CPGET Psychology - Complete Beginner's Guide 🧠

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

doc = Document()

# ── Page margins ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
from docx.shared import Inches
section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin    = Inches(1)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(1)
section.left_margin   = Inches(1.2)
section.right_margin  = Inches(1.2)

# ── Default Normal style ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
normal = doc.styles["Normal"]
normal.font.name = "Arial"
normal.font.size = Pt(11)

# ── Helper functions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def set_heading_color(para, r, g, b):
    for run in para.runs:
        run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(r, g, b)

def add_volume_title(doc, vol_num, title):
    doc.add_page_break()
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
    run = p.add_run(f"VOLUME {vol_num}")
    run.bold = True
    run.font.size = Pt(22)
    run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
    # shade paragraph
    pPr = p._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    shd = OxmlElement('w:shd')
    shd.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
    shd.set(qn('w:color'), 'auto')
    shd.set(qn('w:fill'), '1F3864')
    pPr.append(shd)
    p2 = doc.add_paragraph()
    p2.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
    run2 = p2.add_run(title)
    run2.bold = True
    run2.font.size = Pt(16)
    run2.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
    pPr2 = p2._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    shd2 = OxmlElement('w:shd')
    shd2.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
    shd2.set(qn('w:color'), 'auto')
    shd2.set(qn('w:fill'), '1F3864')
    pPr2.append(shd2)

def add_chapter_heading(doc, ch_num, title):
    doc.add_page_break()
    h = doc.add_heading(f"Chapter {ch_num}: {title}", level=1)
    set_heading_color(h, 0x1F, 0x38, 0x64)

def add_section(doc, title):
    h = doc.add_heading(title, level=2)
    set_heading_color(h, 0x2E, 0x74, 0xB5)

def add_subsection(doc, title):
    h = doc.add_heading(title, level=3)
    set_heading_color(h, 0x2E, 0x74, 0xB5)

def add_body(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(text)
    p.style.font.size = Pt(11)

def add_bullet(doc, text, level=0):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(text, style="List Bullet")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3 * (level + 1))

def add_keybox(doc, label, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    run_label = p.add_run(f"  {label}: ")
    run_label.bold = True
    run_label.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x00, 0x00)
    run_text = p.add_run(text)
    run_text.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
    pPr = p._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    shd = OxmlElement('w:shd')
    shd.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
    shd.set(qn('w:color'), 'auto')
    shd.set(qn('w:fill'), 'FFF2CC')
    pPr.append(shd)

def add_mcq(doc, q, options, ans):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    r = p.add_run(f"Q: {q}")
    r.bold = True
    for opt in options:
        doc.add_paragraph(opt, style="List Number")
    a = doc.add_paragraph()
    ar = a.add_run(f"Answer: {ans}")
    ar.bold = True
    ar.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x37, 0x86, 0x10)

def add_table_2col(doc, headers, rows):
    table = doc.add_table(rows=1+len(rows), cols=2)
    table.style = "Table Grid"
    hdr = table.rows[0].cells
    hdr[0].text = headers[0]
    hdr[1].text = headers[1]
    for cell in hdr:
        for para in cell.paragraphs:
            for run in para.runs:
                run.bold = True
        tc = cell._tc
        tcPr = tc.get_or_add_tcPr()
        shd = OxmlElement('w:shd')
        shd.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
        shd.set(qn('w:color'), 'auto')
        shd.set(qn('w:fill'), '2E74B5')
        tcPr.append(shd)
        for para in cell.paragraphs:
            for run in para.runs:
                run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
    for i, row in enumerate(rows):
        cells = table.rows[i+1].cells
        cells[0].text = row[0]
        cells[1].text = row[1]
    doc.add_paragraph()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COVER PAGE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run = p.add_run("CPGET PSYCHOLOGY")
run.bold = True
run.font.size = Pt(32)
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x38, 0x64)

p2 = doc.add_paragraph()
p2.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r2 = p2.add_run("Complete Study Guide for Beginners")
r2.font.size = Pt(18)
r2.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x2E, 0x74, 0xB5)

doc.add_paragraph()
p3 = doc.add_paragraph()
p3.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r3 = p3.add_run("Telangana Common Post Graduate Entrance Test")
r3.font.size = Pt(14)
r3.italic = True

doc.add_paragraph()
p4 = doc.add_paragraph()
p4.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r4 = p4.add_run("M.A. / M.Sc. Psychology Entrance Preparation")
r4.font.size = Pt(13)

doc.add_paragraph()
p5 = doc.add_paragraph()
p5.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r5 = p5.add_run("Designed for Non-Psychology Background Students | 2025-26")
r5.font.size = Pt(11)
r5.italic = True
r5.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x70, 0x70, 0x70)

doc.add_paragraph()
p6 = doc.add_paragraph()
p6.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r6 = p6.add_run("3 Volumes | 15 Core Chapters | Practice MCQs | Key Facts")
r6.font.size = Pt(12)
r6.bold = True

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# ABOUT THE EXAM
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
doc.add_page_break()
h = doc.add_heading("About the CPGET Psychology Exam", level=1)
set_heading_color(h, 0x1F, 0x38, 0x64)
add_body(doc, "The Telangana Common Post Graduate Entrance Test (TG CPGET) is conducted by Osmania University for admission to M.A./M.Sc. Psychology programs in Telangana state universities. This guide covers the complete syllabus from scratch, designed specifically for students from non-psychology backgrounds.")
doc.add_paragraph()
add_table_2col(doc, ["Exam Feature", "Details"], [
    ["Conducting Body", "Osmania University, Hyderabad"],
    ["Full Form", "Telangana Common Post Graduate Entrance Test"],
    ["Programs", "M.A. Psychology / M.Sc. Psychology"],
    ["Total Questions", "100 MCQs"],
    ["Duration", "90 Minutes"],
    ["Mode", "Computer Based Test (CBT)"],
    ["Question Types", "Analogies, Classification, Matching, Comprehension"],
    ["Negative Marking", "None (verify in official notification)"],
    ["Language", "English"],
    ["Syllabus Source", "Osmania University official notification"],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Pro Tip", "Since there is no negative marking, attempt ALL questions. Never leave any blank!")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# STUDY PLAN
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_section(doc, "Recommended Study Order for Beginners")
add_body(doc, "Follow this sequence for the best understanding, especially if you have no prior psychology background:")
steps = [
    ("Week 1", "History & Schools of Psychology + Research Methods"),
    ("Week 2", "Biological Bases of Behavior + Sensation & Perception"),
    ("Week 3", "States of Consciousness + Learning & Conditioning"),
    ("Week 4", "Memory + Cognition & Thinking"),
    ("Week 5", "Intelligence + Motivation & Emotion"),
    ("Week 6", "Developmental Psychology + Personality"),
    ("Week 7", "Social Psychology + Abnormal Psychology"),
    ("Week 8", "Assessment + Applied Areas + Full Revision + MCQ Practice"),
]
add_table_2col(doc, ["Timeline", "Topics"], steps)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# VOLUME 1
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_volume_title(doc, 1, "Foundations of Psychology")

# ── Chapter 1 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 1, "History and Schools of Psychology")
add_body(doc, "Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The word 'psychology' comes from the Greek words 'psyche' (mind/soul) and 'logos' (study). Understanding its history helps you appreciate how the field evolved from philosophy to a rigorous science.")

add_section(doc, "1.1 Definition and Scope")
add_body(doc, "Early definitions focused on the 'study of the soul' (philosophers like Plato and Aristotle). By the 19th century, psychology emerged as a science of conscious experience. Today, it is defined as: the scientific study of behavior (observable actions) and mental processes (thoughts, feelings, memories).")

add_section(doc, "1.2 Major Schools of Thought")
add_table_2col(doc, ["School / Approach", "Key Figures & Core Ideas"], [
    ["Structuralism (1879)", "Wilhelm Wundt (father of psychology - opened first lab, Leipzig 1879), Edward Titchener. Method: Introspection. Goal: Identify basic structures of conscious mind."],
    ["Functionalism", "William James (author of 'Principles of Psychology'). Influenced by Darwin. Focus: How mental processes help us adapt and function. Led to applied psychology."],
    ["Psychoanalysis", "Sigmund Freud. Behavior driven by unconscious conflicts, repressed memories, childhood experiences. Methods: free association, dream analysis."],
    ["Behaviorism", "John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov. Only observable behavior counts. Rejected mind/consciousness. Learning through conditioning."],
    ["Gestalt Psychology", "Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka (Germany). 'The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.' Studied perception and problem solving holistically."],
    ["Humanistic Psychology", "Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs), Carl Rogers (person-centered therapy). Focus on free will, growth, self-actualization. Reaction against psychoanalysis and behaviorism."],
    ["Cognitive Psychology", "Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, George Miller. Study of mental processes: memory, thinking, language, perception. Mind as information processor."],
    ["Neuroscience / Biopsychology", "Modern approach linking brain, biology, and behavior. Uses brain imaging (fMRI, EEG)."],
    ["Sociocultural Approach", "Lev Vygotsky, cross-cultural researchers. Behavior shaped by society, culture, ethnicity, and context."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "MCQ Alert", "Wundt opened the FIRST psychology lab in Leipzig in 1879 - this is the most frequently tested historical fact!")

