1000195883.jpg
Answer this accurately and perfectly
Reading File
analyse_media
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Searching PubMed
ABO blood group antigens
Searching the Web
ABO blood group antigens tissues secretor Rh discovery Landsteiner official reference
1. ABO blood group table
| ABO blood group | Antigens on erythrocytes | Antibodies in plasma |
|---|---|---|
| O (αβ) | No A or B antigen. H antigen is present. | Anti-A (α) and anti-B (β) |
| A (β) | A antigen | Anti-B (β) |
| B (α) | B antigen | Anti-A (α) |
| AB (0) | A and B antigens | No anti-A or anti-B antibodies |
2. Cells and tissues other than erythrocytes that express ABO antigens
ABO antigens are widely expressed, particularly on vascular endothelial cells, platelets, and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. They can also occur in many body secretions in secretor individuals.
3. Chemical nature of ABO and Rh antigens
- ABO antigens are carbohydrate antigens: terminal sugar chains attached to membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- Rh antigens are proteins, specifically integral transmembrane proteins of the erythrocyte membrane.
4. Who are “secretors”?
Secretors are people who have soluble ABH blood-group substances in body fluids, especially saliva, and also mucus, tears, semen, and gastrointestinal secretions. This depends mainly on a functional FUT2 (Secretor) gene.
5. Rh-positive and Rh-negative erythrocytes
- Rh-positive (Rh+) erythrocytes express the D antigen on their surface.
- Rh-negative (Rh−) erythrocytes lack the D antigen.
The D antigen is the most clinically important Rh antigen.
6. Discovery of ABO and Rh systems
-
ABO system: Discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900-1901. He mixed serum and red blood cells from different people and observed that some combinations caused agglutination. He initially identified A, B, and O groups. The AB group was identified in 1902 by Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli. Historical review
-
Rh system: Conventionally credited to Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener in 1940. They immunized rabbits and guinea pigs with red cells from rhesus monkeys and obtained an antiserum that agglutinated red cells from many humans. The name “Rh” came from these rhesus-monkey experiments.
Historical correction: the original rhesus-related antibody was later recognized as reacting mainly with the LW antigen, not exactly the human RhD antigen, but the experiments led to the identification and naming of the Rh blood-group system.
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.