from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor, Cm
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.enum.table import WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL, WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
import copy

doc = Document()

# ── Page setup: Normal margins (1 inch all sides) ──
section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin = Inches(1)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(1)
section.left_margin = Inches(1)
section.right_margin = Inches(1)

# ── Default style: Times New Roman 12pt, 1.15 line spacing, justified ──
from docx.shared import Pt
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

normal_style = doc.styles['Normal']
normal_style.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
normal_style.font.size = Pt(12)
normal_style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
from docx.shared import Pt as PT
# Set line spacing 1.15 for Normal
pPr = normal_style.paragraph_format._element
pPr_element = OxmlElement('w:pPr')

def set_line_spacing_115(paragraph):
    pPr = paragraph._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    spacing = OxmlElement('w:spacing')
    spacing.set(qn('w:line'), '276')  # 276 = 1.15 * 240
    spacing.set(qn('w:lineRule'), 'auto')
    pPr.append(spacing)

def add_page_border(doc):
    """Add a box border to all pages via sectPr."""
    section = doc.sections[0]
    sectPr = section._sectPr
    pgBorders = OxmlElement('w:pgBorders')
    pgBorders.set(qn('w:offsetFrom'), 'page')
    for border_name in ['top', 'left', 'bottom', 'right']:
        border = OxmlElement(f'w:{border_name}')
        border.set(qn('w:val'), 'single')
        border.set(qn('w:sz'), '12')
        border.set(qn('w:space'), '24')
        border.set(qn('w:color'), '000000')
        pgBorders.append(border)
    sectPr.append(pgBorders)

def add_footer_and_page_number(doc, topic_name):
    """Add footer with topic name and page number bottom-right."""
    section = doc.sections[0]
    footer = section.footer
    footer.is_linked_to_previous = False
    
    # Clear footer
    for p in footer.paragraphs:
        for run in p.runs:
            run.text = ''
    
    footer_para = footer.paragraphs[0]
    footer_para.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT
    
    # Topic name run
    run_topic = footer_para.add_run(topic_name + "     ")
    run_topic.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run_topic.font.size = Pt(10)
    
    # Page number field
    run_pg = footer_para.add_run()
    run_pg.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run_pg.font.size = Pt(10)
    fldChar1 = OxmlElement('w:fldChar')
    fldChar1.set(qn('w:fldCharType'), 'begin')
    instrText = OxmlElement('w:instrText')
    instrText.text = 'PAGE'
    fldChar2 = OxmlElement('w:fldChar')
    fldChar2.set(qn('w:fldCharType'), 'end')
    run_pg._r.append(fldChar1)
    run_pg._r.append(instrText)
    run_pg._r.append(fldChar2)

def add_bold_heading(doc, text, size=14, level=1):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER if level == 0 else WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.bold = True
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(size)
    set_line_spacing_115(p)
    return p

def add_subheading(doc, text, size=12):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.bold = True
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(size)
    set_line_spacing_115(p)
    return p

def add_body_para(doc, text, bold_parts=None):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(12)
    set_line_spacing_115(p)
    return p

def add_bullet(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(style='List Bullet')
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    run = p.runs[0] if p.runs else p.add_run()
    run.text = text
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(12)
    set_line_spacing_115(p)
    return p

def add_numbered_item(doc, number, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    run = p.add_run(f"{number}. {text}")
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(12)
    set_line_spacing_115(p)
    return p

def add_page_break(doc):
    doc.add_page_break()

TOPIC = "Identification based on Race, Religion and Sex"

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 1: INDEX PAGE
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# Title
p_title = doc.add_paragraph()
p_title.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run_title = p_title.add_run(TOPIC)
run_title.bold = True
run_title.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_title.font.size = Pt(14)
set_line_spacing_115(p_title)

doc.add_paragraph()  # blank space

# INDEX heading
p_index = doc.add_paragraph()
p_index.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
run_index = p_index.add_run("INDEX")
run_index.bold = True
run_index.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_index.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_index)

# Index Table
index_table = doc.add_table(rows=7, cols=3)
index_table.style = 'Table Grid'
index_table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

# Set column widths
index_table.columns[0].width = Inches(0.8)
index_table.columns[1].width = Inches(4.5)
index_table.columns[2].width = Inches(0.8)

def set_cell_text(cell, text, bold=False, center=False):
    cell.text = ''
    p = cell.paragraphs[0]
    if center:
        p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.bold = bold
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(12)

# Header row
header_row = index_table.rows[0]
set_cell_text(header_row.cells[0], "Sr. No.", bold=True, center=True)
set_cell_text(header_row.cells[1], "Contents", bold=True, center=True)
set_cell_text(header_row.cells[2], "Page No.", bold=True, center=True)

