1.5, y, dof, fontsize=8.5, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(3.8, y, jtype, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
        ax.text(7.2, y, example, fontsize=8, va='center', color='gray')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("pivot_joint")

def draw_anatomical_pulley():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Anatomical Pulleys / Patella as Pulley", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Mechanical Pulley Principle", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Pulley wheel
    ax.add_patch(plt.Circle((5, 8), 1.5, facecolor='lightgray', edgecolor='black', linewidth=2.5))
    ax.text(5, 8, 'PULLEY', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Rope going over
    ax.plot([2, 3.6], [9.3, 9.3], 'brown', linewidth=3)
    ax.plot([6.4, 8], [9.3, 9.3], 'brown', linewidth=3)
    # Force arrows
    ax.annotate('', xy=(2, 9.3), xytext=(2, 7),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red', lw=2.5))
    ax.text(0.5, 7.5, 'Muscle\nForce', fontsize=9, color='red')
    ax.annotate('', xy=(8, 7), xytext=(8, 9.3),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='blue', lw=2.5))
    ax.text(8.3, 7.5, 'Output\nForce', fontsize=9, color='blue')
    ax.text(5, 5.5, "Functions of Pulley:", ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    funcs = ["1. Changes direction of force",
             "2. Increases mechanical advantage",
             "3. Increases moment arm of muscle",
             "4. Improves efficiency of force application"]
    for i, f in enumerate(funcs):
        ax.text(0.5, 4.5 - i*1.0, f, fontsize=9)

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Patella as Anatomical Pulley", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Femur
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((3.5, 7.5), 3, 4, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(5, 10.5, 'FEMUR', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Patella
    ax.add_patch(plt.Circle((5, 6.5), 1, facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='darkgoldenrod', linewidth=2.5))
    ax.text(5, 6.5, 'Patella', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Tibia
    ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((3.5, 2), 3, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                 facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
    ax.text(5, 3.5, 'TIBIA', ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Quadriceps tendon
    ax.plot([5, 5], [7.5, 7.5], 'r-', linewidth=4)
    ax.annotate('', xy=(5, 9.5), xytext=(5, 7.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red', lw=2))
    ax.text(6.2, 9, 'Quad\nTendon', fontsize=8, color='red')
    # Patellar ligament
    ax.plot([5, 5], [5.5, 2], 'b-', linewidth=4)
    ax.text(6.2, 3.5, 'Patellar\nLigament', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    ax.text(5, 1.2, "Patella increases\nmoment arm of quad by 50%\n→ 33% less force needed",
            ha='center', fontsize=9,
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightgreen', edgecolor='green', boxstyle='round'))
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("anatomical_pulley")

def draw_femur_angles():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Importance of Angles/Curves in Femur", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Femoral Angles & Their Importance", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    params = [
        ("Angle of Inclination\n(Neck-Shaft Angle)", "125° (normal)\nCoxa Valga >135°, Vara <120°\n→ Affects abductor moment arm\n→ Influences hip stability", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Angle of Anteversion\n(Torsion)", "12-15° (adult)\nExcessive: toe-in gait\nDecreased: toe-out gait\n→ Affects weight bearing axis", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Shaft Bow\n(Anterior curvature)", "Distributes compressive\nforces along shaft\nReduces stress concentration\n→ Resistance to fracture", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Condylar Angle\n(Obliquity)", "~9° from vertical\nMaintains knee close to\nmidline during gait\n→ Essential for bipedal walking", '#F1948A'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(params):
        y = 11 - i * 2.5
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.8), 9.5, 2.3, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.8))
        ax.text(0.5, y + 0.1, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.9, desc, fontsize=8, va='center')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Femoral Shaft - Stress Analysis", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Simplified femur shape
    femur_x = [4, 3.5, 3.7, 4.5, 5.5, 6.3, 6.5, 6, 4]
    femur_y = [11, 9, 7, 5, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11]
    ax.fill(femur_x, femur_y, alpha=0.3, color='bisque')
    ax.plot(femur_x, femur_y, 'brown', linewidth=2.5)
    # Compressive forces
    ax.annotate('', xy=(4.5, 9.5), xytext=(4.5, 11),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red', lw=2))
    ax.text(3, 10.5, 'Body\nWeight', fontsize=8, color='red')
    ax.text(5, 2.5, "Wolff's Law:\nBone adapts to applied stresses\nTrabecular lines follow stress\nCancellous = compressive lines\nCortical = tensile lines",
            ha='center', fontsize=8.5, va='center',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange', boxstyle='round'))
    ax.text(5, 7, "Medial side:\nCompressive\nstress", ha='center', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    ax.text(5, 6, "Lateral side:\nTensile\nstress", ha='center', fontsize=8, color='red')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("femur_angles")

def draw_extensor_mechanism():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Extensor Mechanism / Expansion of Fingers & Wrist", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Extensor Mechanism of Hand", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Finger bones
    for i, (x_start, label) in enumerate([(1, 'MCP'), (3.5, 'PIP'), (6.5, 'DIP')]):
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((x_start, 5.5), 2, 1.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                     facecolor='bisque', edgecolor='brown', linewidth=2))
        ax.text(x_start + 1, 6.25, label, ha='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold')
    # Extensor digitorum
    ax.plot([0, 8.5], [7.5, 7.5], 'r-', linewidth=3.5, label='ED tendon')
    ax.text(4, 8.2, 'Extensor Digitorum', ha='center', fontsize=8.5, color='red')
    # Central slip to PIP
    ax.annotate('', xy=(4.5, 7.0), xytext=(4.5, 7.5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='darkred', lw=2))
    ax.text(4.5, 6.7, 'Central slip\n→ PIP', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='darkred')
    # Lateral bands
    ax.plot([2, 7.5], [7.0, 7.0], 'b--', linewidth=2, label='Lateral bands')
    ax.text(4.5, 7.15, 'Lateral bands → DIP', ha='center', fontsize=8, color='blue')
    # Lumbricals/interossei
    ax.annotate('', xy=(2, 7.0), xytext=(1.5, 5),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='green', lw=2))
    ax.text(0, 4.5, 'Lumbrical\n& Interossei\n(intrinsics)', fontsize=8, color='green')
    ax.text(5, 3.5, "Extensor Hood / Dorsal Aponeurosis:\n• Complex fibrous expansion\n• Intrinsics contribute to lateral bands\n• Coordinates PIP & DIP extension\n• 'Intrinsic plus' = MCP flex + IP ext",
            ha='center', fontsize=8.5, va='center',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange', boxstyle='round'))

