1. NTEP (National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme) - formerly RNTCP

Background

• Previously known as: RNTCP (Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme), launched 1997
• Renamed to NTEP in 2020 to reflect the elimination goal
• Operates under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare as a flagship component of NHM
• India bears ~27% of the global TB burden

Vision & Target

• "TB Free India" - elimination by 2025, 5 years ahead of the WHO's 2030 global goal
• Target: <1 case per 10 lakh population by 2025 (End-TB targets: 90% reduction in incidence, 95% reduction in deaths)

NSP Pillars (National Strategic Plan 2017-2025)

Key Features / Recent Updates (2024-25)

• Ni-kshay Portal: National IT platform for case registration, tracking, and benefit transfer
• Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY): Rs. 500/month nutritional support to TB patients
• Ni-kshay Mitra: Community/corporate adoption of TB patients for extra support
• 100-Day Campaign (Dec 7, 2024 - Mar 24, 2025): Mass screening with X-ray + NAAT in high-burden districts
• Additional BCG dose (from Sep 3, 2024): Adults >18 years in 40 NTEP districts
• Progress: TB incidence reduced from 208/lakh (2015) to ~153/lakh (2024) - 27% reduction
• Bedaquiline/Delamanid-based regimens for DR-TB introduced free of cost
• PMTB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan: Multi-sectoral support for TB patients

Organizational Structure

• Central TB Division (CTD) → State TB Cell → District TB Centre → PHI level
• National TB Institute (NTI), Bengaluru - training & research apex body

2. NP-NCD (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases)

Background

• Earlier called NPCDCS (National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD & Stroke)
• Revised Operational Guidelines released for 2023-2030
• Funded under NHM NCD Flexi-Pool

Diseases Covered

• Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), Stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and mental health (partially overlapping)

Objectives

1. Health promotion through behaviour change - community, civil society, media
2. Screening, early diagnosis, management, referral & follow-up at each level of healthcare
3. Capacity building of healthcare providers for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, IEC/BCC
4. Strengthen supply chain for drugs, diagnostics, equipment at all levels
5. Monitoring & evaluation through uniform ICT application (NCD portal)

Key Strategies

• Population-based screening at HWCs (Health & Wellness Centres): oral, breast, cervical cancer + DM + HTN
• NCD clinics at District Hospitals and CHCs
• Strengthening state and district NCD cells
• Integration with Ayushman Bharat - HWC platform

Programme Structure

• National NCD Cell (MoHFW) → State NCD Cell → District NCD Cell
• District Hospitals have dedicated NCD wards/clinics
• Tertiary Cancer Centres and Oncology Wings at Medical Colleges

M&E

• 4-component cycle: Programme monitoring → Evaluation → Learning → Planning
• National NCD Portal for data reporting

3. NVBDCP (National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme)

Background

• Established under Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
• Operates under MoHFW
• Merged several earlier vertical programmes (NMEP for malaria, filaria control, kala-azar, dengue/chikungunya)

Diseases Covered

Key Objectives

1. Reduce morbidity and mortality from vector-borne diseases
2. Achieve and sustain elimination targets (Malaria 2027, Kala-azar 2023/re-targeted, Filariasis 2030)
3. Strengthen integrated vector management (IVM)
4. Surveillance, early diagnosis, and case management

Key Strategies & Programmes

• National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME) 2016-2030: Target - 0 indigenous cases by 2027
• Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with DEC + Albendazole for Lymphatic Filariasis
• IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying) and LLIN (Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets) for malaria
• RDKs (Rapid Diagnostic Kits) at peripheral level for malaria diagnosis
• ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy) for P. falciparum
• Kala-azar: Target <1 case per 10,000 population at block level; Miltefosine/Liposomal Amphotericin B
• JE vaccination in endemic districts
• Dengue/Chikungunya: Vector surveillance, fogging, source reduction
• District NVBDCP Units with entomologists and vector control teams

4. National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP)

Background

• Launched in 2007-08 (11th Five-Year Plan)
• Aligned with COTPA 2003 (Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act) and WHO-FCTC
• India has the 2nd largest tobacco-consuming population globally (~267 million users)

Aims

1. Create awareness about harmful effects of tobacco
2. Reduce production and supply of tobacco products
3. Ensure effective implementation of COTPA 2003
4. Help tobacco users quit
5. Facilitate implementation of WHO-FCTC strategies

Key Components (Thrust Areas)

• Training: Health workers, social workers, NGOs, school teachers, enforcement officers
• IEC (Information, Education, Communication) activities - mass media, social media
• School Programmes: Tobacco-free schools, awareness in youth
• Monitoring of Tobacco Laws: COTPA enforcement (smoke-free zones, ban on advertising, pictorial warnings)
• Coordination with Panchayati Raj Institutions for village-level activities
• Cessation Services: Tobacco Cessation Centres (TCCs) at district level, pharmacotherapy (NRT, Varenicline)
• mCessation Programme: Mobile-based quit-tobacco support via SMS nudges

COTPA 2003 Key Provisions

• Section 4: Prohibition of smoking in public places
• Section 5: Ban on tobacco advertisements
• Section 6: Prohibition of sale to minors (<18 yrs) and within 100m of educational institutions
• Section 7-9: Pictorial health warnings on tobacco product packages

Organizational Structure (3-tier)

1. NTCC (National Tobacco Control Cell) - Central level, MoHFW
2. STCC (State Tobacco Control Cell) - State level
3. DTCC (District Tobacco Control Cell) - District level + Tobacco Cessation Services at district hospitals

Quick Comparison Table