# Content rows
index_data = [
    ("1.", "Introduction"),
    ("2.", "Identification Based on Race"),
    ("3.", "Identification Based on Religion"),
    ("4.", "Identification Based on Sex"),
    ("5.", "References"),
    ("6.", ""),
]
for i, (sr, content) in enumerate(index_data):
    row = index_table.rows[i + 1]
    set_cell_text(row.cells[0], sr, center=True)
    set_cell_text(row.cells[1], content, center=True)
    set_cell_text(row.cells[2], "", center=True)

doc.add_page_break()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 2: INTRODUCTION
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_bold_heading(doc, "1. Introduction", size=14)

intro_text = (
    "Identification is one of the most important aspects of forensic medicine. "
    "It involves establishing the identity of a living or deceased individual using various biological and physical characteristics. "
    "Among the key parameters used in forensic identification are race, religion, and sex. "
    "Each of these parameters provides distinct and valuable clues to the investigator."
)
add_body_para(doc, intro_text)

intro_text2 = (
    "Race refers to the biological grouping of humans based on genetically transmitted physical differences. "
    "Religion may be identified through specific physical marks, customs, or bodily characteristics associated with religious practices. "
    "Sex determination is essential in identifying living or dead individuals and is relevant to civil rights, criminal offences, and medico-legal cases."
)
add_body_para(doc, intro_text2)

doc.add_page_break()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 3: IDENTIFICATION BASED ON RACE
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_bold_heading(doc, "2. Identification Based on Race", size=14)

add_subheading(doc, "Definition")

p_def = doc.add_paragraph()
p_def.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run1 = p_def.add_run("Race is defined as ")
run1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run1.font.size = Pt(12)
run2 = p_def.add_run('"biological grouping within the human species distinguished or classified according to genetically transmitted differences"')
run2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run2.font.size = Pt(12)
run2.italic = True
run3 = p_def.add_run(". [1]")
run3.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run3.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_def)

add_body_para(doc, "Thus, race is a population concept. Races are populations which differ in the frequency of some genes.")

add_subheading(doc, "Types of Race")
add_body_para(doc, "The population of the world is divided into three types of race:")
add_numbered_item(doc, "1", "Caucasians or Caucasoid")
add_numbered_item(doc, "2", "Mongolians or Mongoloids")
add_numbered_item(doc, "3", "Negro or Negroid")

add_subheading(doc, "Determination of Race")
add_body_para(doc, "The race can be determined by:")
items = ["Clothes", "Complexion", "Eyes", "Hairs", "Physical features", "Teeth", "Skeletal characteristics and indices"]
for i, item in enumerate(items, 1):
    add_numbered_item(doc, i, item)

add_body_para(doc, "The differentiating points are summarized in Tables 3.1 and 3.2 below. (For skeletal features and different indices please refer chapters - Forensic Osteology).")

# Table 3.1
p_t1 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_t1.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run_t1 = p_t1.add_run("Table 3.1: Differentiating Points Between Races")
run_t1.bold = True
run_t1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_t1.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_t1)

table1 = doc.add_table(rows=12, cols=4)
table1.style = 'Table Grid'
table1.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

def fill_table_cell(cell, text, bold=False, italic=False, center=False):
    cell.text = ''
    p = cell.paragraphs[0]
    if center:
        p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
    else:
        p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.bold = bold
    run.italic = italic
    run.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
    run.font.size = Pt(11)

t1_headers = ["Features", "Caucasians", "Mongolian", "Negro"]
for i, h in enumerate(t1_headers):
    fill_table_cell(table1.rows[0].cells[i], h, bold=True, italic=True, center=True)

t1_data = [
    ("Complexion", "Fair", "Yellowish", "Black"),
    ("Eyes (Iris colour)", "Gray or blue", "Black", "Black"),
    ("Forehead", "Raised", "Inclined backward", "Small and compressed"),
    ("Nasal aperture", "Narrow and elongated", "Rounded", "Broad"),
    ("Nose", "Sharp", "Flattened", "Blunt"),
    ("Face", "Small", "Large and flattened", "Jaw projecting, malar bone prominent, teeth set obliquely"),
    ("Hard palate", "Triangular", "Large and flattened", "Rectangular"),
    ("Upper extremity", "Normal", "Small", "Large in proportion to body; Forearm large in proportion to arms; Hand small"),
    ("Lower extremity", "Normal", "Small", "Leg large in proportion to thigh; Feet wide and flat; Heel bone projecting backward"),
    ("Hair features", "Straight or wavy, blondes, brown or fair", "Coarse, straight or wavy, black or brown", "Thick, woolly, curly and self spiraled"),
    ("Hair cross-section", "Oval", "Round", "Flattened"),
]

for r_idx, row_data in enumerate(t1_data):
    row = table1.rows[r_idx + 1]
    for c_idx, cell_text in enumerate(row_data):
        fill_table_cell(row.cells[c_idx], cell_text)

doc.add_paragraph()