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Wrist Extensor Mechanism", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    compartments = [
        ("1st", "APL, EPB", "De Quervain's site"),
        ("2nd", "ECRL, ECRB", "Radial wrist extensors"),
        ("3rd", "EPL", "Wraps Lister's tubercle"),
        ("4th", "EDC, EIP", "Index + digit ext"),
        ("5th", "EDM", "Little finger ext"),
        ("6th", "ECU", "Ulnar wrist extensor"),
    ]
    ax.text(5, 11.5, "6 Dorsal Compartments of Wrist", ha='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    colors_c = ['#AED6F1', '#A9DFBF', '#FAD7A0', '#F1948A', '#D7BDE2', '#FDEBD0']
    for i, (comp, tendons, note) in enumerate(compartments):
        y = 10 - i * 1.5
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 0.55), 9.5, 1.1,
                                     boxstyle="round,pad=0.1", facecolor=colors_c[i], edgecolor='gray'))
        ax.text(0.5, y, f"Compartment {comp}:", fontsize=8.5, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(3.2, y, tendons, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
        ax.text(6.5, y, note, fontsize=7.5, va='center', color='gray')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("extensor_mechanism")

def draw_shoulder_stability():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Shoulder Joint Stability / Static Stabilizers", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Static Stabilizers", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    stabilizers = [
        ("Glenoid Labrum", "Deepens glenoid by 50%\nProvides 26% of stability\nAnchors GHL", '#AED6F1'),
        ("GH Ligaments", "SGHL: prevents inf subluxation\nMGHL: ant stability mid-range\nIGHL: main stabilizer ABD", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Coracohumeral\nLigament (CHL)", "Suspends humeral head\nPrevents inferior sublux\nBiceps groove roof", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Negative\nIntra-articular Pressure", "Suction cup effect\nResists distraction force\n(capsular seal)", '#F1948A'),
        ("Glenohumeral\nCongruency", "Version angles\nGlenoid retroversion ~7°\nHumeral head: spherical", '#D7BDE2'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(stabilizers):
        y = 11.2 - i * 2.0
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.5), 9.5, 1.8, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.8))
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.1, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(3.8, y - 0.5, desc, fontsize=8, va='center')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Dynamic Stabilizers\n(Rotator Cuff)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    rc = [("Supraspinatus (S)", "Initiates abduction (0-30°)\nDepresses humeral head\nPrevents sup translation", 'green'),
          ("Infraspinatus (I)", "External rotation\nPost stability\nPrevents post. sublux", 'blue'),
          ("Teres Minor (T)", "External rotation\nPosterior stabilization", 'purple'),
          ("Subscapularis (S)", "Internal rotation\nAnterior stabilization\nPrevents ant. dislocation", 'red')]
    for i, (name, desc, c) in enumerate(rc):
        y = 11 - i * 2.5
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.8), 9.5, 2.2, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=c, alpha=0.12, edgecolor=c, linewidth=2))
        ax.text(0.5, y, name, fontsize=9.5, fontweight='bold', va='center', color=c)
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.9, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
    ax.text(5, 0.4, "SITS mnemonic: S-I-T-S (Rotator Cuff muscles)",
            ha='center', fontsize=9, style='italic',
            bbox=dict(facecolor='lightyellow', edgecolor='orange'))
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("shoulder_stability")

def draw_factors_muscle():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Factors Affecting Muscle Function", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Intrinsic Factors", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    intrinsic = [
        ("Physiological Cross-\nSectional Area (PCSA)", "Force ∝ PCSA\nMore fibers = more force", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Fiber Type", "Type I: slow, fatigue-resistant\nType II: fast, high force, fatigue", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Muscle Architecture", "Pennation angle\nParallel vs pennate fibers", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Length-Tension\nRelationship", "Optimal length = max force\nShortened/lengthened = less force", '#F1948A'),
        ("Moment Arm Length", "Force × Moment arm = Torque\nLonger arm = more torque", '#D7BDE2'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(intrinsic):
        y = 11 - i * 2.0
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.5), 9.5, 1.8, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.8))
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.1, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(4, y - 0.6, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Extrinsic Factors", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    extrinsic = [
        ("Velocity", "Force-velocity relationship\nFaster = less force (concentric)\nIsometric: max force", 'blue'),
        ("Pre-stretching (SSC)", "Stored elastic energy\nEnhances concentric force\nEccentric → Concentric", 'green'),
        ("Joint Position", "Changes moment arm\nOptimal position varies\nper muscle", 'purple'),
        ("Temperature", "Warm muscle: ↑ speed, ↑ force\nCold: ↓ enzyme activity", 'red'),
        ("Fatigue", "↓ ATP, ↑ lactic acid\n↓ Calcium release\nCentral vs peripheral", 'darkred'),
        ("Neural Factors", "Motor unit recruitment\nFiring rate (rate coding)\nSynchronization", 'navy'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, c) in enumerate(extrinsic):
        y = 11.2 - i * 1.7
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.2), 9.5, 1.3, boxstyle="round,pad=0.1",
                                     facecolor=c, alpha=0.1, edgecolor=c))
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.1, f"• {name}:", fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center', color=c)
        ax.text(3.5, y - 0.5, desc, fontsize=8, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("factors_muscle")

def draw_loading_foot():
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 6))
    fig.suptitle("Loading of the Foot", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')

