from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor, Cm
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
import copy

doc = Document()

# ── Page margins ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin    = Cm(2.5)
section.bottom_margin = Cm(2.5)
section.left_margin   = Cm(3.0)
section.right_margin  = Cm(2.5)

# ── Base styles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
normal = doc.styles["Normal"]
normal.font.name = "Calibri"
normal.font.size = Pt(11)

def set_heading_style(paragraph, level=1, color="1F3864", size=16):
    paragraph.style = doc.styles[f"Heading {level}"]
    run = paragraph.runs[0] if paragraph.runs else paragraph.add_run(paragraph.text)
    for r in paragraph.runs:
        r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color)
        r.font.size = Pt(size)
        r.font.bold = True

def add_heading(text, level=1, color="1F3864", size=16):
    p = doc.add_heading(text, level=level)
    for r in p.runs:
        r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color)
        r.font.size = Pt(size)
        r.font.bold = True
    return p

def add_body(text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(text)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
    return p

def add_bullet(text, level=0):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(text, style="List Bullet")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.25 * (level + 1))
    return p

def add_stick_figure_mono(lines, caption=""):
    """Add a monospaced stick-figure block."""
    for line in lines:
        p = doc.add_paragraph()
        p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
        p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(0)
        p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(0.5)
        run = p.add_run(line)
        run.font.name = "Courier New"
        run.font.size = Pt(10)
        run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x20, 0x40, 0x80)
    if caption:
        p = doc.add_paragraph(caption)
        p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(0.5)
        p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(3)
        p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(10)
        run = p.runs[0]
        run.font.italic = True
        run.font.size   = Pt(9)
        run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x55, 0x55, 0x55)

def add_horizontal_rule():
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(4)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(4)
    pPr = p._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    pBdr = OxmlElement("w:pBdr")
    bottom = OxmlElement("w:bottom")
    bottom.set(qn("w:val"),   "single")
    bottom.set(qn("w:sz"),    "6")
    bottom.set(qn("w:space"), "1")
    bottom.set(qn("w:color"), "AAAAAA")
    pBdr.append(bottom)
    pPr.append(pBdr)

def add_label_value_table(rows, col_widths=(4.5, 7.0)):
    """Two-column borderless info table."""
    table = doc.add_table(rows=len(rows), cols=2)
    table.style = "Table Grid"
    for i, (label, value) in enumerate(rows):
        row = table.rows[i]
        c0, c1 = row.cells[0], row.cells[1]
        c0.width = Inches(col_widths[0] / 5)
        c1.width = Inches(col_widths[1] / 5)
        p0 = c0.paragraphs[0]
        r0 = p0.add_run(label)
        r0.bold = True
        r0.font.size = Pt(10)
        p1 = c1.paragraphs[0]
        r1 = p1.add_run(value)
        r1.font.size = Pt(10)
    doc.add_paragraph()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TITLE PAGE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(40)
p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(6)
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r = p.add_run("ASSIGNMENT")
r.bold = True; r.font.size = Pt(14)
r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x44, 0x44, 0x44)

p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(4)
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r = p.add_run("Fundamental Positions and Derived Positions in Exercise Therapy")
r.bold = True; r.font.size = Pt(20)
r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string("1F3864")

doc.add_paragraph()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r = p.add_run("Subject: Exercise Therapy  |  Department of Physiotherapy")
r.font.size = Pt(12); r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x55, 0x55, 0x55)

doc.add_paragraph()
doc.add_page_break()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 1. INTRODUCTION
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("1. Introduction", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)
add_body(
    "In exercise therapy, the body posture from which a movement begins is called the "
    "starting position (SP). According to Sherrington, 'Posture follows movement like a shadow; "
    "every movement begins in posture and ends in posture.' The starting position determines the "
    "quality, direction, and effectiveness of the exercise performed. Choosing the correct starting "
    "position is therefore one of the primary responsibilities of a physiotherapist."
)
add_body(
    "Starting positions are broadly classified into two categories:"
)
add_bullet("Fundamental Positions - the five basic positions of the human body", level=0)
add_bullet("Derived Positions - modifications of fundamental positions tailored for specific therapeutic purposes", level=0)

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 2. FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("2. Fundamental Positions", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)
add_body(
    "There are five fundamental starting positions. In each, equilibrium and stability are "
    "maintained by the interplay of gravitational forces and isometric muscle contractions."
)