# Table 3.2
p_t2 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_t2.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run_t2 = p_t2.add_run("Table 3.2: Differentiating Features of Hairs in Different Races")
run_t2.bold = True
run_t2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_t2.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_t2)

table2 = doc.add_table(rows=7, cols=4)
table2.style = 'Table Grid'
table2.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

t2_headers = ["Characters", "Caucasians", "Mongolian", "Negro"]
for i, h in enumerate(t2_headers):
    fill_table_cell(table2.rows[0].cells[i], h, bold=True, italic=True, center=True)

t2_data = [
    ("Features", "Straight or wavy, blondes brown or fair", "Coarse, straight or wavy, black or brown", "Thick, woolly, curly and self spiraled"),
    ("Diameter", "70-100 µm", "90-120 µm", "60-90 µm"),
    ("Cross-section", "Oval", "Round", "Flattened"),
    ("Pigmentation", "Uniform distribution", "Dense abundant through the cross-section", "Dense and clumped towards the periphery"),
    ("Cuticle", "Medium", "Thick", "--"),
    ("Undulation", "Uncommon", "Rare", "Prevalent"),
]
for r_idx, row_data in enumerate(t2_data):
    row = table2.rows[r_idx + 1]
    for c_idx, cell_text in enumerate(row_data):
        fill_table_cell(row.cells[c_idx], cell_text)

doc.add_page_break()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 4: IDENTIFICATION BASED ON RELIGION
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_bold_heading(doc, "3. Identification Based on Religion", size=14)

add_body_para(doc, "Religion can provide important clues in forensic identification. Various religious communities follow specific practices that leave distinct physical marks or characteristics on the body. These include:")

religion_items = [
    "Circumcision: Practiced in Islam, Judaism, and some Christian communities. Absence or presence of the foreskin is an important identifying feature.",
    "Tattooing and markings: Certain Hindu communities bear religious tattoos or tilak marks on the forehead.",
    "Distinctive clothing and articles: Religious groups are often identified by specific clothing, turbans (Sikhs), skull caps (Muslims), or sacred threads (Hindus).",
    "Dietary habits: Certain dietary customs may leave indirect physical evidence.",
    "Hair style: Sikhs maintain uncut hair (kesh); Jewish men may have payot (sidelocks); Hindu monks may have a shikha (tuft of hair).",
    "Body marks and ornaments: Mangalsutra, toe rings, bangles (Hindu married women), or cross (Christians) may indicate religious identity.",
]
for item in religion_items:
    add_bullet(doc, item)

add_body_para(doc, "In forensic practice, religion-based identification is used as a presumptive tool and must be corroborated with other evidence.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 5: IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SEX
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_bold_heading(doc, "4. Identification Based on Sex", size=14)

add_subheading(doc, "Determination of Sex is Important for:")
sex_importance = [
    "For the purpose of identification in living or dead.",
    "For determination of sex of a person when: sex appears ambiguous (doubtful); sex is concealed; a person appears to possess sex organs of both sexes.",
    "For deducing whether an individual can exercise certain Civil Rights reserved to one particular sex only.",
    "For deciding questions related to legitimacy, divorce, paternity, affiliation, heir-ship and also some criminal offences.",
    "In case of national or international sports meet or games.",
]
for i, item in enumerate(sex_importance, 1):
    add_numbered_item(doc, i, item)

add_subheading(doc, "Evidence of Sex")
add_body_para(doc, "The evidence of sex is divided into:")
add_numbered_item(doc, "1", "Presumptive evidence of sex")
add_numbered_item(doc, "2", "Probable evidence of sex")
add_numbered_item(doc, "3", "Positive evidence of sex")

add_subheading(doc, "Presumptive Evidence of Sex")
add_bullet(doc, "It is based on external appearance of an individual considering the general body features and appearance, clothing, body contour, distribution of hairs, habits, voice, inclinations etc.")
add_bullet(doc, "Difficulty arises when someone tries to conceal the sex and behave like a person of the opposite sex.")

add_subheading(doc, "Probable Evidence of Sex")
add_bullet(doc, "It is based on assessment of secondary sexual characteristics such as development of breasts and genitals, presence of vagina in females and penis in males, distribution of subcutaneous fat, muscular development etc.")
add_bullet(doc, "Difficulty arises in intersex conditions or ambiguous conditions when there is mixing of features of both sexes.")

add_subheading(doc, "Positive Evidence of Sex")
add_body_para(doc, "This can be done by confirming:")
add_numbered_item(doc, "1", "Presence of ovaries in females and testis in males, OR")
add_numbered_item(doc, "2", "Presence of Barr bodies and Davidson bodies.")

add_subheading(doc, "Sex of a Person has to be Established in:")
add_numbered_item(doc, "1", "Living person")
add_numbered_item(doc, "2", "Dead person")
add_numbered_item(doc, "3", "Skeletal remains")
add_body_para(doc, "This chapter deals with determination of sex in living and dead person. For determination of sex in skeletal remains (bones) please refer chapter no. 4 - Forensic Osteology.")

add_subheading(doc, "Sex of a Person can be Determined by:")
sex_determination = [
    "Physical/morphological examination",
    "Microscopic examination",
    "Hormone assay",
    "Gonadal biopsy",
    "DNA profiling",
    "Radiological examination",
    "Metric system",
]
for i, item in enumerate(sex_determination, 1):
    add_numbered_item(doc, i, item)

add_subheading(doc, "Physical Examination")
add_body_para(doc, "Sex can be differentiated on physical examination by noting the morphological features of a person. Differences are summarized in Table 3.3.")