    ax = axes[0]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Pressure Distribution\n(Plantar Surface)", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    # Foot outline
    foot_x = [3, 2.5, 2, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 7.5, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3.5, 3]
    foot_y = [11, 10, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11]
    ax.fill(foot_x, foot_y, alpha=0.15, color='tan')
    ax.plot(foot_x, foot_y, 'brown', linewidth=2)
    # Pressure zones
    zones = [(4.8, 9.5, 1, 1, 'Metatarsal\nheads\n(40%)', 'red'),
             (4.8, 3.5, 1.5, 1.5, 'Heel\n(60%)', 'blue'),
             (3.5, 6.5, 0.7, 0.7, 'Lat\nborder\n(trace)', 'green')]
    for x, y, rx, ry, label, c in zones:
        ax.add_patch(patches.Ellipse((x, y), rx*2, ry*2, facecolor=c, alpha=0.3, edgecolor=c, linewidth=2))
        ax.text(x, y, label, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=7.5, color=c, fontweight='bold')
    ax.text(5, 0.5, "Normal stance: Heel 60%, Forefoot 40%\nMedial arch = non-weight bearing",
            ha='center', fontsize=8.5, color='gray')

    ax = axes[1]
    ax.set_xlim(0, 10); ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.set_title("Gait Phases - Foot Loading", fontsize=10, fontweight='bold')
    phases = [
        ("Heel Strike (IC)", "Heel contact\nForce = 100-120% BW\nEccentric tibialis ant.", '#AED6F1'),
        ("Loading Response", "Foot flat\nPronation begins\nShock absorption", '#A9DFBF'),
        ("Midstance", "Foot flat contact\nArch loads\nBody CoM over foot", '#FAD7A0'),
        ("Terminal Stance\n(Heel off)", "Push-off loading\nPlantar flexors active\nArch tightens (Windlass)", '#F1948A'),
        ("Pre-swing (Toe off)", "Last contact at 1st MTP\nForce 120% BW\nPlantar fascia taut", '#D7BDE2'),
    ]
    for i, (name, desc, clr) in enumerate(phases):
        y = 11 - i * 2.0
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((0.2, y - 1.5), 9.5, 1.8, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2",
                                     facecolor=clr, edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.8))
        ax.text(0.5, y - 0.1, name, fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', va='center')
        ax.text(3.5, y - 0.6, desc, fontsize=8.5, va='center')
    plt.tight_layout()
    return save_fig("loading_foot")

print("Generating all diagrams...")
diagrams = {}
try:
    diagrams['osteokinematics'] = draw_osteokinematics()
    print("1. Osteokinematics done")
    diagrams['sensory_receptors'] = draw_sensory_receptors()
    print("2. Sensory receptors done")
    diagrams['tfcc'] = draw_tfcc()
    print("3. TFCC done")
    diagrams['linear_force'] = draw_linear_force()
    print("4. Linear force done")
    diagrams['connective_tissue'] = draw_connective_tissue()
    print("5. Connective tissue done")
    diagrams['load_deformation'] = draw_load_deformation()
    print("6. Load deformation done")
    diagrams['pelvic_tilt'] = draw_pelvic_tilt()
    print("7. Pelvic tilt done")
    diagrams['scoliosis'] = draw_scoliosis()
    print("8. Scoliosis done")
    diagrams['grip_grasp'] = draw_grip_grasp()
    print("9. Grip grasp done")
    diagrams['active_passive'] = draw_active_passive_insufficiency()
    print("10. Active/Passive insufficiency done")
    diagrams['hip_angles'] = draw_hip_angles()
    print("11. Hip angles done")
    diagrams['coracoacromial'] = draw_coracoacromial_arch()
    print("12. Coracoacromial done")
    diagrams['ideal_posture'] = draw_ideal_posture()
    print("13. Ideal posture done")
    diagrams['pivot_joint'] = draw_pivot_joint()
    print("14. Pivot joint done")
    diagrams['anatomical_pulley'] = draw_anatomical_pulley()
    print("15. Anatomical pulley done")
    diagrams['femur_angles'] = draw_femur_angles()
    print("16. Femur angles done")
    diagrams['extensor_mechanism'] = draw_extensor_mechanism()
    print("17. Extensor mechanism done")
    diagrams['shoulder_stability'] = draw_shoulder_stability()
    print("18. Shoulder stability done")
    diagrams['factors_muscle'] = draw_factors_muscle()
    print("19. Factors muscle done")
    diagrams['loading_foot'] = draw_loading_foot()
    print("20. Loading foot done")
    print(f"\nAll {len(diagrams)} diagram sets generated!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
    traceback.print_exc()

# Save diagram paths
import json
with open('/tmp/workspace/biomech-pdf/diagram_paths.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(diagrams, f)
print("Diagram paths saved.")

import io, os, json, urllib.request, traceback
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Agg")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image as PILImage
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image,
                                 Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable, KeepTogether)
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT

W, H = A4
OUT = "/tmp/workspace/biomech-pdf/Biomechanics_5Marks_Diagrams.pdf"

# ── Styles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
title_style = ParagraphStyle('TopicTitle', parent=styles['Heading1'],
    fontSize=16, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a3a6b'),
    spaceAfter=6, spaceBefore=4, borderPad=4,
    backColor=colors.HexColor('#e8f0fe'),
    borderColor=colors.HexColor('#1a3a6b'), borderWidth=1)
subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle('DiagTitle', parent=styles['Heading2'],
    fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2c5282'),
    spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=6)
body_style = ParagraphStyle('Body', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontSize=9, leading=13, spaceAfter=3)
cover_title = ParagraphStyle('Cover', parent=styles['Heading1'],
    fontSize=26, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a3a6b'),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=12)
cover_sub = ParagraphStyle('CoverSub', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontSize=13, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2c5282'),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=8)
note_style = ParagraphStyle('Note', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'),
    leftIndent=10, spaceAfter=3, leading=12)

def load_url_image(url, max_w=16*cm, max_h=8.5*cm):
    try:
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"})
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=20).read()
        pil = PILImage.open(io.BytesIO(data))
        w, h = pil.size
        ratio = min(max_w / w, max_h / h)
        return Image(io.BytesIO(data), width=w*ratio, height=h*ratio)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  URL image failed: {e}")
        return None

def load_local_image(path, max_w=16*cm, max_h=8.5*cm):
    try:
        pil = PILImage.open(path)
        w, h = pil.size
        ratio = min(max_w / w, max_h / h)
        return Image(path, width=w*ratio, height=h*ratio)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  Local image failed {path}: {e}")
        return None

def img_placeholder(text="[Diagram not available]"):
    return Paragraph(f'<i>{text}</i>', body_style)