# ─── 2.1 STANDING ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_heading("2.1 Standing (St)", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_body(
    "Standing is the most demanding fundamental position to maintain. The body is fully erect, "
    "balanced against gravity over a small base of support."
)
add_body("Joint Positions:")
add_bullet("Heels together on the same line; toes slightly apart")
add_bullet("Knees extended and together")
add_bullet("Hips extended and slightly laterally rotated")
add_bullet("Pelvis balanced on femoral heads; lumbar lordosis maintained")
add_bullet("Spine stretched to maximum length; vertex thrust upward")
add_bullet("Shoulders retracted and depressed; arms hanging loosely, palms facing inward")
add_bullet("Eyes looking straight forward; ears level")

add_body("Muscle Work:")
add_bullet("Continuous anti-gravity activity in soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior")
add_bullet("Quadriceps and hip extensors maintain lower limb extension")
add_bullet("Erector spinae and deep spinal muscles maintain upright trunk posture")
add_bullet("Upper trapezius and levator scapulae support shoulder girdle")

add_body("Effects and Uses:")
add_bullet("Demands maximum postural control - used for balance training")
add_bullet("Provides full range for upper and lower limb exercises")
add_bullet("Used for trunk strengthening, gait re-education, and proprioceptive training")
add_bullet("High energy expenditure; cardiovascular and endurance effects")

add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "         /|\\         ",
    "        / | \\        ",
    "          |          ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
    "       /     \\       ",
], caption="Fig. 1 - Standing Position (St)")

# ─── 2.2 KNEELING ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_horizontal_rule()
add_heading("2.2 Kneeling (Kn)", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_body(
    "In kneeling, the body is supported on the knees, with hips in full extension and the "
    "trunk erect. The base of support is broader than in standing, lowering the center of gravity."
)
add_body("Joint Positions:")
add_bullet("Knees flexed to approximately 90 degrees, resting on the floor")
add_bullet("Hips in full extension, femur perpendicular to the floor")
add_bullet("Ankles in plantar flexion")
add_bullet("Trunk, head, and neck in erect alignment")
add_bullet("Arms hanging loosely at the sides")

add_body("Muscle Work:")
add_bullet("Gluteus maximus and hip extensors maintain hip extension")
add_bullet("Quadriceps control knee flexion angle")
add_bullet("Erector spinae maintain trunk alignment")
add_bullet("Hip flexors and abdominals act as stabilizers")

add_body("Effects and Uses:")
add_bullet("Lower center of gravity increases stability compared to standing")
add_bullet("Reduces gravitational load on lower limbs - useful in early rehabilitation")
add_bullet("Used for hip and trunk strengthening exercises")
add_bullet("Practical when standing is not possible or safe")

add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "         /|\\         ",
    "        / | \\        ",
    "          |          ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
    "   ~~~~|     |~~~~   ",
    "   (knee on ground)  ",
], caption="Fig. 2 - Kneeling Position (Kn)")

# ─── 2.3 SITTING ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_horizontal_rule()
add_heading("2.3 Sitting (Sitt)", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_body(
    "The sitting position provides a stable, broad base of support while reducing demands "
    "on lower limb musculature. The body weight is distributed between the ischial tuberosities "
    "and the posterior thighs."
)
add_body("Joint Positions:")
add_bullet("Hips flexed to approximately 90 degrees")
add_bullet("Knees flexed to 90 degrees, feet resting flat on the floor")
add_bullet("Trunk erect; lumbar lordosis maintained")
add_bullet("Shoulders relaxed, arms resting on thighs or at sides")
add_bullet("Head and neck in neutral alignment")

add_body("Muscle Work:")
add_bullet("Erector spinae and deep spinal stabilizers maintain trunk uprightness")
add_bullet("Hip flexors assist in maintaining hip angle")
add_bullet("Minimal lower limb muscle work required")

add_body("Effects and Uses:")
add_bullet("Stable position suitable for early post-operative or debilitated patients")
add_bullet("Gravity acts through trunk; good for trunk strengthening")
add_bullet("Used for upper limb, head and neck exercises")
add_bullet("Allows the physiotherapist easy access to the patient")

add_stick_figure_mono([
    "       O             ",
    "      /|\\            ",
    "     / | \\           ",
    "   __|_|__|__        ",
    "   |  seat  |        ",
    "   |________|        ",
    "      | |            ",
    "      | |            ",
], caption="Fig. 3 - Sitting Position (Sitt)")