# Table 3.3
p_t3 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_t3.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run_t3 = p_t3.add_run("Table 3.3: Differentiating Features Between Male and Female")
run_t3.bold = True
run_t3.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_t3.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_t3)

t3_data_rows = [
    ("Features", "Male", "Female"),
    ("Built", "Muscular and strong", "Less muscular, delicate"),
    ("Height", "More", "Less"),
    ("Weight", "More", "Less"),
    ("Scalp hairs", "Short and coarse", "Long and fine"),
    ("Eyebrow", "Coarse and thick", "Fine and thin"),
    ("Voice", "Hoarse after puberty", "Soft"),
    ("Moustache", "Present", "Absent/rudimentary"),
    ("Beard", "Present", "Absent/rudimentary"),
    ("Hair on pinna", "Present", "Absent"),
    ("Body hairs", "Grow over chest, abdomen, limb", "No significant growth of hairs"),
    ("Pubic hairs", "Thicker, coarse, extend upwards towards navel", "Horizontal, covering only mons pubis, triangular distribution"),
    ("Breast", "Rudimentary", "Well developed"),
    ("Thyroid cartilage angle", "Prominent and angle less than 90°", "Less prominent, angle more than 120°"),
    ("Shoulder and hip", "Broader than hip", "Hip broader than shoulder"),
    ("Chest and abdomen", "Chest dimensions more", "Abdomen dimensions more"),
    ("Waist", "Not well defined", "Well defined"),
    ("Gluteal region", "Flat", "Full and roundish"),
    ("Forearm", "Antero-posteriorly flat", "Roundish"),
    ("Thigh", "Cylindrical", "Conical"),
    ("Wrist and ankle", "Coarse and rough", "Smooth and delicate"),
    ("External genitalia", "Scrotum, testis and penis", "Labia, clitoris, and vagina"),
    ("Internal genitalia", "Vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory ducts", "Ovaries, uterine tube, and uterus"),
]

table3 = doc.add_table(rows=len(t3_data_rows), cols=3)
table3.style = 'Table Grid'
table3.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

for r_idx, row_data in enumerate(t3_data_rows):
    row = table3.rows[r_idx]
    bold_row = (r_idx == 0)
    for c_idx, cell_text in enumerate(row_data):
        fill_table_cell(row.cells[c_idx], cell_text, bold=bold_row, italic=bold_row, center=(c_idx == 0 and r_idx == 0) or (r_idx == 0))

add_subheading(doc, "Microscopic Examination")
add_body_para(doc, "It can be done by determination of:")

p_b1 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_b1.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run_b1a = p_b1.add_run("1. Barr body or sex chromatin ")
run_b1a.bold = True
run_b1a.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b1a.font.size = Pt(12)
run_b1b = p_b1.add_run("(Fig. 3.1)")
run_b1b.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b1b.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_b1)

add_bullet(doc, "Barr bodies or sex chromatins are basophilic intranuclear condensed structure located near the inner surface of nuclear membrane of somatic cells in females.")
add_bullet(doc, "These bodies are absent in males. Thus the females are called as chromatin positive.")
add_bullet(doc, "These bodies are appreciated in the cells of buccal mucosa, skin, cartilage, nerve, amniotic fluid etc. Buccal smears are routinely used.")

p_b2 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_b2.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run_b2a = p_b2.add_run("2. Davidson body ")
run_b2a.bold = True
run_b2a.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b2a.font.size = Pt(12)
run_b2b = p_b2.add_run("(Fig. 3.1)")
run_b2b.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b2b.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_b2)

add_bullet(doc, "Some neutrophils in female demonstrate an additional lobe (drumstick), which is rarely found in males. Davidson described these neutrophilic drumsticks as dense chromatins head 1.5 µ in diameter and are attached to nucleus by a thread like connecting piece.")
add_bullet(doc, "Davidson bodies can be demonstrated in the peripheral smears with Leishman or Giemsa stains.")
add_bullet(doc, "To diagnose female sex by this method, the peripheral smear must show minimum of six percent counts.")