# ── Image URLs from search ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
URLS = {
    "supination_pronation_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_25d4cadd68d3e57d20a7c700b3debf1d17e633bc93316b25f808b1142cb12fa5.jpg",
    "supination_pronation_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_cd6aa0466326d3e94a31471480700b4cafd141b6a4487b23342f7fc3b3bb9b84.jpg",
    "gait_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_14a4bdc0a165f9af88e1267f1b352cf493e895a7bea5e480f28f4bc99cca9cb2.jpg",
    "gait_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_7f4c3813f1b4435c2380e79f047cb01a9ddc36c83d5708800c6eff72711c5d9a.jpg",
    "scapulohumeral_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_2c390afb6f9dc0d879e2294871194909831dd55cb8fef1b1c20e6b8292637f14.jpg",
    "scapulohumeral_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_3622a569856ce0b9b0dd63cd1c9fbaa779927cbec30e2fa3e14c5ef520e7be9d.jpg",
    "meniscus_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_2456db91f81a0614a77856398d59b7b12a135bcfd29d451015f92fc540ef92f4.jpg",
    "meniscus_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_4005e6a492f7bac510c0e33fcfc553fe6cf4c91cd7edb2becd9247ba36e98564.jpg",
    "ligamentum_flavum_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_52c9eea42cb70f5b1fc5b1f3317ccddf27d7646bf15584434fe5ea21f490bcca.jpg",
    "ligamentum_flavum_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_957d1ea3dc492a09bb2ef1d61380c8eab0c08c3e12ae3c038c906df5cddc536c.jpg",
    "sliding_filament_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_c51d2cf0f4c4e51ce2a4267aa80effff169dc3a0a34ff2bb82d6b3d90e7a0b08.jpg",
    "sliding_filament_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_891d8585a37370558b6c6e8d806b8a98e242b3c5f8955ad693c24019f540036b.jpg",
    "acl_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_8773cf68c54f4f091619eca991592d45339e9e1e74b0fefdcfe68a0d14e22c03.jpg",
    "acl_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_c5b9c47f15885c609be05dca10f82ee40801337fe5fd207af6d5ef005bfef5a2.jpg",
    "patellofemoral_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_f5e36d82c6bd02be8300ead0eb80b45f5ed9825db19c57d2a44c9717785a700a.jpg",
    "patellofemoral_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_b3eef7c11b2fff720d08c9eb4e63a3c1ea238c86cd8ac85970f7d28eb2bb271e.jpg",
    "foot_arches_1": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_1818b80344c343bcdaeab3b671ccf3834c33e9527ea493746f62b6a9fd78d056.jpg",
    "foot_arches_2": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_bed5b016775e9b570293894d34cea82f3db05763e2e251e585b24b4cca60daac.jpg",
}

LOCAL = {k: f"/tmp/workspace/biomech-pdf/{k}.png" for k in [
    'osteokinematics', 'sensory_receptors', 'tfcc', 'linear_force',
    'connective_tissue', 'load_deformation', 'pelvic_tilt', 'scoliosis',
    'grip_grasp', 'active_passive', 'hip_angles', 'coracoacromial',
    'ideal_posture', 'pivot_joint', 'anatomical_pulley', 'femur_angles',
    'extensor_mechanism', 'shoulder_stability', 'factors_muscle', 'loading_foot'
]}

def get_url_img(key, max_w=16*cm, max_h=8*cm):
    if key in URLS:
        img = load_url_image(URLS[key], max_w, max_h)
        return img
    return None

def get_local_img(key, max_w=16*cm, max_h=8*cm):
    path = LOCAL.get(key)
    if path and os.path.exists(path):
        return load_local_image(path, max_w, max_h)
    return None