add_section(doc, "1.3 Key Historical Timeline")
timeline = [
    ("~400 BC", "Aristotle: early theories of mind, memory, sensation"),
    ("1637", "Descartes: mind-body dualism (res cogitans vs res extensa)"),
    ("1879", "Wundt opens first psychology lab - psychology becomes science"),
    ("1890", "William James publishes 'Principles of Psychology'"),
    ("1900", "Freud publishes 'The Interpretation of Dreams'"),
    ("1913", "Watson publishes 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It'"),
    ("1943", "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs published"),
    ("1950s-60s", "Cognitive revolution begins (challenging behaviorism)"),
    ("1952", "First DSM published by American Psychiatric Association"),
    ("1960s+", "Humanistic psychology movement grows"),
]
add_table_2col(doc, ["Year", "Event"], timeline)

add_section(doc, "1.4 Practice MCQs - Chapter 1")
add_mcq(doc, "Who is considered the 'Father of Psychology'?",
        ["a) William James", "b) Sigmund Freud", "c) Wilhelm Wundt", "d) John Watson"],
        "c) Wilhelm Wundt")
add_mcq(doc, "The school of psychology that focuses ONLY on observable behavior is:",
        ["a) Gestalt", "b) Psychoanalysis", "c) Humanism", "d) Behaviorism"],
        "d) Behaviorism")
add_mcq(doc, "'The whole is greater than the sum of its parts' is associated with:",
        ["a) Structuralism", "b) Functionalism", "c) Gestalt Psychology", "d) Cognitive Psychology"],
        "c) Gestalt Psychology")

# ── Chapter 2 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 2, "Research Methods and Statistics")
add_body(doc, "Psychology is a science. This chapter covers how psychologists study behavior systematically. Even if you have no science background, understanding the basics of research design is essential for the entrance exam.")

add_section(doc, "2.1 The Scientific Method")
steps2 = [("1", "Observe a phenomenon"), ("2", "Form a hypothesis (testable prediction)"),
          ("3", "Design a study"), ("4", "Collect data"), ("5", "Analyze data"),
          ("6", "Draw conclusions"), ("7", "Publish / replicate")]
add_table_2col(doc, ["Step", "Description"], steps2)

add_section(doc, "2.2 Research Methods")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Method", "Description & Key Points"], [
    ["Experiment", "The ONLY method that can establish cause-and-effect. Researcher manipulates Independent Variable (IV) and measures Dependent Variable (DV). Has control group and experimental group."],
    ["Survey / Questionnaire", "Self-report data from large samples. Quick but limited by social desirability bias."],
    ["Case Study", "In-depth study of one individual or small group. Rich detail but cannot generalize. Example: Freud's case of Little Hans."],
    ["Naturalistic Observation", "Observe behavior in its natural setting without interference. No manipulation."],
    ["Correlational Study", "Measures relationship between two variables. CANNOT prove causation. r ranges from -1.0 to +1.0."],
    ["Longitudinal Study", "Same participants studied over long periods of time. Tracks development/change."],
    ["Cross-sectional Study", "Different age groups studied at the same time. Faster but cohort effects possible."],
])

add_section(doc, "2.3 Key Variables")
add_bullet(doc, "Independent Variable (IV): The variable the researcher manipulates/changes")
add_bullet(doc, "Dependent Variable (DV): The variable that is measured/observed")
add_bullet(doc, "Confounding Variable: Any variable other than IV that may affect the DV (must be controlled)")
add_bullet(doc, "Control Group: Does NOT receive the treatment; used as baseline for comparison")
add_bullet(doc, "Experimental Group: DOES receive the treatment/manipulation")
add_keybox(doc, "Example", "Study: Does caffeine improve memory? IV = caffeine dose | DV = memory test score | Control = group given no caffeine")

add_section(doc, "2.4 Sampling Methods")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Sampling Type", "Description"], [
    ["Random Sampling", "Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Most unbiased."],
    ["Stratified Sampling", "Population divided into subgroups (strata); random sample taken from each."],
    ["Purposive/Purposeful Sampling", "Participants selected based on specific criteria relevant to study."],
    ["Convenience Sampling", "Whoever is easily available. Fast but potentially biased."],
    ["Snowball Sampling", "Participants recruit other participants. Used for hard-to-reach populations."],
])

add_section(doc, "2.5 Basic Statistics")
add_body(doc, "Measures of Central Tendency:")
add_bullet(doc, "Mean: Average (sum divided by number of scores)")
add_bullet(doc, "Median: Middle value when data is arranged in order")
add_bullet(doc, "Mode: Most frequently occurring value")
add_body(doc, "Measures of Variability:")
add_bullet(doc, "Range: Highest minus Lowest value")
add_bullet(doc, "Standard Deviation (SD): Average distance of scores from the mean. Low SD = scores clustered together; High SD = scores spread out.")
add_body(doc, "Correlation:")
add_bullet(doc, "Pearson's r: Measures linear relationship between two continuous variables (-1 to +1)")
add_bullet(doc, "Spearman's rho: Used for ranked/ordinal data")
add_bullet(doc, "+1.0 = perfect positive correlation; -1.0 = perfect negative; 0 = no correlation")
add_keybox(doc, "Key Rule", "Correlation does NOT equal causation. Just because two things are related does not mean one causes the other.")

add_section(doc, "2.6 Normal Distribution")
add_body(doc, "In a normal (bell-shaped) distribution: Mean = Median = Mode. About 68% of scores fall within 1 SD of the mean, 95% within 2 SDs, and 99.7% within 3 SDs (the 68-95-99.7 rule). Z-scores tell you how many standard deviations a score is from the mean.")

add_section(doc, "2.7 Reliability and Validity")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Concept", "Definition & Types"], [
    ["Reliability", "Consistency of a test. Test-retest reliability (same results over time), Inter-rater reliability (same results across different raters), Internal consistency (items measure the same thing)."],
    ["Validity", "Accuracy - does the test measure what it claims to measure? Content validity (covers all aspects), Construct validity (measures the theoretical construct), Criterion validity (predicts real-world outcomes)."],
])

add_section(doc, "2.8 Ethics in Research")
add_bullet(doc, "Informed consent: Participants must agree voluntarily with full knowledge")
add_bullet(doc, "Confidentiality: Data kept private")
add_bullet(doc, "Debriefing: After study, participants are fully informed of its purpose")
add_bullet(doc, "Right to withdraw: Participants can quit at any time")
add_bullet(doc, "No harm: Physical and psychological harm must be avoided")
add_keybox(doc, "Famous Ethical Controversy", "Milgram's obedience study (1963) - participants were deceived and caused psychological distress. Led to strict ethics guidelines.")

add_section(doc, "2.9 Practice MCQs - Chapter 2")
add_mcq(doc, "Which research method is the ONLY one that can establish cause and effect?",
        ["a) Case study", "b) Survey", "c) Experiment", "d) Naturalistic observation"],
        "c) Experiment")
add_mcq(doc, "The variable that the researcher manipulates is called:",
        ["a) Dependent variable", "b) Confounding variable", "c) Independent variable", "d) Control variable"],
        "c) Independent variable")
add_mcq(doc, "A correlation of -0.85 indicates:",
        ["a) Weak positive relationship", "b) No relationship", "c) Strong positive relationship", "d) Strong negative relationship"],
        "d) Strong negative relationship")

# ── Chapter 3 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 3, "Biological Bases of Behavior")
add_body(doc, "Psychology and biology are deeply connected. Our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are rooted in biology - especially the brain, neurons, and the nervous system. This chapter is the biological foundation of all other psychology topics.")

add_section(doc, "3.1 The Neuron")
add_body(doc, "The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system. There are approximately 86 billion neurons in the human brain.")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Neuron Structure", "Function"], [
    ["Cell body (Soma)", "Contains nucleus; maintains neuron's life"],
    ["Dendrites", "Tree-like branches that RECEIVE signals from other neurons"],
    ["Axon", "Long fiber that SENDS signals away from cell body"],
    ["Myelin Sheath", "Fatty insulating coating around axon; speeds up signal transmission. Damage causes multiple sclerosis."],
    ["Axon terminals (Terminal buttons)", "End of axon where neurotransmitters are released"],
    ["Synapse", "The gap between two neurons where communication occurs"],
])
add_body(doc, "Types of neurons: Sensory neurons (carry info TO brain), Motor neurons (carry commands FROM brain), Interneurons (connect sensory and motor neurons within CNS).")

add_section(doc, "3.2 Neural Communication")
add_body(doc, "Communication within a neuron: Electrical signal (action potential) travels down the axon. Communication between neurons: Chemical - neurotransmitters are released into the synapse and bind to receptors on the next neuron.")
add_keybox(doc, "Key Concept", "Resting potential = -70mV. Action potential (firing) = +40mV. All-or-nothing principle: a neuron either fires completely or not at all.")