p_b3 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_b3.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run_b3 = p_b3.add_run("3. Karyotyping ")
run_b3.bold = True
run_b3.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b3.font.size = Pt(12)
run_b3b = p_b3.add_run("(Fig. 3.2): In this method human chromosomes are studied in detail. Human cells are grown in tissue culture; treated with the drug colchicine that arrests mitosis at the metaphase of developing cell. The cells are exposed to hypotonic solution that makes the chromosomes swell and disperse and then they are put on slides. Fluorescent or staining technique allows studying the chromosome in detail. The individual chromosomes are usually arranged in an arbitrary pattern (karyotype). The individual chromosomes are identified based on their morphological features.")
run_b3b.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b3b.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_b3)

p_b4 = doc.add_paragraph()
p_b4.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run_b4 = p_b4.add_run("4. Demonstration of Y-chromosome: ")
run_b4.bold = True
run_b4.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b4.font.size = Pt(12)
run_b4b = p_b4.add_run("Y-chromosome present in cells can be demonstrated by quinacrine or acridine stain under fluorescent microscope. The cells from buccal mucosa, hair follicle, leukocyte or dental pulp can be used.")
run_b4b.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_b4b.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_b4)

add_numbered_item(doc, "5", "Tissues from kidneys offered a reliable sex determination when detecting fluorescent Y-bodies. Counts higher than 10 percent in tissue from kidneys indicate male sex of the examining material.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# PAGE 6: REFERENCES
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_bold_heading(doc, "References", size=14)

ref_text = "1.  Bardale R. Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2011."
p_ref = doc.add_paragraph()
p_ref.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
run_ref = p_ref.add_run(ref_text)
run_ref.font.name = 'Times New Roman'
run_ref.font.size = Pt(12)
set_line_spacing_115(p_ref)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# Add footer and page border
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
add_footer_and_page_number(doc, TOPIC)
add_page_border(doc)

# Save
output_path = '/tmp/workspace/forensic-doc/Identification_based_on_Race_Religion_and_Sex.docx'
doc.save(output_path)
print(f"Document saved to: {output_path}")

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

doc = Document()

# ── Page setup: 1-inch margins ──
section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin    = Inches(1)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(1)
section.left_margin   = Inches(1)
section.right_margin  = Inches(1)

TOPIC = "Identification based on Race, Religion and Sex"

# ── Helper: set line-spacing to 1.15 on a paragraph ──
def ls115(para):
    pPr = para._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    sp  = OxmlElement('w:spacing')
    sp.set(qn('w:line'),     '276')   # 276/240 = 1.15
    sp.set(qn('w:lineRule'), 'auto')
    pPr.append(sp)

# ── Helper: bold-heading paragraph ──
def heading(doc, text, size=14, center=False):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER if center else WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    r = p.add_run(text)
    r.bold = True; r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(size)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: sub-heading (bold 12 pt) ──
def subhead(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    r = p.add_run(text)
    r.bold = True; r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: body paragraph ──
def body(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    r = p.add_run(text)
    r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: numbered item ──
def numbered(doc, num, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    r = p.add_run(f"{num}. {text}")
    r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: numbered item with a bold label ──
def numbered_bold_label(doc, num, label, rest):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    r1 = p.add_run(f"{num}. {label}")
    r1.bold = True; r1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r1.font.size = Pt(12)
    r2 = p.add_run(rest)
    r2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r2.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: bullet item ──
def bullet(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3)
    r = p.add_run(u"\u2022  " + text)
    r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: roman/alpha sub-item ──
def subitem(doc, label, text_bold, rest=""):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.5)
    r1 = p.add_run(f"({label}) ")
    r1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r1.font.size = Pt(12)
    r2 = p.add_run(text_bold)
    r2.bold = True; r2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r2.font.size = Pt(12)
    r3 = p.add_run(rest)
    r3.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r3.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: roman/alpha sub-item with no bold label ──
def subitem_plain(doc, label, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.5)
    r = p.add_run(f"({label})  {text}")
    r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: deep sub-item (for A/B under roman) ──
def deep_subitem(doc, label, text_bold, rest=""):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.75)
    r1 = p.add_run(f"{label}. ")
    r1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r1.font.size = Pt(12)
    r2 = p.add_run(text_bold)
    r2.bold = True; r2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r2.font.size = Pt(12)
    r3 = p.add_run(rest)
    r3.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r3.font.size = Pt(12)
    ls115(p); return p

# ── Helper: table cell text ──
def cell_text(cell, text, bold=False, center=False, size=11):
    cell.text = ''
    p = cell.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER if center else WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
    r = p.add_run(text)
    r.bold = bold; r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(size)

# ── Helper: page border ──
def page_border(doc):
    sectPr = doc.sections[0]._sectPr
    pgB = OxmlElement('w:pgBorders')
    pgB.set(qn('w:offsetFrom'), 'page')
    for side in ('top','left','bottom','right'):
        b = OxmlElement(f'w:{side}')
        b.set(qn('w:val'),   'single')
        b.set(qn('w:sz'),    '12')
        b.set(qn('w:space'), '24')
        b.set(qn('w:color'), '000000')
        pgB.append(b)
    sectPr.append(pgB)