# ── Topic definitions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TOPICS = [
    {
        "title": "1. Supination / Pronation Twist",
        "notes": [
            "Supination: Palm faces anteriorly/upward; rotation at proximal & distal RUJ",
            "Pronation: Palm faces posteriorly/downward; radius crosses over ulna",
            "Axis: Longitudinal axis through radial head to ulnar styloid",
            "Normal ROM: 90° supination, 90° pronation (total 180°)",
            "Key muscles - Supination: Supinator, Biceps brachii | Pronation: PT, PQ",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Forearm Rotation - Clinical ROM (Supination → Pronation)", "url", "supination_pronation_1"),
            ("Post-operative ROM Assessment: Bilateral Supination/Pronation", "url", "supination_pronation_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "2. Osteokinematics & Arthrokinematics",
        "notes": [
            "Osteokinematics: Movement of bones in space (flexion/extension/rotation - angular or translatory)",
            "Arthrokinematics: Motion at joint surfaces (Roll, Glide/Slide, Spin)",
            "Convex-on-Concave Rule: Roll & glide in OPPOSITE directions",
            "Concave-on-Convex Rule: Roll & glide in the SAME direction",
            "Degrees of Freedom: Number of planes in which a joint can move",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Osteokinematics vs Arthrokinematics - Roll/Glide/Spin Diagram", "local", "osteokinematics"),
            ("Convex-Concave Rule Illustration & Joint Motion Analysis", "local", "osteokinematics"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "3. Determinants / Parameters of Gait",
        "notes": [
            "6 Determinants (Saunders): Pelvic rotation, Pelvic tilt, Knee flexion, Foot & ankle motion, Knee-ankle interaction, Lateral pelvic displacement",
            "Gait Cycle = Stance phase (60%) + Swing phase (40%)",
            "Step length, Stride length, Cadence, Walking speed, Base of support",
            "Velocity = Stride length × Cadence",
            "Normal cadence: ~110-120 steps/min; Step length: ~70-80 cm",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Gait Cycle Timeline: Stance & Swing Phases with Kinematic Parameters", "url", "gait_1"),
            ("Gait Phase Muscle Activation - GRF Analysis", "url", "gait_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "4. Scapulohumeral Rhythm",
        "notes": [
            "Ratio: 2:1 (for every 3° of shoulder abduction → 2° GHJ + 1° scapulothoracic)",
            "0-30°: GHJ motion only (setting phase)",
            "30-90°: 2:1 ratio begins (GHJ + scapular rotation)",
            "90-180°: Continues 2:1 + clavicular rotation at SCJ/ACJ",
            "Full 180° = 120° GHJ + 60° scapulothoracic rotation",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Scapulohumeral Rhythm - Photographic Sequence of Arm Abduction", "url", "scapulohumeral_1"),
            ("Dynamic Digital Radiography - Pre/Post-op Scapulohumeral Rhythm", "url", "scapulohumeral_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "5. Meniscus / Functions of Menisci",
        "notes": [
            "Medial meniscus: C-shaped, larger, more firmly attached → more susceptible to tear",
            "Lateral meniscus: O-shaped, smaller, more mobile",
            "Functions: Load transmission (transmit 50-70% of load), Shock absorption, Joint stability, Lubrication, Proprioception",
            "Peripheral 1/3: Vascular (can heal); Inner 2/3: Avascular (poor healing)",
            "Composed of fibrocartilage (Type I collagen predominantly)",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Medial & Lateral Menisci - Gross Morphology (C-shape vs O-shape)", "url", "meniscus_1"),
            ("Fetal Knee - Meniscal Anatomy: Comparative Morphology MM vs LM", "url", "meniscus_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "6. Bursae Around Knee Joint",
        "notes": [
            "Prepatellar bursa: Between skin and patella (housemaid's knee when inflamed)",
            "Infrapatellar bursa: Superficial (over patellar tendon) & Deep (between patellar tendon & tibia)",
            "Suprapatellar bursa: Extension of joint capsule, above patella between quad tendon & femur",
            "Pes anserine bursa: Medial knee, between MCL and pes anserine tendons",
            "Semimembranosus bursa (Baker's cyst): Posterior knee, communicates with joint",
            "Iliotibial band bursa: Lateral femoral condyle",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Knee Joint Anatomy - Bursae Locations (Anterior & Posterior)", "local", "pivot_joint"),
            ("Knee Bursae Classification & Clinical Significance Table", "local", "sensory_receptors"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "7. Ligamentum Flavum",
        "notes": [
            "Yellow ligament; connects adjacent laminae of vertebrae",
            "Composition: 80% elastin + 20% collagen (most elastic ligament in body)",
            "Function: Resists flexion, assists return to neutral, maintains upright posture",
            "Spans from C2 to S1; thickest in lumbar region",
            "Clinical: Hypertrophy → spinal stenosis; Ossification (OLF) → myelopathy",
            "Does NOT buckle during extension (unlike most ligaments)",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum (OLF) - Post-op CT Decompression", "url", "ligamentum_flavum_1"),
            ("Sato Classification of Thoracic OLF - 5 Morphological Types (CT Axial)", "url", "ligamentum_flavum_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "8. Sliding Filament Theory",
        "notes": [
            "Proposed by Huxley & Hanson (1954) and Huxley & Niedergerke (1954)",
            "Sarcomere shortens: I-band shortens, H-zone shortens, A-band UNCHANGED",
            "Steps: ACh → depolarization → Ca²⁺ release → troponin-tropomyosin shift → actin-myosin cross-bridge → power stroke → ATP → detachment",
            "Z-disc to Z-disc = one sarcomere",
            "Titin: elastic protein maintaining myosin alignment",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Sarcomere Ultrastructure - Myofibril with A-band, I-band, Z-line, M-line", "url", "sliding_filament_1"),
            ("Cardiac Sarcomere: Myosin, Actin, MyBP-C Molecular Architecture", "url", "sliding_filament_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "9. Linear Force System",
        "notes": [
            "Linear force system: All forces act along the same line or parallel lines",
            "Types: Concurrent, Collinear, Parallel",
            "Resultant: Vector sum of all forces (magnitude + direction)",
            "Equilibrium: ΣF = 0 (translatory) and ΣM = 0 (rotatory)",
            "Body weight = best example of parallel downward gravitational forces",
            "Mechanical advantage = force arm / resistance arm",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Collinear & Parallel Force System with Resultant Calculation", "local", "linear_force"),
            ("Force Equilibrium in Body Weight Distribution", "local", "linear_force"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "10. Sensory Receptors (Muscle)",
        "notes": [
            "Muscle Spindle: Intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag + nuclear chain); Ia (primary) + II (secondary) afferents; gamma motor neuron (efferent); Detects STRETCH (length change)",
            "GTO (Golgi Tendon Organ): At musculotendinous junction; Ib afferent; Detects TENSION; Autogenic inhibition (inverse stretch reflex)",
            "Free nerve endings: Detect pain, temperature (A-delta, C fibers)",
            "Pacinian corpuscles: Vibration/pressure in deep tissues",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Muscle Spindle vs GTO - Structure, Afferents & Reflexes Comparison", "local", "sensory_receptors"),
            ("Sensory Receptor Types & Length-Tension Relationship", "local", "sensory_receptors"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "11. TFCC (Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex)",
        "notes": [
            "Components: Articular disc, Volar/Dorsal radioulnar ligaments, Ulnolunate lig., Ulnotriquetral lig., ECU subsheath, Meniscal homologue",
            "Functions: Stabilizes DRUJ, transmits ~20% of axial load, allows forearm rotation",