# ─── 2.4 LYING ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_horizontal_rule()
add_heading("2.4 Lying (Ly)", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_body(
    "The lying (supine) position places the body horizontally on a supporting surface. It provides "
    "the largest base of support and the lowest center of gravity, making it the most stable "
    "of all fundamental positions."
)
add_body("Joint Positions:")
add_bullet("Body supine (face upward) on a flat surface")
add_bullet("Head, neck, trunk, and lower limbs in full contact with the supporting surface")
add_bullet("All joints in a position of rest or neutral")
add_bullet("Arms at the sides, palms facing downward or inward")

add_body("Muscle Work:")
add_bullet("Minimal postural muscle activity required - maximum relaxation possible")
add_bullet("Gravity is eliminated from limb exercises performed in this plane")
add_bullet("Abdominals work when the trunk is raised")

add_body("Effects and Uses:")
add_bullet("Maximum relaxation - ideal for acute or severely weak patients")
add_bullet("Gravity eliminated for many movements - used for early strengthening")
add_bullet("Abdominal and lower limb exercises frequently performed in this position")
add_bullet("Used as the standard position for examination and passive movement")

add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  ________________________",
    "  O---/|\\---body---/ \\    ",
    " (head) (arms)    (legs)  ",
    " ________________________ ",
    "  (supported surface)     ",
], caption="Fig. 4 - Lying Position / Supine Lying (Ly)")

# ─── 2.5 HANGING ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_horizontal_rule()
add_heading("2.5 Hanging (Hg)", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_body(
    "In the hanging position, the body is fully suspended from a bar or rib-stall with the "
    "hands gripping above. The body is inverted relative to standing - the arms now form the "
    "contact point with the apparatus."
)
add_body("Joint Positions:")
add_bullet("Shoulders fully flexed or abducted with arms extended overhead gripping a bar")
add_bullet("Elbows extended, wrists in neutral grip")
add_bullet("Trunk, hips, knees, and ankles free to hang or may be actively extended")

add_body("Muscle Work:")
add_bullet("Shoulder flexors and abductors support the full body weight")
add_bullet("Elbow flexors and forearm flexors maintain grip")
add_bullet("Trunk muscles (abdominals and erector spinae) stabilize the hanging spine")
add_bullet("Maximum stretch through the spinal column is produced")

add_body("Effects and Uses:")
add_bullet("Produces traction effect on the spine - useful in disc and back conditions")
add_bullet("Strengthens shoulder girdle and upper limb muscles maximally")
add_bullet("Used in gymnastic and sports rehabilitation contexts")
add_bullet("Gravity assists in stretching hip flexors and spinal extensors")

add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  ====BAR====         ",
    "    | |              ",
    "   (hands)           ",
    "     O               ",
    "    /|\\              ",
    "      |              ",
    "     / \\             ",
    "    /   \\            ",
], caption="Fig. 5 - Hanging Position (Hg)")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3. DERIVED POSITIONS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3. Derived Positions", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)
add_body(
    "Derived positions are modifications of the five fundamental positions. They are created by "
    "altering the position of the arms, legs, trunk, or a combination of these, in order to achieve "
    "a specific therapeutic purpose."
)
add_heading("3.1 Purposes of Derived Positions", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)
add_bullet("To increase or decrease the size and stability of the base of support (BOS)")
add_bullet("To raise or lower the center of gravity (COG)")
add_bullet("To ensure maximum local or general relaxation")
add_bullet("To provide a convenient position from which a particular exercise can be performed")
add_bullet("To increase or decrease leverage acting on body segments")
add_bullet("To immobilize specific body parts while allowing controlled movement in others")
add_bullet("To reduce muscular effort required to maintain the posture")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3.2 DERIVED FROM STANDING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3.2 Positions Derived from Standing", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)

# Wing Standing
add_heading("a) Wing Standing (Wg.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The hands rest on the iliac crest with shoulders abducted and elbows flexed.")
add_body("Joint Positions: Hands on iliac crest; shoulders abducted; elbows flexed; wrists and fingers extended.")
add_body("Uses: Prevents swinging of arms during trunk exercises; allows the therapist to grasp the trunk easily; used in lateral trunk flexion exercises.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "        -\\ | /-      ",
    "       /  |  \\       ",
    "      |   |   |      ",
    "      (arms on hips) ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
], caption="Fig. 6 - Wing Standing (Wg.St) - hands on hips")