add_section(doc, "3.3 Key Neurotransmitters")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Neurotransmitter", "Role & Clinical Relevance"], [
    ["Dopamine", "Reward, motivation, movement. Low = Parkinson's disease. High = Schizophrenia. Involved in addiction."],
    ["Serotonin", "Mood, sleep, appetite. Low = Depression. SSRIs (antidepressants) increase serotonin."],
    ["Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)", "Alertness, arousal, fight-or-flight. Low = Depression."],
    ["GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)", "Main INHIBITORY neurotransmitter. Reduces neural activity. Low = Anxiety. Alcohol and benzodiazepines enhance GABA."],
    ["Glutamate", "Main EXCITATORY neurotransmitter. Learning and memory."],
    ["Acetylcholine (ACh)", "Muscle movement, memory, attention. Low = Alzheimer's disease."],
    ["Endorphins", "Natural painkillers. Released during exercise, laughter, pain. Produce 'runner's high'."],
])

add_section(doc, "3.4 The Nervous System")
add_body(doc, "Central Nervous System (CNS) = Brain + Spinal Cord")
add_body(doc, "Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = All other nerves in the body")
add_body(doc, "PNS is divided into:")
add_bullet(doc, "Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements (skeletal muscles)")
add_bullet(doc, "Autonomic nervous system: Controls involuntary functions (heart, glands, organs)")
add_bullet(doc, "  - Sympathetic: Fight-or-flight response (activates during stress)", level=1)
add_bullet(doc, "  - Parasympathetic: Rest-and-digest (calms body down)", level=1)

add_section(doc, "3.5 Brain Structure and Function")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Brain Region", "Key Functions"], [
    ["Brainstem (Medulla, Pons)", "Basic survival: breathing, heart rate, swallowing, sleep/wake cycles"],
    ["Cerebellum", "Coordination of movement, balance, fine motor skills. Damage = ataxia."],
    ["Reticular Formation", "Arousal and alertness; filters incoming stimuli"],
    ["Thalamus", "Relay station - routes sensory information to correct cortical areas (except smell)"],
    ["Hypothalamus", "4 Fs: Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Mating (sexual behavior). Controls hormones via pituitary gland. Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst."],
    ["Hippocampus", "Formation of new long-term memories. Damage = anterograde amnesia (cannot form new memories). Famous case: H.M."],
    ["Amygdala", "Fear, aggression, emotional processing. Damage = loss of fear response."],
    ["Cerebral Cortex (overall)", "Higher mental functions: thinking, language, perception, voluntary movement"],
    ["Frontal Lobe", "Planning, decision-making, impulse control, personality, Broca's area (speech production)"],
    ["Parietal Lobe", "Touch, spatial awareness, body position"],
    ["Temporal Lobe", "Hearing, language comprehension (Wernicke's area), memory"],
    ["Occipital Lobe", "Vision and visual processing"],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Mnemonic for Lobes", "F-P-T-O: Frontal=Functions, Parietal=Position/touch, Temporal=Tunes/hearing, Occipital=Optics/vision")

add_section(doc, "3.6 Endocrine System")
add_bullet(doc, "Pituitary gland: 'Master gland' - controls other glands via hormones")
add_bullet(doc, "Adrenal glands: Release adrenaline (epinephrine) during stress")
add_bullet(doc, "Thyroid: Controls metabolism; excess = anxiety, deficiency = depression/sluggishness")
add_bullet(doc, "Pineal gland: Produces melatonin (sleep regulation)")

add_section(doc, "3.7 Practice MCQs - Chapter 3")
add_mcq(doc, "Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with Parkinson's disease?",
        ["a) Serotonin", "b) GABA", "c) Dopamine", "d) Acetylcholine"],
        "c) Dopamine")
add_mcq(doc, "The hippocampus is primarily involved in:",
        ["a) Regulating hunger and thirst", "b) Processing fear responses", "c) Forming new long-term memories", "d) Controlling voluntary movement"],
        "c) Forming new long-term memories")
add_mcq(doc, "The part of the brain that serves as a 'relay station' for sensory information is the:",
        ["a) Hypothalamus", "b) Thalamus", "c) Amygdala", "d) Cerebellum"],
        "b) Thalamus")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# VOLUME 2
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_volume_title(doc, 2, "Mental Processes and Development")

# ── Chapter 4 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 4, "Sensation and Perception")
add_body(doc, "Sensation is the process of detecting physical stimuli from the environment. Perception is the brain's interpretation of those sensory signals. These are two distinct but connected processes.")

add_section(doc, "4.1 Sensation Basics")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Concept", "Explanation"], [
    ["Transduction", "Converting physical stimuli (light, sound, pressure) into neural signals the brain can process."],
    ["Absolute Threshold", "The minimum level of stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time."],
    ["Difference Threshold (JND)", "Just Noticeable Difference - the minimum change in stimulus needed to detect a difference (50% of the time)."],
    ["Weber's Law", "The JND is a constant proportion of the original stimulus. Example: For weight, the JND is ~2% (to notice a 100g weight change in a 1kg object, you need 20g more)."],
    ["Signal Detection Theory", "Detection of a stimulus depends on both sensory sensitivity AND decision-making criteria of the observer."],
    ["Sensory Adaptation", "Reduced sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time. Example: not noticing your own perfume after a while."],
])

add_section(doc, "4.2 Gestalt Principles of Perception")
add_body(doc, "Gestalt psychologists identified rules by which the brain organizes sensory information into meaningful wholes:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Principle", "Description"], [
    ["Figure-Ground", "We perceive objects (figure) as distinct from the background (ground). Example: Rubin's vase illusion."],
    ["Proximity", "Objects close together are grouped as belonging together."],
    ["Similarity", "Objects that look alike are grouped together."],
    ["Continuity", "We perceive smooth, continuous patterns over discontinuous ones."],
    ["Closure", "We mentally fill in gaps to complete incomplete figures."],
    ["Common Fate", "Objects moving in the same direction are perceived as a group."],
])

add_section(doc, "4.3 Depth Perception")
add_body(doc, "Monocular Cues (one eye is enough):")
add_bullet(doc, "Linear perspective: Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance")
add_bullet(doc, "Texture gradient: Fine textures appear farther away")
add_bullet(doc, "Interposition: Objects that overlap are perceived as closer")
add_bullet(doc, "Relative size: Smaller objects appear farther away")
add_bullet(doc, "Aerial/Atmospheric perspective: Distant objects appear hazy")
add_body(doc, "Binocular Cues (need both eyes):")
add_bullet(doc, "Retinal/binocular disparity: Slight difference in images from each eye; greater disparity = closer object")
add_bullet(doc, "Convergence: Eyes turn inward for close objects; brain uses the angle to judge distance")

add_section(doc, "4.4 Perceptual Constancies and Illusions")
add_bullet(doc, "Size constancy: We perceive the true size of an object even as its retinal image changes with distance")
add_bullet(doc, "Shape constancy: We perceive a door as rectangular even when it appears as a trapezoid when opened")
add_bullet(doc, "Color constancy: We perceive colors as stable despite changes in lighting")
add_bullet(doc, "Famous illusions: Mueller-Lyer illusion, Ponzo illusion, Moon illusion")

add_section(doc, "4.5 Top-Down vs Bottom-Up Processing")
add_bullet(doc, "Bottom-up processing: Starts with raw sensory data and builds up to perception (data-driven)")
add_bullet(doc, "Top-down processing: Uses prior knowledge, context, and expectations to interpret sensory input (concept-driven)")
add_keybox(doc, "Example", "Reading a messy handwriting uses TOP-DOWN processing (context helps you 'fill in' unclear letters).")

add_section(doc, "4.6 Practice MCQs - Chapter 4")
add_mcq(doc, "The principle that states we tend to perceive incomplete figures as complete is:",
        ["a) Proximity", "b) Continuity", "c) Closure", "d) Similarity"],
        "c) Closure")
add_mcq(doc, "Weber's Law states that the just noticeable difference is:",
        ["a) Always a fixed amount", "b) A constant proportion of the original stimulus", "c) Inversely related to the stimulus", "d) Dependent on age"],
        "b) A constant proportion of the original stimulus")

# ── Chapter 5 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 5, "Learning and Conditioning")
add_body(doc, "Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. This is one of the HIGHEST WEIGHTAGE chapters in CPGET. Know every experiment and theorist here.")