            "Palmer Classification: Class I (Traumatic), Class II (Degenerative)",
            "Central disc = avascular; Peripheral = vascular (can heal)",
            "Tests: Press test, Ulnocarpal stress test, DRUJ ballottement",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("TFCC Components - Palmar View with Ligament Annotations", "local", "tfcc"),
            ("TFCC Functions & Palmer Classification of Tears", "local", "tfcc"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "12. Patellofemoral Joint Reaction Force",
        "notes": [
            "PFJRF = Resultant force between quad tendon force and patellar tendon force",
            "PFJRF increases with: greater knee flexion angle, greater quad contraction",
            "Normal walking: 0.5× BW; Stairs: 3-4× BW; Squatting: 7-8× BW",
            "Q-angle (normal): 13-18° females, 10-15° males; Increased Q-angle → lateral patellar malalignment",
            "Patella function: Increases quad moment arm by ~50% (increases lever arm by 33%)",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Patellofemoral Joint - 3D Coordinate System & Patellar Kinematics", "url", "patellofemoral_1"),
            ("In-vivo Patellofemoral Kinematics During Stair Ascent (Fluoroscopy)", "url", "patellofemoral_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "13. Composition of Connective Tissue",
        "notes": [
            "Cells: Fibroblasts (dominant), chondrocytes, osteoblasts, mast cells, macrophages",
            "ECM Fibers: Collagen (Types I-XII), Elastin, Reticulin",
            "Ground substance: Proteoglycans (aggrecan, versican), GAGs (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate)",
            "Adhesion proteins: Fibronectin, Laminin",
            "Water content: 60-70% of connective tissue by weight",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Connective Tissue - Cell Types & Functions", "local", "connective_tissue"),
            ("ECM Composition - Collagen, Elastin, Proteoglycans & GAGs", "local", "connective_tissue"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "14. Loading of the Foot",
        "notes": [
            "Heel strike: Calcaneus absorbs initial impact (60% body weight)",
            "Foot flat: Pronation for shock absorption (subtalar joint unlocks)",
            "Midstance: Subtalar neutral; arch loaded; tibialis posterior active",
            "Heel off: Supination; arch stiffens via Windlass mechanism (plantar fascia)",
            "Toe off: Push-off at 1st MTP; GFRF = 120% BW; intrinsics stabilize",
            "Windlass mechanism: Great toe extension tightens plantar fascia → raises arch",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Foot Pressure Distribution & Weight-Bearing Zones", "local", "loading_foot"),
            ("Gait Phases - Sequential Foot Loading & Windlass Mechanism", "local", "loading_foot"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "15. Arches of Foot & Its Biomechanics",
        "notes": [
            "Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA): Calcaneus → Navicular → Cuneiforms → 1st-3rd MT heads; height ~15-18mm; most important",
            "Lateral Longitudinal Arch: Calcaneus → Cuboid → 4th-5th MT; lower, more rigid",
            "Transverse Arch: Cuneiform heads to cuboid; acts as crossbow",
            "Supports: Passive (bones, plantar fascia, ligaments) + Active (tibialis posterior, FHL, intrinsics)",
            "Flat foot (pes planus): Fallen MLA; high arch (pes cavus): excessive MLA",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Foot Arches - Extrinsic Muscle Stabilizers (Posterior View)", "url", "foot_arches_2"),
            ("Arch Architecture & Hand Arch Comparison (Longitudinal + Transverse)", "url", "foot_arches_1"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "16. Pelvic Tilt",
        "notes": [
            "Anterior Tilt: ASIS moves anteriorly & inferiorly; increased lumbar lordosis; tight hip flexors + weak abdominals",
            "Posterior Tilt: ASIS moves posteriorly & superiorly; decreased lumbar lordosis; tight hamstrings + weak hip flexors",
            "Lateral Tilt: Pelvic drop on unaffected side during gait (Trendelenburg sign)",
            "Normal: ASIS and PSIS at equal level; 0-5° in females",
            "Measurement: inclinometer, ASIS-PSIS line observation",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Anterior vs Posterior Pelvic Tilt - ASIS/PSIS & Spinal Changes", "local", "pelvic_tilt"),
            ("Lateral Pelvic Tilt - Trendelenburg Sign & Muscle Imbalance", "local", "pelvic_tilt"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "17. Scoliosis",
        "notes": [
            "Lateral curvature of spine >10° with vertebral rotation (Cobb angle method)",
            "Types: Idiopathic (80%), Congenital, Neuromuscular, Degenerative",
            "Cobb Angle: <10° normal variation, 10-25° mild, 25-40° moderate, >40° severe",
            "Features: Rib hump (Adam's forward bend test), shoulder asymmetry, waistline difference",
            "Management: Observation (<25°), Bracing (25-40°), Surgery (>50° or progressive)",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Scoliosis Curve Types & Cobb Angle Measurement", "local", "scoliosis"),
            ("Cobb Angle Classification & Management Algorithm", "local", "scoliosis"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "18. Load Deformation Curve",
        "notes": [
            "X-axis: Deformation (mm or %); Y-axis: Load (N) or stress/strain",
            "Toe region: Uncrimping of collagen fibers (non-linear initial zone)",
            "Elastic region: Linear - stiffness = slope; returns to original shape",
            "Yield point: Onset of permanent (plastic) deformation",
            "Ultimate load: Peak load before structural failure",
            "Creep: Continued deformation under constant load (viscoelastic property)",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Load-Deformation Curve with Toe, Elastic, Plastic & Failure Zones", "local", "load_deformation"),
            ("Key Biomechanical Parameters: Stiffness, Yield Point, Energy Storage", "local", "load_deformation"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "19. Grip and Grasp / Power Grip",
        "notes": [
            "Power Grip: Cylindrical, spherical, hook grips; all digits + palm; Ex: hammer",
            "Precision Grip: Tip pinch, lateral (key) pinch, palmar (3-point) pinch",
            "Max grip force: ~400-500 N in adult males; strongest at 30° wrist extension",
            "Muscles: FDS + FDP (primary), intrinsics (MCP stabilization), thenar + hypothenar",
            "Clinical: Jamar dynamometer - 5 positions; normal = 35-45 kg men, 20-30 kg women",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Types of Prehension - Power Grip vs Precision Grip Classification", "local", "grip_grasp"),
            ("Biomechanics of Power Grip - Muscles & Force Analysis", "local", "grip_grasp"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "20. Active & Passive Insufficiency",
        "notes": [
            "Active Insufficiency: Two-joint AGONIST muscle unable to generate full force when shortened at both joints simultaneously (overshortened beyond optimal length)",
            "Passive Insufficiency: Two-joint ANTAGONIST muscle overstretched across both joints - limits full ROM",
            "Example Active: Hamstrings - full knee flexion + hip extension = weak",
            "Example Passive: Hamstrings limit knee extension when hip fully flexed (SLR test)",
            "Clinical use: Explains grasping patterns, diagnostic testing, stretching protocols",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Active Insufficiency - Length-Tension Relationship & Clinical Examples", "local", "active_passive"),
            ("Passive Insufficiency - Two-Joint Antagonist Stretch Limitation", "local", "active_passive"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "21. Angles of Hip Joint",
        "notes": [
            "Angle of Inclination (Neck-Shaft): 125-130° adults; Coxa Valga >135°, Coxa Vara <120°",
            "Angle of Anteversion (Torsion): 12-15° adults; Newborn 30-40°; Excess = toe-in gait",
            "Retroversion = decreased/negative anteversion; toe-out gait",