# Reach Standing
add_heading("b) Reach Standing (Rch.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Shoulder flexed forward to 90 degrees, elbows extended, wrists and fingers neutral - arms pointing straight forward.")
add_body("Uses: Assists balance during sideways walking; the forward arms create a natural tendency toward lumbar extension, so is used in balance training and posture correction.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "  -------/|          ",
    " (arms    |          ",
    "  forward)|          ",
    "          |          ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
], caption="Fig. 7 - Reach Standing (Rch.St)")

# Yard Standing
add_heading("c) Yard Standing (Yd.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbows extended - arms out to the sides horizontally.")
add_body("Uses: Used to assess and train shoulder abductor strength; improves balance by widening the effective BOS through arm position.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "  --------+--------  ",
    "  (arms wide open)   ",
    "          |          ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
], caption="Fig. 8 - Yard Standing (Yd.St)")

# Stride Standing
add_heading("d) Stride Standing (Str.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("One foot placed forward to increase the anteroposterior dimension of the base of support. The trunk remains erect.")
add_body("Uses: Wider BOS increases stability; used for exercises involving trunk rotation; reduces risk of falling during vigorous arm exercises.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "         /|\\         ",
    "        / | \\        ",
    "          |          ",
    "         /|          ",
    "        / |          ",
    "       /  |          ",
    "   (one foot forward)",
], caption="Fig. 9 - Stride Standing (Str.St)")

# Walk Standing
add_heading("e) Walk Standing (Wk.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Similar to stride standing but the feet are further apart and the arms are in walking position (one forward, one back). Mimics the stance phase of gait.")
add_body("Uses: Gait training, balance exercises, weight transfer activities.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "          O          ",
    "        \\-|-/        ",
    "          |          ",
    "         / \\         ",
    "        /   \\        ",
    " (feet wider apart,  ",
    "  one ahead)         ",
], caption="Fig. 10 - Walk Standing (Wk.St)")

# Stoop Standing
add_heading("f) Stoop Standing (Stp.St)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Trunk is flexed forward at the hips with knees slightly bent. Hands may rest on thighs or hang free.")
add_body("Uses: Stretches hamstrings and erector spinae; relieves intradiscal pressure; starting position for back extension exercises.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "      O              ",
    "     /|---->         ",
    "    / |(trunk        ",
    "      | forward)     ",
    "     /|              ",
    "    / |              ",
    "   (bent knees)      ",
], caption="Fig. 11 - Stoop Standing (Stp.St)")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3.3 DERIVED FROM SITTING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3.3 Positions Derived from Sitting", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)

# Long Sitting
add_heading("a) Long Sitting (L.Sitt)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Sitting on a flat surface with both legs extended forward, hips flexed to 90 degrees, knees fully extended.")
add_body("Uses: Stretches hamstrings; used for lower limb exercises; allows the therapist to apply resistance distally along the limb.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "    O                ",
    "   /|\\               ",
    "   \\ |               ",
    "    \\|_______________",
    "    (hips) (legs extended forward)",
], caption="Fig. 12 - Long Sitting (L.Sitt)")

# Crook Sitting / Tailor Sitting
add_heading("b) Crook Sitting / Cross Sitting (Cr.Sitt)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Sitting on the floor with hips and knees flexed and legs crossed (tailor position). Also called cross sitting or Turkish sitting.")
add_body("Uses: Stretches hip external rotators and adductors; relaxation position; used for floor-based exercises in yoga and rehabilitation.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "    O                ",
    "   /|\\               ",
    "    |                ",
    "   /X\\               ",
    "  (crossed legs)     ",
], caption="Fig. 13 - Cross / Crook Sitting (Cr.Sitt)")

# Ride Sitting
add_heading("c) Ride Sitting (Rd.Sitt)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Sitting astride a bench or plinth with hips widely abducted. Knees flexed, feet resting on the floor or footrests.")
add_body("Uses: Widens BOS for maximum stability; allows hands-free trunk exercises; used for patients with poor trunk control.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "      O              ",
    "     /|\\             ",
    "    / | \\            ",
    "   /  |  \\           ",
    "  / BENCH \\          ",
    " (legs each side)    ",
], caption="Fig. 14 - Ride Sitting (Rd.Sitt)")