add_section(doc, "5.1 Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)")
add_body(doc, "Classical conditioning is learning through ASSOCIATION. A neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces that response.")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Term", "Definition & Example (Pavlov's Dog)"], [
    ["Unconditioned Stimulus (US)", "Naturally triggers a response. Example: Food"],
    ["Unconditioned Response (UR)", "Natural, automatic response. Example: Salivation to food"],
    ["Conditioned Stimulus (CS)", "Originally neutral; after pairing, triggers response. Example: Bell after pairing"],
    ["Conditioned Response (CR)", "Learned response to the CS. Example: Salivating to bell"],
    ["Acquisition", "Phase of learning when CS and US are paired and CR develops"],
    ["Extinction", "CR weakens when CS is presented repeatedly without US"],
    ["Spontaneous Recovery", "After extinction, CR reappears briefly after a rest period"],
    ["Generalization", "Responding to stimuli similar to the CS. Example: Fearing all dogs after being bitten by one"],
    ["Discrimination", "Responding only to the specific CS and not to similar stimuli"],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Real World Application", "Phobias (irrational fears) are learned through classical conditioning. Advertising pairs products with attractive people (classical conditioning).")
add_keybox(doc, "John Watson - Little Albert", "Watson conditioned a baby (Albert) to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud bang. Demonstrated classical conditioning of fear in humans.")

add_section(doc, "5.2 Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)")
add_body(doc, "Operant conditioning is learning through CONSEQUENCES. Behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments. Skinner invented the 'Skinner Box' to study this.")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Concept", "Definition (INCREASES or DECREASES behavior?)"], [
    ["Positive Reinforcement", "Add something PLEASANT after behavior. INCREASES behavior. Example: Give candy when child studies."],
    ["Negative Reinforcement", "REMOVE something UNPLEASANT after behavior. INCREASES behavior. Example: Take painkiller to remove headache - you'll take it again."],
    ["Positive Punishment", "Add something UNPLEASANT after behavior. DECREASES behavior. Example: Scold a child for lying."],
    ["Negative Punishment", "REMOVE something PLEASANT after behavior. DECREASES behavior. Example: Take away phone for bad grades."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Common Mistake", "Negative reinforcement is NOT punishment! Both reinforcement types INCREASE behavior. Both punishment types DECREASE behavior.")

add_body(doc, "Schedules of Reinforcement:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Schedule", "Description & Resistance to Extinction"], [
    ["Fixed Ratio (FR)", "Reward after FIXED number of responses. Example: Piecework pay. High response rate, brief pause after reward. Moderate resistance."],
    ["Variable Ratio (VR)", "Reward after VARIABLE number of responses. Example: Slot machines, gambling. HIGHEST and most steady response rate. MOST resistant to extinction."],
    ["Fixed Interval (FI)", "Reward after FIXED time period. Example: Weekly paycheck. Low rate until reward time nears, then burst of activity."],
    ["Variable Interval (VI)", "Reward after VARIABLE time period. Example: Pop quizzes. Steady, moderate response rate. Very resistant to extinction."],
])

add_section(doc, "5.3 Observational Learning (Albert Bandura)")
add_body(doc, "We learn by watching others. The learner observes a model and imitates behavior. Key study: Bobo Doll Experiment (1961) - children who watched an adult attack an inflatable doll were more likely to be aggressive themselves.")
add_body(doc, "Bandura's four conditions for observational learning:")
add_bullet(doc, "Attention: Must pay attention to the model")
add_bullet(doc, "Retention: Must remember what was observed")
add_bullet(doc, "Reproduction: Must be physically able to reproduce the behavior")
add_bullet(doc, "Motivation: Must have reason/incentive to imitate (vicarious reinforcement)")

add_section(doc, "5.4 Cognitive Learning")
add_bullet(doc, "Insight Learning (Wolfgang Kohler): Sudden 'aha!' moment of problem solving without prior trial and error. Kohler's chimps stacking boxes to reach bananas.")
add_bullet(doc, "Latent Learning (Edward Tolman): Learning occurs even without reinforcement; not shown until there is a reason. Tolman's maze rats formed cognitive maps.")
add_bullet(doc, "Learned Helplessness (Martin Seligman): After repeated failure/uncontrollable punishment, organism stops trying even when escape is possible. Linked to depression.")
add_bullet(doc, "Taste Aversion (Garcia Effect): Single-trial classical conditioning where a food (CS) paired with nausea (US) causes long-lasting avoidance. Violates usual classical conditioning rules.")

add_section(doc, "5.5 Practice MCQs - Chapter 5")
add_mcq(doc, "In Pavlov's experiment, the bell AFTER conditioning is the:",
        ["a) Unconditioned stimulus", "b) Unconditioned response", "c) Conditioned stimulus", "d) Conditioned response"],
        "c) Conditioned stimulus")
add_mcq(doc, "Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior is:",
        ["a) Positive reinforcement", "b) Negative reinforcement", "c) Positive punishment", "d) Negative punishment"],
        "b) Negative reinforcement")
add_mcq(doc, "The Bobo doll experiment demonstrated:",
        ["a) Classical conditioning", "b) Operant conditioning", "c) Observational learning", "d) Insight learning"],
        "c) Observational learning")
add_mcq(doc, "Which reinforcement schedule produces the HIGHEST and most steady rate of responding and is MOST resistant to extinction?",
        ["a) Fixed Ratio", "b) Fixed Interval", "c) Variable Ratio", "d) Variable Interval"],
        "c) Variable Ratio")

# ── Chapter 6 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 6, "Memory")
add_body(doc, "Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information. Memory is not a single system but a collection of different systems and processes.")

add_section(doc, "6.1 Stages of Memory")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Stage", "Description"], [
    ["Encoding", "Converting information into a form that can be stored. Levels: shallow (structural/sound) to deep (semantic/meaningful)."],
    ["Storage", "Retaining encoded information over time."],
    ["Retrieval", "Accessing stored information. Types: Recall (free recall, cued recall), Recognition, Relearning."],
])

add_section(doc, "6.2 Types of Memory")
add_body(doc, "Atkinson-Shiffrin Multi-Store Model (1968):")
add_bullet(doc, "Sensory Memory: Very brief (0.5-3 sec). Large capacity. Iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory).")
add_bullet(doc, "Short-Term Memory (STM): 20-30 seconds without rehearsal. Capacity: 7 +/- 2 chunks (Miller's Magic Number). Maintenance rehearsal keeps info active.")
add_bullet(doc, "Long-Term Memory (LTM): Potentially unlimited capacity and duration.")
add_body(doc, "Long-Term Memory types:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Type", "Description"], [
    ["Explicit (Declarative)", "Conscious, intentional memory for facts and events"],
    ["  Episodic", "Personal experiences with time and place ('I remember my first day of school')"],
    ["  Semantic", "General world knowledge, facts, concepts ('Paris is the capital of France')"],
    ["Implicit (Non-declarative)", "Unconscious, automatic memory"],
    ["  Procedural", "Motor skills and habits ('how to ride a bike'). Not easily verbalized."],
    ["  Priming", "Exposure to one stimulus influences response to a later related stimulus"],
    ["  Conditioned responses", "Classically conditioned emotional or behavioral responses"],
])

add_section(doc, "6.3 Working Memory Model (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974)")
add_body(doc, "A more complex view of STM with multiple components:")
add_bullet(doc, "Central Executive: Coordinates the other components; controls attention")
add_bullet(doc, "Phonological Loop: Holds verbal and auditory information (inner voice)")
add_bullet(doc, "Visuospatial Sketchpad: Holds visual and spatial information")
add_bullet(doc, "Episodic Buffer: Temporary store linking working memory with LTM and perception")

add_section(doc, "6.4 Forgetting")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Theory of Forgetting", "Explanation"], [
    ["Decay/Trace Theory", "Memory trace fades over time due to disuse. Applies mainly to sensory and STM."],
    ["Interference Theory", "Old or new memories disrupt recall. Most supported theory for LTM."],
    ["  Proactive interference", "Old memories interfere with new learning (old phone number interferes with new one)"],
    ["  Retroactive interference", "New memories interfere with old memories"],
    ["Retrieval Failure / Cue-Dependent", "Information is stored but cannot be accessed without the right cue. Tip-of-tongue phenomenon."],
    ["Repression (Freud)", "Motivated forgetting - unpleasant memories pushed into the unconscious."],
    ["Encoding Failure", "Information was never properly encoded into LTM in the first place."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "State-Dependent Memory", "Memory is best recalled in the same state (emotional, physiological) as when it was encoded. Context-dependent memory = same physical environment improves recall.")

add_section(doc, "6.5 Practice MCQs - Chapter 6")
add_mcq(doc, "Miller's Magic Number refers to the capacity of:",
        ["a) Long-term memory", "b) Sensory memory", "c) Short-term memory", "d) Implicit memory"],
        "c) Short-term memory")
add_mcq(doc, "Knowing how to ride a bicycle is an example of:",
        ["a) Episodic memory", "b) Semantic memory", "c) Procedural memory", "d) Priming"],
        "c) Procedural memory")
add_mcq(doc, "When old memories interfere with remembering new information, this is called:",
        ["a) Retroactive interference", "b) Proactive interference", "c) Repression", "d) Decay"],
        "b) Proactive interference")

# ── Chapter 7 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 7, "Cognition, Thinking and Language")
add_body(doc, "Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. This includes thinking, language, problem-solving, reasoning, and decision-making.")