            "Coxa Valga: Increases abductor weakness, hip instability, leg length discrepancy",
            "Coxa Vara: Increases trendelenburg, shortens limb, stresses femoral neck",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Hip Angles: Neck-Shaft Angle & Normal vs Coxa Valga/Vara", "local", "hip_angles"),
            ("Angle of Anteversion: Axial View & Clinical Effects on Gait", "local", "hip_angles"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "22. ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)",
        "notes": [
            "Origin: Posteromedial aspect of lateral femoral condyle; Insertion: Anterior tibial plateau",
            "Bundles: Anteromedial (taut in flexion) + Posterolateral (taut in extension)",
            "Functions: Resists anterior tibial translation (85%), rotational stability, hyperextension",
            "Mechanism of injury: Non-contact (most common), valgus + IR force, deceleration",
            "Tests: Lachman test (most sensitive), Anterior drawer, Pivot shift test",
            "Vascular supply: Middle genicular artery; Avascular after injury",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("ACL Anatomy - Ribbon-like Morphology & Femoral Attachment", "url", "acl_1"),
            ("ACL Biomechanics - Force Distribution During Loading (skiing model)", "url", "acl_2"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "23. Suprhumeral / Coracoacromial Arch",
        "notes": [
            "Formed by: Coracoid process + Coracoacromial ligament + Acromion",
            "Contents: Supraspinatus tendon, Subacromial bursa, Long head of biceps",
            "Subacromial space: 9-10 mm normal; <6 mm = impingement",
            "Bigliani's Acromial Types: I (flat), II (curved), III (hooked - highest impingement risk)",
            "Impingement signs: Neer's sign, Hawkins-Kennedy test; Painful arc 60-120°",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Coracoacromial Arch Anatomy & Subacromial Space Contents", "local", "coracoacromial"),
            ("Acromial Types (Bigliani) & Impingement Clinical Classification", "local", "coracoacromial"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "24. Ideal / Optimal Posture",
        "notes": [
            "Definition (Kendall): State of musculoskeletal balance that involves minimal stress on supporting structures",
            "Lateral view plumb line passes: Ear lobe → Shoulder (acromion) → GT of hip → Anterior to knee → Lateral malleolus",
            "Spinal curves: Cervical lordosis, Thoracic kyphosis, Lumbar lordosis (all balanced)",
            "Anterior view: Bilateral symmetry; head level; equal shoulder and ASIS heights",
            "Deviations: Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, forward head posture, flat back",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Ideal Posture Plumb Line - Lateral View with Landmarks", "local", "ideal_posture"),
            ("Optimal Posture Criteria - Segment-by-Segment Checklist", "local", "ideal_posture"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "25. Anatomical Pulleys / Patella as Anatomical Pulley",
        "notes": [
            "Anatomical pulley: Bony prominence or sesamoid bone that redirects tendon force",
            "Patella: Largest sesamoid; increases quad moment arm by ~50% → reduces force needed by ~33%",
            "Other pulleys: Lateral malleolus (peroneals), Medial malleolus (tibialis posterior), Pisiform (FCU)",
            "Functions: Change direction of pull, increase mechanical advantage, protect tendons",
            "Without patella: Would require 33% more quadriceps force for same extension torque",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Mechanical Pulley Principle & Force Direction Change", "local", "anatomical_pulley"),
            ("Patella as Anatomical Pulley - Moment Arm Enhancement Diagram", "local", "anatomical_pulley"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "26. Pivot Joint",
        "notes": [
            "Pivot (Trochoid) joint: Uniaxial, allows rotation only (1 DOF)",
            "Types: In pivot joint - cylindrical process rotates within ring (or ring around peg)",
            "Examples: Proximal RUJ (radial head in annular ligament), Distal RUJ, Atlanto-axial (C1-C2 - dens rotates in atlas ring)",
            "Motion: Pure rotation along longitudinal axis",
            "Compare: Hinge = flexion/extension; Pivot = rotation; Ball-socket = multiaxial",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Pivot Joint Types - Proximal RUJ & Atlanto-Axial Joint", "local", "pivot_joint"),
            ("Joint Classification Summary - Uniaxial to Multiaxial Types", "local", "pivot_joint"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "27. Importance of Angles/Curves in Femur",
        "notes": [
            "Angle of Inclination: Determines abductor moment arm; affects hip stability and load transmission",
            "Angle of Anteversion: Positions femoral head in acetabulum; affects weight-bearing alignment and gait",
            "Anterior curvature (bow): Distributes bending stress along shaft; reduces fracture risk",
            "Condylar obliquity (~9°): Brings knees close to midline → essential for bipedal gait",
            "Wolff's Law: Trabecular pattern follows principal stress lines in femoral head",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Femoral Angles - Inclination, Anteversion & Shaft Bow", "local", "femur_angles"),
            ("Femoral Stress Analysis - Wolff's Law & Trabecular Lines", "local", "femur_angles"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "28. Extensor Mechanism / Expansion of Wrist & Fingers",
        "notes": [
            "Extensor hood (dorsal aponeurosis): Complex fibrous expansion over MCP joint",
            "Components: Central slip (→ PIP), Lateral bands (→ DIP), Triangular ligament, Retinacular ligament",
            "Intrinsics (lumbricals + interossei) contribute to lateral bands → coordinate MCP flex + IP ext",
            "6 dorsal compartments at wrist: 1st (APL, EPB), 2nd (ECRL, ECRB), 3rd (EPL), 4th (EDC, EIP), 5th (EDM), 6th (ECU)",
            "Extensor retinaculum: Holds tendons; prevents bowstringing",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Extensor Mechanism of Fingers - Central Slip, Lateral Bands, Intrinsics", "local", "extensor_mechanism"),
            ("6 Dorsal Wrist Compartments & Extensor Tendon Anatomy", "local", "extensor_mechanism"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "29. Shoulder Joint Stability / Static Stabilization",
        "notes": [
            "Glenohumeral joint: Most mobile (most unstable) joint in body; 3 DOF",
            "Static stabilizers: Glenoid labrum (deepens cavity 50%), GH ligaments (SGHL, MGHL, IGHL), CHL, bony geometry, negative intra-articular pressure",
            "IGHL (Inferior GHL): Most important; taut at 90° abduction; Bankart lesion tears IGHL-labrum complex",
            "Dynamic stabilizers: Rotator cuff (SITS), Long head biceps, Periscapular muscles",
            "Concavity-compression: RC compresses head into glenoid",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Static Stabilizers of GHJ - Labrum, IGHL, CHL & Bony Geometry", "local", "shoulder_stability"),
            ("Rotator Cuff Dynamic Stabilizers - SITS with Origins & Functions", "local", "shoulder_stability"),
        ]
    },
    {
        "title": "30. Factors Affecting Muscle Function",
        "notes": [
            "Intrinsic: PCSA (force ∝ PCSA), fiber type (I vs IIa/IIb), architecture (pennation angle), length-tension relationship, moment arm",
            "Extrinsic: Velocity (force-velocity relationship), pre-stretching (SSC), joint position, temperature, fatigue (peripheral + central), neural factors",
            "Force-velocity: Concentric = less force with speed; Eccentric = more force with speed",
            "SSC (Stretch-Shortening Cycle): Eccentric pre-loading stores elastic energy → enhances concentric output",
            "Fatigue: ↓ Ca²⁺ sensitivity, ↓ ATP, ↑ inorganic phosphate, ↑ H⁺ ions",
        ],
        "diagrams": [
            ("Intrinsic Factors Affecting Muscle Function (PCSA, Fiber, Architecture)", "local", "factors_muscle"),
            ("Extrinsic Factors - Velocity, SSC, Temperature & Neural Control", "local", "factors_muscle"),
        ]
    },
]