# Stride Sitting
add_heading("d) Stride Sitting (Str.Sitt)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Sitting with one leg forward (extended or resting) and one leg back. Creates an anteroposterior asymmetry in the sitting position.")
add_body("Uses: Trunk rotation exercises; hip mobility work; asymmetric balance training.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "      O              ",
    "     /|\\             ",
    "    / |              ",
    "   /  |  -------->   ",
    " (one leg forward)   ",
], caption="Fig. 15 - Stride Sitting (Str.Sitt)")

# Forward Lean Sitting
add_heading("e) Forward Lean Sitting (Fwd.L.Sitt)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The trunk is inclined forward from the hips while sitting on a chair. Hands may rest on thighs or on the chair frame.")
add_body("Uses: Reduces lumbar lordosis; increases diaphragmatic breathing space; used in respiratory physiotherapy and for hip flexor stretching.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "    O-->              ",
    "   /| (trunk         ",
    "    |  leans          ",
    "    |  forward)       ",
    "  __|__               ",
    "  |   |               ",
], caption="Fig. 16 - Forward Lean Sitting (Fwd.L.Sitt)")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3.4 DERIVED FROM KNEELING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3.4 Positions Derived from Kneeling", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)

# Half Kneeling
add_heading("a) Half Kneeling (Hf.Kn)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("One knee on the floor (resting leg) and the opposite foot on the floor with the hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees (leading leg).")
add_body("Uses: Stretches hip flexors of the kneeling leg; functional stepping exercise; widely used in hip and back rehabilitation.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "      O              ",
    "     /|\\             ",
    "    / |              ",
    "   /  |              ",
    " (one foot flat,     ",
    "  one knee on floor) ",
], caption="Fig. 17 - Half Kneeling (Hf.Kn)")

# Prone Kneeling / Four-Point Kneeling
add_heading("b) Four-Point Kneeling / All-Fours (4Pt.Kn)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The body is supported on both hands and both knees. The spine is in neutral or slightly extended position. Also called prone kneeling or quadruped position.")
add_body("Uses: Reduces axial loading on spine; used extensively in spinal stabilization programs; starting position for bird-dog and cat-camel exercises; good for hip and shoulder strengthening.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "   O----/|            ",
    "  /    / \\            ",
    " (hands  knees)       ",
    "  on floor on floor   ",
], caption="Fig. 18 - Four-Point Kneeling / All-Fours (4Pt.Kn)")

# Sitting Between Heels
add_heading("c) Sitting Between Heels (Sit.Btw.Heels)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("From kneeling, the hips are lowered to rest between or on the heels. This is also known as Japanese sitting or seiza-like position.")
add_body("Uses: Stretches knee extensors and hip flexors; relaxation position; used in breathing and meditation-based physiotherapy.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "    O                ",
    "   /|\\               ",
    "    |                ",
    "  (hips down         ",
    "   between heels)    ",
    "  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ",
], caption="Fig. 19 - Sitting Between Heels")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3.5 DERIVED FROM LYING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3.5 Positions Derived from Lying", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)

# Prone Lying
add_heading("a) Prone Lying (Pr.Ly)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The body lies face downward on the supporting surface. The head is turned to one side or rests in a face-hole.")
add_body("Joint Positions: All joints in resting position; hips and knees extended; ankle in slight plantar flexion.")
add_body("Uses: Maximum relaxation for posterior trunk muscles; access to the posterior body; starting position for back extension exercises (press-ups); pressure relief for sacrum and heels.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    " ___________________________",
    "| (head) |--body--| (legs) |",
    "|________|_________|________|",
    "  (face down on surface)    ",
], caption="Fig. 20 - Prone Lying (Pr.Ly)")

# Side Lying
add_heading("b) Side Lying (Sd.Ly)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The body lies on either the right or left side. The lower arm may be extended above the head or flexed. The upper arm rests along the body or may be supported.")
add_body("Uses: Eliminates gravity for hip abduction/adduction exercises; pressure relief for supine and prone patients; used in scoliosis exercises; pregnancy positioning; reduces the effect of gravity on the trunk.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  O  _________________",
    " /|-/  body  / \\      ",
    "(lateral)    (legs)   ",
    "________________________________",
    "(supported surface)             ",
], caption="Fig. 21 - Side Lying (Sd.Ly)")