add_section(doc, "7.1 Concepts and Categories")
add_body(doc, "A concept is a mental category that groups similar things together. Prototype: The most typical or representative example of a category. Mental representations of concepts help us think efficiently without relearning everything.")

add_section(doc, "7.2 Problem Solving")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Strategy", "Description"], [
    ["Algorithm", "Step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution. Slow but sure. Example: Long division."],
    ["Heuristic", "Mental shortcut or rule of thumb. Fast but prone to errors. Example: Availability heuristic."],
    ["Insight", "Sudden 'aha!' solution (Gestalt). Example: Kohler's chimps."],
    ["Trial and Error", "Testing possible solutions until one works."],
])
add_body(doc, "Barriers to Problem Solving:")
add_bullet(doc, "Functional Fixedness: Inability to see an object as having any use other than its intended one. Example: Can't see a coin as a screwdriver.")
add_bullet(doc, "Mental Set: Tendency to use previously successful strategies even when they no longer apply.")
add_bullet(doc, "Confirmation Bias: Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs, ignoring contradictory evidence.")

add_section(doc, "7.3 Cognitive Heuristics and Biases")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Heuristic / Bias", "Description"], [
    ["Availability Heuristic", "Judge probability based on how easily an example comes to mind. Example: Overestimating plane crash risk after news coverage."],
    ["Representativeness Heuristic", "Judge probability based on how much something matches a prototype. Ignores base rates."],
    ["Anchoring Bias", "Over-relying on the first piece of information (anchor) when making decisions."],
    ["Confirmation Bias", "Favoring information that confirms pre-existing beliefs."],
    ["Overconfidence Bias", "Overestimating the accuracy of one's knowledge or judgments."],
    ["Framing Effect", "Decisions are influenced by how options are presented (framed)."],
])

add_section(doc, "7.4 Language")
add_body(doc, "Key Properties of Language:")
add_bullet(doc, "Semantics: Study of meaning in language")
add_bullet(doc, "Syntax: Rules for structuring sentences (grammar)")
add_bullet(doc, "Phonology: Sound patterns in language")
add_bullet(doc, "Pragmatics: Using language in social context")
add_body(doc, "Language Development Stages in Children:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Stage (Age)", "Milestone"], [
    ["0-6 months", "Cooing (vowel sounds)"],
    ["6-12 months", "Babbling (consonant-vowel combinations)"],
    ["12 months (1 year)", "First words (one-word / holophrastic stage)"],
    ["18-24 months (2 years)", "Two-word telegraphic speech ('more milk', 'daddy go')"],
    ["2-5 years", "Rapid vocabulary growth, applying grammar rules (sometimes over-regularization: 'goed', 'mouses')"],
    ["5+ years", "Full sentences, complex grammar"],
])
add_body(doc, "Theories of Language Acquisition:")
add_bullet(doc, "Chomsky's Nativist Theory: Humans have an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Universal Grammar - all languages share deep structural features.")
add_bullet(doc, "Behaviorist Theory (Skinner): Language learned through reinforcement and imitation.")
add_bullet(doc, "Linguistic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis): Language shapes thought. Strong version: language determines thought. Weak version: language influences thought.")
add_bullet(doc, "Interactionist Theory: Both nature (biology) and nurture (environment/learning) contribute to language acquisition.")

add_section(doc, "7.5 Practice MCQs - Chapter 7")
add_mcq(doc, "The tendency to judge how likely something is based on how easily an example comes to mind is:",
        ["a) Representativeness heuristic", "b) Availability heuristic", "c) Anchoring bias", "d) Confirmation bias"],
        "b) Availability heuristic")
add_mcq(doc, "Chomsky proposed that children are born with an innate capacity for language called the:",
        ["a) Universal Grammar Set", "b) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)", "c) Phonological Loop", "d) Linguistic Relativity Module"],
        "b) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# VOLUME 3
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_volume_title(doc, 3, "Personality, Social Behavior & Abnormal Psychology")

# ── Chapter 8 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 8, "Developmental Psychology")
add_body(doc, "Developmental psychology studies how people change physically, cognitively, and socially across the lifespan - from conception to death. Key stage theories are frequently tested in CPGET.")

add_section(doc, "8.1 Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory")
add_body(doc, "Jean Piaget proposed that children develop through four universal stages of cognitive development, each building on the previous one.")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Stage (Age)", "Key Features & Concepts"], [
    ["Sensorimotor (0-2 years)", "Experience world through senses and motor actions. Key milestone: Object Permanence (understanding objects exist even when not seen; develops around 8 months). Lack of representational thought early on."],
    ["Preoperational (2-7 years)", "Language develops rapidly. Symbolic thinking (uses words/images to represent objects). Limitations: Egocentrism (can't take others' perspective - Three Mountains Task), lack of Conservation (cannot understand that quantity stays the same despite changes in appearance), Animism (giving life to inanimate objects), Centration (focus on only one aspect at a time)."],
    ["Concrete Operational (7-11 years)", "Can perform mental operations on CONCRETE objects. Master Conservation. Can classify, seriate (arrange by size), understand reversibility. Less egocentric. Cannot yet handle abstract/hypothetical thinking."],
    ["Formal Operational (12+ years)", "Abstract thinking, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, systematic problem solving. Can think about possibilities, not just realities."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Key Piaget terms", "Assimilation = fitting new info into existing schemas. Accommodation = changing schema to fit new info. Equilibration = balancing both.")

add_section(doc, "8.2 Erikson's Psychosocial Development (8 stages)")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Stage (Age) / Crisis", "Positive vs. Negative Outcome"], [
    ["1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1)", "Consistent care = trust; inconsistent = mistrust. Foundation of hope."],
    ["2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3)", "Encouraged independence = autonomy; over-controlled = shame. Foundation of will."],
    ["3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)", "Allowed to lead and explore = initiative; criticized = guilt. Foundation of purpose."],
    ["4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)", "School-age, mastery of skills = competence; failure = inferiority."],
    ["5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18)", "Adolescence - developing personal identity. Key Erikson stage. Failure = confusion about who one is."],
    ["6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adult)", "Forming close relationships = intimacy; failure = isolation."],
    ["7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adult)", "Contributing to next generation (work, parenting) = generativity; self-absorption = stagnation."],
    ["8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adult)", "Reflecting on life with satisfaction = integrity; regret = despair."],
])

add_section(doc, "8.3 Kohlberg's Moral Development")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Level (Age approx.)", "Stage & Description"], [
    ["Preconventional (up to ~9 years)", "Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation (avoid punishment). Stage 2: Instrumental purpose (what's in it for me?)."],
    ["Conventional (~10 years - adolescence)", "Stage 3: Good boy/nice girl orientation (please others, gain approval). Stage 4: Law and order (follow rules, maintain social order)."],
    ["Postconventional (adolescence/adulthood)", "Stage 5: Social contract (rules serve human rights; laws can change). Stage 6: Universal ethical principles (abstract principles of justice, equality - Kohlberg's highest stage)."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "Kohlberg's Famous Dilemma", "The Heinz Dilemma: Should a man steal a drug to save his dying wife? Kohlberg was NOT interested in the answer but in the REASONING given.")

add_section(doc, "8.4 Attachment Theory (Bowlby & Ainsworth)")
add_body(doc, "John Bowlby proposed that infants have an innate need to form close emotional bonds with caregivers (attachment figures). These early attachments form working models that shape all future relationships.")
add_body(doc, "Ainsworth's Strange Situation (4 types):")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Attachment Type", "Behavior in Strange Situation"], [
    ["Secure (65%)", "Distressed when caregiver leaves, easily comforted on return. Trusts caregiver as safe base."],
    ["Anxious-Ambivalent/Resistant (10%)", "Extremely distressed on separation; not comforted on return; clingy and angry."],
    ["Avoidant (20%)", "Little distress on separation; ignores caregiver on return; appears independent."],
    ["Disorganized (5%)", "No consistent pattern; confused/fearful behavior. Associated with abuse or neglect."],
])

add_section(doc, "8.5 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory")
add_bullet(doc, "Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with guidance from a more skilled person.")
add_bullet(doc, "Scaffolding: The support (hints, encouragement, demonstration) provided by a more skilled person that helps the learner accomplish tasks in the ZPD. Support is gradually removed as the child masters the skill.")
add_bullet(doc, "Private speech: Children talk to themselves to guide their own behavior; later internalized as inner speech.")

add_section(doc, "8.6 Practice MCQs - Chapter 8")
add_mcq(doc, "A child who cannot understand that a tall thin glass and a short wide glass may contain the same amount of water lacks:",
        ["a) Object permanence", "b) Conservation", "c) Egocentrism", "d) Seriation"],
        "b) Conservation")
add_mcq(doc, "Erikson's stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occurs during:",
        ["a) Early childhood", "b) Middle childhood", "c) Adolescence", "d) Early adulthood"],
        "c) Adolescence")