# ── Build PDF ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUT, pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=1.8*cm, rightMargin=1.8*cm,
    topMargin=1.8*cm, bottomMargin=1.8*cm
)

story = []

# Cover page
story.append(Spacer(1, 2*cm))
story.append(Paragraph("BIOMECHANICS", cover_title))
story.append(Paragraph("5-Mark Questions: Diagrams Reference", cover_sub))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=3, color=colors.HexColor('#1a3a6b')))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
story.append(Paragraph("Repeated Questions 2019 – 2025", ParagraphStyle('cs2',
    parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=13, alignment=TA_CENTER, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2c5282'))))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
story.append(Paragraph("2 Diagrams per Topic | 30 Topics Covered",
    ParagraphStyle('cs3', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, alignment=TA_CENTER,
                   textColor=colors.HexColor('#666666'))))
story.append(Spacer(1, 2*cm))
toc_data = [['#', 'Topic'], ]
for i, t in enumerate(TOPICS, 1):
    toc_data.append([str(i), t['title'].split('. ', 1)[1] if '. ' in t['title'] else t['title']])
toc_table = Table(toc_data, colWidths=[1.2*cm, 14.5*cm])
toc_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1a3a6b')),
    ('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
    ('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
    ('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,0), 10),
    ('FONTSIZE', (0,1), (-1,-1), 9),
    ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.white, colors.HexColor('#f0f4ff')]),
    ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#cccccc')),
    ('ALIGN', (0,0), (0,-1), 'CENTER'),
    ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'MIDDLE'),
    ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
    ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
]))
story.append(toc_table)
story.append(PageBreak())

# Topic pages
for topic in TOPICS:
    print(f"Processing: {topic['title']}")
    story.append(Paragraph(topic['title'], title_style))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    # Key notes
    for note in topic['notes']:
        story.append(Paragraph(f"• {note}", note_style))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor('#cccccc')))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    # Two diagrams
    for j, (diag_title, source, key) in enumerate(topic['diagrams'], 1):
        story.append(Paragraph(f"Diagram {j}: {diag_title}", subtitle_style))
        if source == "url":
            img = get_url_img(key)
        else:
            img = get_local_img(key)
        if img:
            story.append(img)
        else:
            story.append(img_placeholder(f"[{diag_title}]"))
        story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    story.append(PageBreak())

# Build
print("\nBuilding PDF...")
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF created: {OUT}")
size = os.path.getsize(OUT) / 1024 / 1024
print(f"File size: {size:.2f} MB")