Hi can you explain to me 10 common heart diseases along with their ECG changes and a picture of the ECGs including their management according to latest guidelines please
STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction ECG
atrial fibrillation ECG irregular rhythm absent P waves
complete heart block third degree AV block ECG
ventricular tachycardia ECG wide complex tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White WPW ECG delta wave pre-excitation
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ECG left ventricular hypertrophy
pulmonary embolism ECG S1Q3T3 right heart strain sinus tachycardia
pericarditis ECG diffuse ST elevation saddle-shaped PR depression
dilated cardiomyopathy ECG LBBB left bundle branch block low voltage
aortic stenosis ECG left ventricular hypertrophy strain pattern
2024 2025 ACC AHA guidelines STEMI NSTEMI atrial fibrillation heart failure management summary
- STEMI — ST elevation/tombstone morphology/Q waves → Primary PCI ≤90 min + dual antiplatelet + statin + ACEI
- NSTEMI/Unstable Angina — ST depression/T-wave inversions/normal ECG → Risk-stratified invasive strategy + ticagrelor + anticoagulation
- Atrial Fibrillation — Irregularly irregular, absent P waves → DOACs + rate/rhythm control; catheter ablation for symptomatic AF
- HFrEF — LBBB, LVH, sinus tachycardia → The "Fantastic Four": ARNI + beta-blocker + MRA + SGLT2 inhibitor
- Complete Heart Block — AV dissociation, escape rhythm → Permanent pacemaker (virtually all acquired cases)
- Ventricular Tachycardia — Wide complex tachycardia, AV dissociation → DC cardioversion if unstable; amiodarone if stable; ICD
- WPW Syndrome — Short PR + delta wave → Catheter ablation (first-line, >95% success); avoid AV nodal blockers in AF+WPW
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy — LVH + giant T-wave inversions → Mavacamten (new 2024 Class I); septal myectomy; ICD for SCD risk
- Acute Pericarditis — Diffuse saddle-shaped ST elevation + PR depression → NSAIDs + colchicine for 3 months
- Pulmonary Embolism — S1Q3T3 + sinus tachycardia + RV strain → DOACs; systemic thrombolysis for massive PE