# ── Chapter 9 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 9, "Personality")
add_body(doc, "Personality refers to an individual's characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Multiple theoretical perspectives explain what shapes personality.")

add_section(doc, "9.1 Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Structure", "Description"], [
    ["Id", "Primitive, unconscious. Operates on the pleasure principle - seeks immediate gratification. Present from birth."],
    ["Ego", "Reality principle. Mediates between Id and Superego. Mostly conscious. Uses defense mechanisms."],
    ["Superego", "Moral arm. Contains internalized societal rules. Generates guilt and pride."],
])
add_body(doc, "Freud's Psychosexual Stages:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Stage (Age)", "Erogenous Zone & Key Conflict"], [
    ["Oral (0-18 months)", "Mouth. Conflict: weaning. Fixation: smoking, overeating, sarcasm."],
    ["Anal (18 months - 3 years)", "Anus. Conflict: toilet training. Fixation: anal-retentive (stingy, orderly) or anal-expulsive (messy, wasteful)."],
    ["Phallic (3-6 years)", "Genitals. Oedipus complex (boys), Electra complex (girls). Identification with same-sex parent. Superego develops."],
    ["Latency (6-puberty)", "Sexual urges repressed. Social skills and peer relationships develop."],
    ["Genital (puberty onward)", "Sexual interests re-emerge; mature adult relationships."],
])
add_body(doc, "Key Defense Mechanisms:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Defense Mechanism", "Definition & Example"], [
    ["Repression", "Pushing threatening thoughts into the unconscious. (Base of all defenses)"],
    ["Projection", "Attributing your own unacceptable feelings to others. ('I'm not angry, YOU are!')"],
    ["Rationalization", "Providing logical reasons for unacceptable behavior. ('I failed because the teacher is bad')"],
    ["Displacement", "Redirecting impulses to a safer target. (Kick the dog after boss yells at you)"],
    ["Sublimation", "Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. (Aggression -> boxing)"],
    ["Reaction Formation", "Acting opposite to the unconscious impulse. (Being extremely nice to someone you hate)"],
    ["Regression", "Returning to earlier, childlike behavior under stress. (Thumb-sucking when anxious)"],
    ["Denial", "Refusing to accept reality. (Addict insisting they have no problem)"],
])

add_section(doc, "9.2 Trait Theories")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Theorist & Theory", "Key Points"], [
    ["Allport (1937)", "Identified ~4500 personality traits. Cardinal traits (single defining trait), Central traits (5-10 key traits), Secondary traits (minor, situational traits)."],
    ["Cattell's 16 PF", "Used factor analysis to identify 16 source traits (16 Personality Factor questionnaire)."],
    ["Eysenck's PEN Model", "Three major dimensions: Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism. Biologically based."],
    ["Big Five (OCEAN) / Five Factor Model", "Most widely accepted today. Five broad traits measured by NEO-PI."],
])
add_body(doc, "The Big Five (OCEAN) - Must Memorize:")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Trait", "High Score Description"], [
    ["O - Openness to Experience", "Creative, curious, open to new experiences, artistic"],
    ["C - Conscientiousness", "Organized, responsible, dependable, hardworking"],
    ["E - Extraversion", "Outgoing, talkative, energetic, seeks stimulation"],
    ["A - Agreeableness", "Cooperative, trusting, kind, compassionate"],
    ["N - Neuroticism", "Emotionally unstable, anxious, moody, prone to negative emotions"],
])

add_section(doc, "9.3 Humanistic Theories")
add_body(doc, "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (5 levels, bottom to top):")
add_bullet(doc, "1. Physiological: Food, water, shelter, sleep (most basic)")
add_bullet(doc, "2. Safety: Security, stability, freedom from fear")
add_bullet(doc, "3. Love and Belonging: Friendship, intimacy, family, belonging")
add_bullet(doc, "4. Esteem: Self-esteem, achievement, respect from others")
add_bullet(doc, "5. Self-actualization: Realizing one's full potential (highest need)")
add_body(doc, "Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Theory:")
add_bullet(doc, "Self-concept: Organized perception of oneself")
add_bullet(doc, "Ideal self vs. Real self: Congruence (match) = healthy. Incongruence = anxiety and maladjustment.")
add_bullet(doc, "Conditions of worth: We feel loved only if we meet others' expectations - Rogers saw this as harmful.")
add_bullet(doc, "Unconditional positive regard: Accepting and supporting a person regardless of what they say or do - key therapeutic ingredient.")

add_section(doc, "9.4 Personality Assessment")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Test Type", "Examples"], [
    ["Projective Tests", "Rorschach Inkblot Test (interpret ambiguous inkblots), TAT - Thematic Apperception Test (make up stories about pictures). Based on psychoanalytic theory."],
    ["Objective / Self-Report Tests", "MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) - clinical psychopathology. NEO-PI - Big Five traits. 16 PF - Cattell's traits."],
    ["Behavioral Assessment", "Direct observation of behavior in natural or controlled settings."],
])

add_section(doc, "9.5 Practice MCQs - Chapter 9")
add_mcq(doc, "According to Freud, the component of personality that operates on the reality principle is the:",
        ["a) Id", "b) Ego", "c) Superego", "d) Unconscious"],
        "b) Ego")
add_mcq(doc, "Which of the following is NOT part of the Big Five (OCEAN) personality traits?",
        ["a) Openness", "b) Conscientiousness", "c) Introversion", "d) Neuroticism"],
        "c) Introversion (Extraversion is a Big Five trait, not Introversion as a separate trait)")
add_mcq(doc, "The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a:",
        ["a) Objective test", "b) Neuropsychological test", "c) Projective test", "d) Achievement test"],
        "c) Projective test")

# ── Chapter 10 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 10, "Social Psychology")
add_body(doc, "Social psychology studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others - real, imagined, or implied presence. Classic social psychology experiments are VERY frequently tested in CPGET.")

add_section(doc, "10.1 Social Cognition - Attribution Theory")
add_body(doc, "Attribution is the process of explaining our own and others' behavior.")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Attribution Type / Bias", "Description"], [
    ["Dispositional (Internal) Attribution", "Explaining behavior as due to personal traits, character, or ability."],
    ["Situational (External) Attribution", "Explaining behavior as due to circumstances or environment."],
    ["Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)", "Over-attributing others' behavior to disposition, under-attributing to situation. Very common bias."],
    ["Actor-Observer Bias", "We attribute our own behavior to situation (I was late because of traffic) but others' to disposition (they are irresponsible)."],
    ["Self-Serving Bias", "Taking credit for success (dispositional) but blaming failure on situation (self-protecting)."],
])

add_section(doc, "10.2 Attitudes and Attitude Change")
add_bullet(doc, "Attitude: A learned evaluation (positive/negative) of a person, object, or idea")
add_bullet(doc, "ABC components: Affective (emotional), Behavioral (action tendency), Cognitive (beliefs)")
add_bullet(doc, "Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger, 1957): Discomfort from holding two conflicting beliefs or when behavior contradicts attitude. Motivation to reduce inconsistency (change attitude, add new belief, or minimize the inconsistency).")
add_bullet(doc, "Persuasion routes: Central route (careful, logical reasoning) vs. Peripheral route (superficial cues like attractiveness, popularity).")

add_section(doc, "10.3 Social Influence - Classic Experiments")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Experiment (Researcher)", "Findings"], [
    ["Asch's Conformity Study (1951)", "Participants gave wrong answers on a line-length task when confederates unanimously gave wrong answers. ~75% conformed at least once. Shows normative social influence."],
    ["Milgram's Obedience Study (1963)", "Participants administered what they believed were electric shocks to a learner on authority's orders. 65% delivered maximum 450V shock. Shows power of authority and situational forces."],
    ["Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment (1971)", "Students randomly assigned as guards or prisoners; guards became abusive, prisoners became passive. Stopped after 6 days. Shows power of social roles and situations."],
    ["Bystander Effect (Darley & Latane, 1968)", "As the number of bystanders increases, likelihood any one person will help decreases. Diffusion of responsibility. Inspired by Kitty Genovese murder case."],
])

add_section(doc, "10.4 Compliance Techniques")
add_bullet(doc, "Foot-in-the-Door: Start with small request; person likely to agree to larger one later.")
add_bullet(doc, "Door-in-the-Face: Start with large (refused) request; person likely to agree to smaller follow-up.")
add_bullet(doc, "Low-Ball Technique: Get commitment to request, then increase cost after agreement.")