# ── Helper: footer with topic name + page number (bottom-right) ──
def add_footer(doc, topic):
    sec = doc.sections[0]
    footer = sec.footer
    footer.is_linked_to_previous = False
    p = footer.paragraphs[0]
    p.clear()
    p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT
    r1 = p.add_run(topic + "    ")
    r1.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r1.font.size = Pt(10)
    r2 = p.add_run()
    r2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r2.font.size = Pt(10)
    for tag, val in [('w:fldChar','begin'), ('w:instrText','PAGE'), ('w:fldChar','end')]:
        el = OxmlElement(tag)
        if tag == 'w:instrText':
            el.text = val
        else:
            el.set(qn('w:fldCharType'), val)
        r2._r.append(el)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 1 – INDEX
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r = p.add_run(TOPIC)
r.bold = True; r.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r.font.size = Pt(14)
ls115(p)
doc.add_paragraph()

p2 = doc.add_paragraph()
r2 = p2.add_run("INDEX")
r2.bold = True; r2.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r2.font.size = Pt(12)
ls115(p2)

idx_table = doc.add_table(rows=7, cols=3)
idx_table.style = 'Table Grid'
idx_table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
for w,col in zip([0.8,4.6,0.8], idx_table.columns):
    col.width = Inches(w)

hdr = idx_table.rows[0]
for txt, cidx in [("Sr. No.",0),("Contents",1),("Page No.",2)]:
    cell_text(hdr.cells[cidx], txt, bold=True, center=True)

entries = [
    ("1.", "Introduction"),
    ("2.", "Identification Based on Race"),
    ("3.", "Identification Based on Religion"),
    ("4.", "Identification Based on Sex"),
    ("5.", "References"),
    ("6.", ""),
]
for i,(sr,ct) in enumerate(entries):
    row = idx_table.rows[i+1]
    cell_text(row.cells[0], sr, center=True)
    cell_text(row.cells[1], ct, center=True)
    cell_text(row.cells[2], "", center=True)

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 2 – INTRODUCTION
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "1. Introduction")

body(doc,
    "Identification is a medico-legal process of establishing the identity of a living "
    "or deceased individual using biological, physical, and circumstantial evidence. "
    "It is one of the most important and challenging aspects of forensic medicine. "
    "Among the many parameters used in forensic identification, race, religion, and sex "
    "are three fundamental biological and social characteristics that provide significant "
    "clues to the investigating officer and the forensic expert alike.")

body(doc,
    "Race refers to the biological grouping of humans based on genetically transmitted "
    "physical differences such as complexion, hair texture, facial features, and skeletal "
    "characteristics. Religion may be inferred from distinctive physical marks, ritual "
    "practices, clothing, or body modifications associated with a particular faith. "
    "Sex determination is essential for the identification of both living and deceased "
    "individuals and has wide-ranging implications in civil law, criminal investigations, "
    "and personal identity matters. [1]")

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 3 – RACE
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "2. Identification Based on Race")

body(doc,
    "Race can be determined by the following characteristics: [1]")

numbered_bold_label(doc, "1", "Complexion: ",
    "The skin is brown in Indians, fair in Europeans and black in Negroes. "
    "It is of limited value.")

numbered_bold_label(doc, "2", "Eyes: ",
    "Indians have dark eyes, Europeans have blue or grey eyes.")

numbered_bold_label(doc, "3", "Hair: ",
    "Indians have black, thin hair; Europeans have fair or light brown or reddish hair. "
    "Indians, Mongolians and Europeans have straight or wavy hair while Negroes have "
    "woolly hair (arranged in spirals). Mongolian hair is coarse and dark and usually "
    "circular on cross-examination and has dense uniform pigmentation and dark medulla. "
    "Negro hair is elongated, oval on cross-section and has dense pigment with an "
    "irregular distribution.")

numbered_bold_label(doc, "4", "Complexion and features: ",
    "Refer to the overall physical features of the face, including the nasal aperture, "
    "forehead, and facial structure.")

numbered_bold_label(doc, "5", "Skeleton \u2013 Cephalic Index: ",
    "The cephalic index or index of breadth of skull is very important:")

body(doc, "Cephalic index = (Maximum breadth of skull / Maximum length of skull) \u00d7 100")
body(doc, "The measurements are made with callipers (Table 3.1).")

# Table 3.1
p_t = doc.add_paragraph()
p_t.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
r_t = p_t.add_run("Table 3.1: Cephalic Index in Relation to Different Skulls and Races")
r_t.bold = True; r_t.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r_t.font.size = Pt(12)
ls115(p_t)

t1 = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=3)
t1.style = 'Table Grid'
t1.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

hrows = [("Types of skull","Cephalic index","Race")]
data1 = [
    ("1.  Dolicho-cephalic (long headed)",  "70\u201375", "Pure Aryans, aborigine Negroes"),
    ("2.  Mesati-cephalic (medium headed)",  "75\u201380", "Europeans and Chinese"),
    ("3.  Brachy-cephalic (short headed)",   "80\u201385", "Mongols"),
]
for ci, txt in enumerate(hrows[0]):
    cell_text(t1.rows[0].cells[ci], txt, bold=True)
for ri, row_data in enumerate(data1):
    for ci, txt in enumerate(row_data):
        cell_text(t1.rows[ri+1].cells[ci], txt)