# Crook Lying
add_heading("c) Crook Lying (Cr.Ly)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Supine lying with both hips and knees flexed, feet resting flat on the supporting surface.")
add_body("Uses: Reduces lumbar lordosis and relieves lower back pain; starting position for pelvic tilting, bridging, and abdominal exercises; decreases stress on lumbar intervertebral discs.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  ___________________________",
    "  O--/|\\--body               ",
    "      |       /\\             ",
    "      |      /  \\            ",
    "  (hips+knees bent,          ",
    "   feet on surface)          ",
], caption="Fig. 22 - Crook Lying (Cr.Ly)")

# Half Lying
add_heading("d) Half Lying (Hf.Ly)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The trunk is propped up on pillows at 30-45 degrees to the horizontal while the lower limbs remain flat on the bed.")
add_body("Uses: Assists venous drainage from lower limbs; facilitates breathing in cardiopulmonary patients; comfortable resting position for post-operative patients.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "    O                ",
    "   /|\\               ",
    "  / |                ",
    " /  |_______________",
    "(trunk elevated 45 degrees,",
    " legs flat)          ",
], caption="Fig. 23 - Half Lying (Hf.Ly)")

# High Lying / Elevated Lying
add_heading("e) Prone Lying on Elbows (Sphinx Position)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("Prone lying with the trunk propped up on both elbows, forearms resting on the surface. Head and neck are raised.")
add_body("Uses: Promotes lumbar extension; used in McKenzie back extension protocol; passive extension stretch for lumbar discs; increases chest expansion.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "   O____             ",
    "  /|   \\__body__legs ",
    " (elbows on surface) ",
    "_____________________",
], caption="Fig. 24 - Prone on Elbows (Sphinx)")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 3.6 DERIVED FROM HANGING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("3.6 Positions Derived from Hanging", level=2, color="2E5090", size=13)

# Half Hanging
add_heading("a) Half Hanging (Hf.Hg)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The arms hold a bar above while the feet remain in partial contact with the ground. Body weight is partially supported by the feet.")
add_body("Uses: Partial traction on the spine; used for patients unable to tolerate full body weight through the shoulder girdle; shoulder girdle strengthening in a graded manner.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  ===BAR===           ",
    "   | |               ",
    "  (hands)            ",
    "    O                ",
    "   /|\\               ",
    "    |                ",
    "   / \\               ",
    "  /   \\              ",
    " (feet partly        ",
    "  on floor)          ",
], caption="Fig. 25 - Half Hanging (Hf.Hg)")

# Support Hanging
add_heading("b) Support Hanging (Sup.Hg)", level=3, color="1A5276", size=12)
add_body("The body weight is borne on the hands placed on parallel bars or on the edge of a plinth, with arms extended and the body raised off the surface.")
add_body("Uses: Upper limb weight-bearing for paraplegic patients; shoulder depressor strengthening; important for wheelchair transfers and crutch gait preparation.")
add_stick_figure_mono([
    "  |---|   |---|       ",
    "  (bars)  (bars)      ",
    "     \\   /            ",
    "      O               ",
    "     /|\\              ",
    "      |               ",
    "     / \\              ",
    " (arms support body)  ",
], caption="Fig. 26 - Support Hanging (Sup.Hg)")

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 4. PRINCIPLES FOR SELECTION
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("4. Principles for Selecting a Starting Position", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)
add_body("When selecting a starting position for a therapeutic exercise, the therapist must consider:")

items = [
    ("Patient's ability", "Can the patient assume and maintain the position safely?"),
    ("Need for stabilization", "Does the position allow adequate fixation of proximal joints?"),
    ("Effect of gravity", "Is gravity being used as resistance, assistance, or eliminated?"),
    ("Pain level", "Does the position avoid or aggravate the patient's pain?"),
    ("Therapeutic objective", "Does the position facilitate the intended movement and muscle work?"),
    ("Ease of access", "Can the therapist apply manual guidance or resistance effectively?"),
    ("Exercise progression", "Is the position appropriate to the current stage of rehabilitation?"),
]
for label, desc in items:
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    r = p.add_run(f"{label}: ")
    r.bold = True; r.font.size = Pt(11)
    r2 = p.add_run(desc)
    r2.font.size = Pt(11)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(4)

add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 5. SUMMARY TABLE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("5. Summary Table", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)

table = doc.add_table(rows=1, cols=4)
table.style = "Table Grid"
hdr = table.rows[0].cells
for cell, text in zip(hdr, ["Position", "Type", "BOS", "Key Therapeutic Use"]):
    p = cell.paragraphs[0]
    r = p.add_run(text)
    r.bold = True; r.font.size = Pt(9)
    cell._tc.get_or_add_tcPr()