add_section(doc, "10.5 Group Dynamics")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Phenomenon", "Description"], [
    ["Social Facilitation", "Presence of others improves performance on simple/well-learned tasks but impairs performance on complex/unfamiliar tasks (Zajonc)."],
    ["Social Loafing", "People exert less effort in a group than when working alone (Latane)."],
    ["Groupthink", "Pressure for consensus in a cohesive group suppresses dissent, leading to poor decisions (Janis)."],
    ["Deindividuation", "Loss of individual identity in a group or crowd, leading to reduced self-restraint and increased impulsive behavior."],
    ["Group Polarization", "After group discussion, members' views become more extreme in the direction of the initial average."],
])

add_section(doc, "10.6 Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination")
add_bullet(doc, "Stereotype: Overgeneralized belief about a group")
add_bullet(doc, "Prejudice: Negative attitude/feeling toward a group (affective)")
add_bullet(doc, "Discrimination: Unfair treatment/behavior based on group membership (behavioral)")
add_bullet(doc, "In-group bias: Favoring one's own group")
add_bullet(doc, "Out-group homogeneity: Perceiving out-group members as all alike ('they are all the same')")
add_bullet(doc, "Scapegoating: Blaming an out-group for one's problems (frustration-aggression hypothesis)")

add_section(doc, "10.7 Practice MCQs - Chapter 10")
add_mcq(doc, "The tendency to attribute others' failures to their character while attributing our own failures to circumstances is called:",
        ["a) Self-serving bias", "b) Actor-observer bias", "c) Fundamental Attribution Error", "d) Cognitive dissonance"],
        "b) Actor-observer bias")
add_mcq(doc, "Milgram's obedience experiment primarily demonstrated:",
        ["a) The bystander effect", "b) Conformity to peer pressure", "c) Obedience to authority", "d) Cognitive dissonance"],
        "c) Obedience to authority")
add_mcq(doc, "Discomfort caused by holding two contradictory beliefs is called:",
        ["a) Attribution error", "b) Cognitive dissonance", "c) Social facilitation", "d) Conformity"],
        "b) Cognitive dissonance")

# ── Chapter 11 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 11, "Abnormal Psychology")
add_body(doc, "Abnormal psychology studies patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that cause distress or impairment. It is closely linked to clinical psychology and psychiatric diagnosis.")

add_section(doc, "11.1 Defining Abnormality - The 4 Ds")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Criterion", "Explanation"], [
    ["Deviance", "Behavior that deviates significantly from cultural norms"],
    ["Distress", "Causes significant personal distress/suffering"],
    ["Dysfunction", "Impairs ability to function in daily life (work, relationships)"],
    ["Danger", "Poses risk of harm to self or others"],
])

add_section(doc, "11.2 Classification Systems")
add_bullet(doc, "DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Ed, 2013): Published by American Psychiatric Association. Widely used in the US. Categorical system.")
add_bullet(doc, "ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th Rev, 2022): Published by World Health Organization. Used internationally including India.")

add_section(doc, "11.3 Major Psychological Disorders")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Disorder", "Key Features"], [
    ["Major Depressive Disorder", "Depressed mood or loss of interest for 2+ weeks. Fatigue, worthlessness, sleep/appetite changes, suicidal thoughts. Low serotonin/norepinephrine."],
    ["Bipolar I Disorder", "Manic episodes (elevated/irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, reckless behavior) + depressive episodes."],
    ["Bipolar II Disorder", "Hypomanic (less severe) + depressive episodes. No full mania."],
    ["Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)", "Excessive, uncontrollable worry about many areas for 6+ months."],
    ["Panic Disorder", "Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (racing heart, shortness of breath, fear of dying). Persistent concern about future attacks."],
    ["Specific Phobia", "Intense fear of specific object/situation (spiders, heights, blood). Avoidance behavior."],
    ["OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)", "Obsessions (intrusive, unwanted thoughts) + Compulsions (repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety). Ego-dystonic."],
    ["PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder)", "Following traumatic event: flashbacks, nightmares, hyperarousal, emotional numbing, avoidance."],
    ["Schizophrenia", "Positive symptoms (hallucinations - mostly auditory, delusions - false beliefs, disorganized thinking), Negative symptoms (flat affect, alogia, avolition). Dopamine hypothesis. Onset typically late teens to early 30s."],
    ["Antisocial Personality Disorder", "Cluster B. Persistent disregard for others' rights. Deceitfulness, impulsivity, lack of remorse. (Psychopathy/sociopathy)"],
    ["Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)", "Cluster B. Unstable identity, relationships, and emotions. Impulsivity, fear of abandonment, self-harm."],
    ["ADHD", "Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity. Onset in childhood. Low dopamine."],
    ["Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)", "Deficits in social communication; restricted, repetitive behaviors. Spectrum = wide range of severity."],
])

add_section(doc, "11.4 Perspectives on Abnormality")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Model", "Cause of Disorders"], [
    ["Biological", "Genetics, brain chemistry, neurological dysfunction"],
    ["Psychodynamic", "Unresolved unconscious conflicts, childhood trauma"],
    ["Cognitive-Behavioral", "Maladaptive thoughts and learned behaviors"],
    ["Humanistic", "Blocked self-actualization, incongruence"],
    ["Sociocultural", "Social stressors, cultural factors, stigma"],
    ["Biopsychosocial", "Integrated: biological + psychological + social factors (most widely accepted today)"],
])

add_section(doc, "11.5 Treatment Approaches")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Therapy", "Description"], [
    ["Psychoanalysis (Freud)", "Free association, dream analysis, transference. Goal: uncover unconscious conflicts."],
    ["Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)", "Most empirically supported. Identify and change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. Used for depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD."],
    ["Behavior Therapy", "Based on conditioning principles. Systematic desensitization (phobias), Exposure therapy, Token economy."],
    ["Humanistic/Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers)", "Unconditional positive regard, empathy, congruence. Non-directive."],
    ["Group Therapy", "Therapy in a group setting; offers social support and universality."],
    ["Drug Therapy (Pharmacotherapy)", "Antidepressants (SSRIs), Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol), Anxiolytics (benzodiazepines), Mood stabilizers (Lithium for bipolar)."],
])

add_section(doc, "11.6 Practice MCQs - Chapter 11")
add_mcq(doc, "Auditory hallucinations and delusions of persecution are POSITIVE symptoms of:",
        ["a) Major Depressive Disorder", "b) Bipolar Disorder", "c) Schizophrenia", "d) PTSD"],
        "c) Schizophrenia")
add_mcq(doc, "The most widely accepted and empirically supported psychological therapy is:",
        ["a) Psychoanalysis", "b) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)", "c) Person-centered therapy", "d) Gestalt therapy"],
        "b) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)")
add_mcq(doc, "The biopsychosocial model suggests that psychological disorders result from:",
        ["a) Only genetic factors", "b) Only unconscious conflicts", "c) Biological, psychological, and social factors combined", "d) Cultural factors alone"],
        "c) Biological, psychological, and social factors combined")

# ── Chapter 12 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 12, "Intelligence, Motivation, and Emotion")

add_section(doc, "12.1 Theories of Intelligence")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Theorist & Theory", "Key Points"], [
    ["Spearman (1904) - g factor", "Proposed a general intelligence factor (g) that underlies all cognitive abilities. Also specific (s) factors."],
    ["Thurstone - Primary Mental Abilities", "Seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, number, spatial visualization, memory, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning."],
    ["Gardner (1983) - Multiple Intelligences", "8 types: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic. Each is independent."],
    ["Sternberg - Triarchic Theory", "Three types: Analytical (academic/problem solving), Creative (novel situations), Practical (street smarts/adapting to real world)."],
    ["Cattell - Fluid vs. Crystallized", "Fluid intelligence: Reasoning/problem solving in new situations; declines with age. Crystallized intelligence: Accumulated knowledge; increases with age."],
])
add_keybox(doc, "IQ Formula", "IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100. Average IQ = 100. IQ below 70 = Intellectual Disability. IQ above 130 = Gifted.")
add_body(doc, "Intelligence Tests:")
add_bullet(doc, "Stanford-Binet: Measures IQ for children and adults; derived from Binet-Simon scale")
add_bullet(doc, "Wechsler Scales: WAIS (adults), WISC (children 6-16), WPPSI (preschool)")

add_section(doc, "12.2 Motivation")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Theory", "Key Ideas"], [
    ["Instinct Theory", "Behavior driven by innate, biological instincts. (McDougall). Limited; doesn't explain human diversity."],
    ["Drive-Reduction Theory (Hull)", "Biological needs (hunger, thirst) create drives that motivate behavior to restore homeostasis."],
    ["Arousal Theory", "People seek an optimal level of arousal (not too high, not too low). Yerkes-Dodson Law: Moderate arousal = best performance."],
    ["Maslow's Hierarchy", "Needs arranged in hierarchy; lower needs must be met before higher ones (see Personality chapter)."],
    ["Incentive Theory", "External rewards (incentives) pull us toward goals, rather than internal drives pushing us."],
    ["Cognitive Theories", "Motivation from beliefs, expectations, and goals. Self-efficacy (Bandura): belief in own ability."],
])
add_body(doc, "Achievement Motivation (McClelland):")
add_bullet(doc, "Need for Achievement (nAch): Desire to excel, meet standards, attain difficult goals.")
add_bullet(doc, "High nAch individuals prefer moderately challenging tasks; they are energized by competition.")
add_keybox(doc, "Yerkes-Dodson Law", "Performance is best at a moderate level of arousal. Too low = boredom/poor performance; too high = anxiety/poor performance. Optimal arousal is LOWER for complex tasks.")