body(doc,
    "Characteristics of Hindu males are that they are not circumcised, sacred thread, "
    "necklace of wooden beads (Rudraksh), caste marks on forehead, tuft of hair on head "
    "and pierced ear lobes. The Hindu females may have vermilion on scalp, silver toe "
    "ornaments, tattoo marks, nose ring aperture in left nostril, few openings for ear "
    "rings along the helix. Muslim females may have nose ring aperture in septum only, "
    "several openings in ears along the helix. All Muslim males are circumcised.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 4 – RELIGION
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "3. Identification Based on Religion")

body(doc,
    "Religion provides important forensic clues through specific physical marks, body "
    "modifications, clothing, and personal articles associated with religious practices. "
    "Characteristic features seen in different religious communities in India include: [1]")

subhead(doc, "Hindu Males:")
bullet(doc, "Not circumcised.")
bullet(doc, "Wear a sacred thread (Janeu/Yajnopavita).")
bullet(doc, "May have a tuft of hair (Shikha) on the head.")
bullet(doc, "Caste marks (Tilak) on forehead.")
bullet(doc, "Necklace of wooden beads (Rudraksh).")
bullet(doc, "Pierced ear lobes (in many communities).")

subhead(doc, "Hindu Females:")
bullet(doc, "Vermilion (Sindoor) on scalp or forehead.")
bullet(doc, "Silver toe ornaments (Bichiya).")
bullet(doc, "Tattoo marks on various body parts.")
bullet(doc, "Nose ring aperture in left nostril.")
bullet(doc, "Multiple ear-ring openings along the helix.")
bullet(doc, "Bangles and Mangalsutra (in married women).")

subhead(doc, "Muslim Males:")
bullet(doc, "All Muslim males are circumcised \u2013 this is the most important identifying feature.")
bullet(doc, "May wear a skull cap (Taqiyah).")

subhead(doc, "Muslim Females:")
bullet(doc, "Nose ring aperture in the nasal septum only.")
bullet(doc, "Several openings for ear rings along the helix.")

subhead(doc, "Sikh Males:")
bullet(doc, "Uncut hair (Kesh) \u2013 kept in a turban.")
bullet(doc, "Steel bracelet (Kada) on the wrist.")
bullet(doc, "Not circumcised; may carry a small dagger (Kirpan).")

subhead(doc, "Christian Males/Females:")
bullet(doc, "May bear a cross or crucifix as an ornament.")
bullet(doc, "Circumcision not routinely practiced (except in some denominations).")

body(doc,
    "These features must be used as presumptive evidence only, and must be corroborated "
    "with other forensic findings. Religious identity alone is not conclusive for "
    "identification purposes.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 5 – SEX: Clinical Method
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "4. Identification Based on Sex")

body(doc,
    "The sex of an individual can be determined either by clinical method or investigations. [1]")

subhead(doc, "Clinical Method")

body(doc,
    "It is determined by observing secondary sexual characters of the individual. "
    "In males, presence of a well-developed penis and testes, hair on upper lip, chin, "
    "chest, pinna, pubic hair extending towards the naval, underdeveloped breasts and "
    "lesser thyroid angle (about 90\u00b0) are main characteristics for identification. "
    "In females, a well-developed vagina along with labia major and minor with clitoris, "
    "well-developed breasts, greater thyroid angle (about 120\u00b0), pubic hair being "
    "horizontal covering only mons pubis, are the few features which help in identification "
    "of the females. But these characteristics become prominent only after puberty.")

body(doc,
    "The difficulty arises when there is ambiguity of external genitalia and the secondary "
    "sexual characters are unable to confirm the sex.")

subhead(doc, "Concealed Sex")
body(doc,
    "Criminals may try to conceal their sex by dress, or by some other methods to avoid "
    "getting caught. It can be detected easily by clinical, histological, chromosomal or "
    "hormonal studies. In advanced stage of putrefaction, sex of the dead bodies can be "
    "detected by the presence of uterus or prostate, which resist putrefaction.")

subhead(doc, "Sex Determination from Skeleton")
body(doc,
    "If skeleton is available, it is quite useful in the determination of the sex. "
    "The bones of adult females are usually smaller and lighter than that of adult male, "
    "and have less marked ridges and processes for muscular attachments. The frontonasal "
    "junction is not prominent. The orbits have sharp margins and are rounded. The adult "
    "female skull is lighter and smaller. Its cranial capacity being 10 per cent that of "
    "adult male. The protuberances are less prominent. The female thorax is shorter and "
    "wider than that of the male. The sternum of females is shorter and its upper margin "
    "is at the level of the lower part of the body of the third thoracic (dorsal) vertebra "
    "while in males, it is at the level of lower part of the body of the second. The sternal "
    "body is less than twice the length of manubrium in females while it is more than twice "
    "its length in the male.")