rows_data = [
    ("Standing", "Fundamental", "Small", "Balance, posture, gait training"),
    ("Kneeling", "Fundamental", "Medium", "Hip extension, trunk stability"),
    ("Sitting", "Fundamental", "Large", "Upper limb, trunk, early rehab"),
    ("Lying", "Fundamental", "Largest", "Relaxation, early strengthening"),
    ("Hanging", "Fundamental", "Very small (hands)", "Spinal traction, UL strengthening"),
    ("Wing Standing", "Derived (Standing)", "Small", "Trunk exercises, prevent arm swing"),
    ("Stride Standing", "Derived (Standing)", "Medium (A-P)", "Balance, trunk rotation"),
    ("Stoop Standing", "Derived (Standing)", "Small", "Back extension, hamstring stretch"),
    ("Long Sitting", "Derived (Sitting)", "Large", "LL exercises, hamstring stretch"),
    ("Crook Sitting", "Derived (Sitting)", "Large", "Hip rotator stretch, relaxation"),
    ("Ride Sitting", "Derived (Sitting)", "Very large", "Trunk control, poor balance patients"),
    ("Half Kneeling", "Derived (Kneeling)", "Medium", "Hip flexor stretch, stepping"),
    ("Four-Point Kneeling", "Derived (Kneeling)", "Large (4 points)", "Spinal stabilization, quadruped"),
    ("Prone Lying", "Derived (Lying)", "Largest", "Back extension, posterior access"),
    ("Side Lying", "Derived (Lying)", "Largest", "Hip ab/adduction, scoliosis"),
    ("Crook Lying", "Derived (Lying)", "Largest", "Lumbar relief, pelvic tilt, bridging"),
    ("Half Lying", "Derived (Lying)", "Largest", "Respiratory, post-op, cardiac"),
    ("Half Hanging", "Derived (Hanging)", "Partial floor", "Partial spinal traction"),
    ("Support Hanging", "Derived (Hanging)", "Hands/arms", "Paraplegic UL training"),
]
for row_d in rows_data:
    row = table.add_row()
    for i, val in enumerate(row_d):
        p = row.cells[i].paragraphs[0]
        r = p.add_run(val)
        r.font.size = Pt(9)

doc.add_paragraph()
add_horizontal_rule()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 6. CONCLUSION
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_heading("6. Conclusion", level=1, color="1F3864", size=15)
add_body(
    "The five fundamental positions - standing, kneeling, sitting, lying, and hanging - form the "
    "structural backbone of exercise therapy. Each has unique biomechanical properties in terms of "
    "base of support, center of gravity, gravitational load, and postural muscle demands."
)
add_body(
    "Derived positions, created by strategically modifying the arms, legs, or trunk configuration "
    "of these fundamentals, greatly expand the therapeutic toolkit. They allow the physiotherapist "
    "to precisely control the difficulty, comfort, gravitational effect, leverage, and stabilization "
    "demands of every exercise, ensuring that treatment is matched to the patient's current capacity "
    "and rehabilitation goals."
)
add_body(
    "Mastery of starting positions is therefore a foundational clinical competency in exercise "
    "therapy and physiotherapy practice."
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# 7. REFERENCES
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_horizontal_rule()
add_heading("References", level=1, color="1F3864", size=13)
refs = [
    "Hollis, M. (1989). Practical Exercise Therapy (4th ed.). Blackwell Scientific Publications.",
    "De Bruijn, R., & Dijs, H. (2006). Therapeutic Exercise Handbook. Elsevier.",
    "Sehgal, S. (2023). Starting and Derived Positions in Exercise Therapy. CPUR Academic Press.",
    "Kisner, C., & Colby, L. A. (2012). Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques (6th ed.). F.A. Davis.",
    "Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. (2021). Exercise Prescription in Physiotherapy Practice. CSP Publications.",
]
for ref in refs:
    p = doc.add_paragraph(ref, style="List Bullet")
    p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(4)
    for r in p.runs:
        r.font.size = Pt(10)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SAVE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
out = "/tmp/workspace/exercise-therapy-assignment/Fundamental_and_Derived_Positions_Exercise_Therapy.docx"
doc.save(out)
print(f"Saved: {out}")