add_section(doc, "12.3 Emotion")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Theory", "Sequence & Key Points"], [
    ["James-Lange Theory", "Stimulus → Body arousal → We experience emotion. 'We are afraid BECAUSE we tremble.' Body response FIRST, then we label it as emotion."],
    ["Cannon-Bard Theory", "Stimulus → Brain → Body arousal AND emotion SIMULTANEOUSLY. Rejected James-Lange; argued thalamus sends signals to both cortex and body at same time."],
    ["Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory", "Stimulus → Body arousal → Cognitive label → Emotion. Arousal is non-specific; we use contextual cues to LABEL it. Experiment: Adrenaline injection + angry/euphoric confederate."],
    ["Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal", "We must first APPRAISE a situation as relevant to us before feeling emotion. Appraisal precedes emotion."],
    ["Facial Feedback Hypothesis", "Facial expressions can influence the emotion we experience (Strack's pen-in-mouth experiment)."],
])
add_body(doc, "Ekman's 6 Basic Universal Emotions (cross-cultural):")
add_bullet(doc, "Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger, Disgust, Surprise")

add_section(doc, "12.4 Practice MCQs - Chapter 12")
add_mcq(doc, "According to Howard Gardner's theory, there are how many types of intelligence?",
        ["a) 3", "b) 5", "c) 7", "d) 8"],
        "d) 8")
add_mcq(doc, "The Yerkes-Dodson law relates performance to:",
        ["a) Intelligence", "b) Arousal level", "c) Memory capacity", "d) Personality type"],
        "b) Arousal level")
add_mcq(doc, "According to the James-Lange theory, emotions result from:",
        ["a) Cognitive appraisal of situations", "b) Simultaneous brain activation and body response", "c) Awareness of one's own bodily responses", "d) Labeling of physiological arousal using context"],
        "c) Awareness of one's own bodily responses")

# ── Chapter 13: Quick Reference / Final Chapter ──────────────────────────────
add_chapter_heading(doc, 13, "Quick Reference: Key Theorists & Important Concepts")
add_body(doc, "This chapter is a master reference table of all major psychologists, their theories, and key experiments that are frequently tested in CPGET.")

add_section(doc, "13.1 Master Reference Table: Who Said What")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Psychologist", "Theory / Contribution"], [
    ["Wilhelm Wundt", "Father of Psychology; first psychology lab (Leipzig, 1879); Structuralism; Introspection"],
    ["William James", "Functionalism; 'Principles of Psychology' (1890); Stream of consciousness"],
    ["Sigmund Freud", "Psychoanalysis; Id/Ego/Superego; Psychosexual stages; Defense mechanisms; Unconscious"],
    ["Ivan Pavlov", "Classical conditioning; Conditioned reflexes; Dog salivation experiments"],
    ["John Watson", "Behaviorism; Little Albert experiment; 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It' (1913)"],
    ["B.F. Skinner", "Operant conditioning; Skinner Box; Schedules of reinforcement; Radical behaviorism"],
    ["Albert Bandura", "Social learning / Observational learning; Bobo Doll; Self-efficacy"],
    ["Max Wertheimer", "Gestalt psychology; Phi phenomenon; 'The whole > sum of parts'"],
    ["Wolfgang Kohler", "Gestalt; Insight learning in chimps"],
    ["Edward Tolman", "Cognitive maps; Latent learning"],
    ["Jean Piaget", "Cognitive development (4 stages); Schemas; Assimilation; Accommodation"],
    ["Lev Vygotsky", "Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD); Scaffolding; Sociocultural theory"],
    ["Erik Erikson", "8 Psychosocial stages across the lifespan"],
    ["Lawrence Kohlberg", "Moral development (3 levels, 6 stages); Heinz Dilemma"],
    ["John Bowlby", "Attachment theory; Internal working models; Monotropy"],
    ["Mary Ainsworth", "Strange Situation; 4 attachment types (Secure, Avoidant, Anxious, Disorganized)"],
    ["Abraham Maslow", "Hierarchy of Needs; Humanistic psychology; Self-actualization"],
    ["Carl Rogers", "Person-centered therapy; Unconditional positive regard; Self-concept; Congruence"],
    ["Solomon Asch", "Conformity study (line lengths); Social pressure"],
    ["Stanley Milgram", "Obedience to authority; Electric shock experiment (1963)"],
    ["Philip Zimbardo", "Stanford Prison Experiment (1971); Situational forces on behavior"],
    ["Leon Festinger", "Cognitive dissonance (1957)"],
    ["Darley & Latane", "Bystander effect; Diffusion of responsibility"],
    ["Martin Seligman", "Learned helplessness; Positive psychology"],
    ["Charles Spearman", "g factor (general intelligence)"],
    ["Howard Gardner", "Multiple intelligences (8 types)"],
    ["Robert Sternberg", "Triarchic theory of intelligence (Analytical, Creative, Practical)"],
    ["William James & Carl Lange", "James-Lange theory of emotion (body first, then emotion)"],
    ["Walter Cannon & Philip Bard", "Cannon-Bard theory (simultaneous body + emotion)"],
    ["Stanley Schachter & Jerome Singer", "Two-factor theory of emotion (arousal + cognitive label)"],
    ["Hermann Ebbinghaus", "Memory; Forgetting curve; Savings method; Spacing effect"],
    ["George Miller", "7 +/- 2 (Magic Number) - STM capacity"],
    ["Alan Baddeley", "Working Memory Model (Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad)"],
    ["Paul Ekman", "6 Universal basic emotions; Facial Action Coding System"],
    ["Hans Eysenck", "PEN model of personality; Biological basis of personality"],
    ["Raymond Cattell", "16 Personality Factors (16PF); Fluid vs. Crystallized intelligence"],
    ["Garcia & Koelling", "Taste aversion (Garcia Effect); Biological preparedness"],
    ["David McClelland", "Need for Achievement (nAch)"],
])

add_section(doc, "13.2 Key Experiments Quick Reference")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Experiment", "What It Showed"], [
    ["Pavlov's Dog", "Classical conditioning - learning by association"],
    ["Watson's Little Albert", "Fear can be classically conditioned in humans"],
    ["Skinner Box", "Operant conditioning - behavior shaped by consequences"],
    ["Bandura's Bobo Doll", "Aggression learned through observation (social learning)"],
    ["Kohler's Chimps", "Insight learning in animals"],
    ["Tolman's Maze Rats", "Latent learning and cognitive maps"],
    ["Asch's Line Study", "Conformity to group pressure"],
    ["Milgram's Shock Study", "Obedience to authority even against one's conscience"],
    ["Zimbardo's Prison Study", "Situational forces override individual character"],
    ["Harlow's Monkeys", "Contact comfort more important than food in early attachment"],
    ["Ainsworth's Strange Situation", "Four types of infant attachment"],
    ["Festinger's Dissonance Study", "Cognitive dissonance motivates attitude change"],
    ["Darley & Latane Seizure Study", "Bystander effect - diffusion of responsibility in groups"],
    ["Seligman's Shock Dogs", "Learned helplessness"],
    ["Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve", "Most forgetting happens rapidly after learning, then levels off"],
])

# ── Final Tips ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.add_page_break()
h = doc.add_heading("Final Exam Tips and Strategy", level=1)
set_heading_color(h, 0x1F, 0x38, 0x64)
add_section(doc, "General Strategy")
add_bullet(doc, "Revise all theorist-theory pairings daily - CPGET heavily tests 'Who proposed this?'")
add_bullet(doc, "Know every classic experiment: researcher, procedure, and conclusion")
add_bullet(doc, "All stage theories in order: Piaget (4), Erikson (8), Kohlberg (3 levels), Freud (5 psychosexual)")
add_bullet(doc, "Difference between similar concepts: Classical vs Operant, Positive/Negative Reinforcement vs Punishment")
add_bullet(doc, "Research methods: Know what proves cause-and-effect (experiment only)")
add_bullet(doc, "For MCQs: Always eliminate 2 clearly wrong options first, then choose between remaining 2")
add_bullet(doc, "Attempt all 100 questions - no negative marking")
add_bullet(doc, "Time management: 90 minutes / 100 questions = ~54 seconds per question")
add_section(doc, "Recommended Books")
add_table_2col(doc, ["Book", "Best For"], [
    ["Psychology by Robert Feldman", "Best beginner-friendly textbook; clear explanations"],
    ["Psychology by David G. Myers", "MCQ-style content; excellent for entrance exams"],
    ["Introduction to Psychology by Morgan & King", "Classic; covers full syllabus"],
    ["Abnormal Psychology by Rosenhan & Seligman", "Abnormal psychology section"],
    ["CPGET Previous Year Papers", "Exam pattern familiarity; get from Osmania University website"],
])

doc.save("/tmp/workspace/cpget-psychology/CPGET_Psychology_Complete_Study_Guide.docx")
print("Document saved successfully!")