body(doc,
    "The pelvis provides most reliable characteristics for distinguishing sex in over 90 "
    "per cent of individuals. The female pelvis is shallower, wider, smoother and less "
    "massive than the male pelvis. The ilium in females are less sloped, their posterior "
    "borders are more rounded and the anterior iliac spines are more widely separated "
    "and the great sciatic notches are much wider, forming almost a right angle, than in "
    "the male. A female sacrum is short and wide, and is sharply curved forward in its "
    "lower half. A male sacrum is long and narrow, has a uniform curvature using its "
    "whole length and may have more than five segments. The obturator foramina are "
    "triangular in females and ovoid in the males. The ischial tuberosities are everted "
    "in males. The acetabula are narrow in the females and wide in the males. The pubic "
    "arch is wider in females, is more rounded, and forms an angle rather than an arch. "
    "The neck of the femur forms almost a right angle with its shaft in female, and an "
    "obtuse angle in the male.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 6 – INVESTIGATIONS for Sex
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "4.1  Investigations for Sex Determination")

body(doc,
    "There are investigations for sex determination which are as follows: [1]")

subhead(doc, "1. Sex Chromatin Study (Barr Body)")
body(doc,
    "The Barr body is present in females and absent in males. It can be easily "
    "demonstrated in buccal smear. The chromosome in the males is fluorescent to "
    "quinacrine and can be demonstrated easily. The determination of sex is quite "
    "important in connection with inheritance, marriage, divorce, sexual offenses, "
    "participation in sports, etc.")

subhead(doc, "Intersex")
body(doc,
    "Intersex is the intermingling of one sex into another. It can be divided into two "
    "categories:")

subitem(doc, "a", "Gonadal agenesis: ",
    "In this condition the testes or ovaries have never been developed. "
    "The nuclear sex test is negative. It is quite rare.")

subitem(doc, "b", "Gonadal dysgenesis: ", "It is mainly of four types:")

subitem(doc, "i",  "Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome: ",
    "In this, the chromosomal pattern is XXY (47 chromosomes). The anatomical structure "
    "is of male but nuclear sex is that of a female. There is delay in puberty, behavioural "
    "disorders and mental retardation. Axillary and pubic hair are absent and hair on chest "
    "and chin are reduced. Gynaecomastia, azoospermia, low level of testosterone, sterility, "
    "increased urinary gonadotrophins, signs of eunuchoidism and increased height are usual "
    "characteristics. Testicular dysgenesis and hyalinisation of seminiferous tubules is "
    "reported. Incidence is 1:500 and increases with advanced maternal age.")

subitem(doc, "ii", "Turner\u2019s syndrome: ",
    "The chromosomal pattern is XO (45 chromosomes). It can be recognised at birth by "
    "oedema of dorsum of hands and feet, loose skin-folds in the nape of neck, low birth "
    "weight, and short stature. In adults, primary amenorrhoea, sterility, lack of primary "
    "and secondary sexual characteristics, increased gonadotrophins excretion, short stature, "
    "pigmented navel, a short fourth metatarsal, webbed neck, shield chest, midset Mongols "
    "nipples, high arched palate, low set ears, slow growth, spina bifida, coarctation of "
    "aorta, septal defects, renal defects, Cushing\u2019s syndrome and high incidence of "
    "diabetes mellitus are usual features. The gonads do not show primordial follicles.")

subitem(doc, "iii", "True hermaphroditism: ",
    "It is a very rare condition, where testes or ovaries co-exist in the body, with "
    "external genitalia of both sexes. The gonads may be present in abdomen, inguinal "
    "canal or labio-scrotal position. There may be uterus or phallus may be penile or "
    "clitoral. The labia may be bifid as in the females or fused resembling scrotum of "
    "the male. They are usually sterile.")

subitem(doc, "iv", "Pseudohermaphroditism: ",
    "In this, external characteristics of one sex may be there with gonads of the "
    "opposite sex.")

deep_subitem(doc, "A", "Male pseudohermaphroditism: ",
    "Nuclear sex is XY but sex organs and sexual characteristics are of female form. "
    "There is testicular feminisation.")

deep_subitem(doc, "B", "Female pseudohermaphroditism: ",
    "Nuclear sex is XX but deviation of sex organs and sexual characters towards male "
    "are seen because of adrenal hyperplasia.")

doc.add_page_break()

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PAGE 7 – REFERENCES
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════
heading(doc, "References")

p_ref = doc.add_paragraph()
p_ref.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
r_ref = p_ref.add_run(
    "1.  Sharma RK. Concise Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. "
    "3rd ed. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2007.")
r_ref.font.name = 'Times New Roman'; r_ref.font.size = Pt(12)
ls115(p_ref)

# ── Apply footer and page border ──
add_footer(doc, TOPIC)
page_border(doc)

# ── Save ──
out = '/tmp/workspace/fmt-rk/Identification_Race_Religion_Sex_RKSharma.docx'
doc.save(out)
print("Saved:", out)