from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, KeepTogether
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import stringWidth
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import registerFontFamily
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.lib.utils import simpleSplit
import os

OUT='/tmp/workspace/passive-voice-handbook/output/Active_and_Passive_Voice_Handbook.pdf'
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(OUT),exist_ok=True)

NAVY=HexColor('#14213D'); BLUE=HexColor('#176B87'); TEAL=HexColor('#00A6A6'); YELLOW=HexColor('#FFD166'); CORAL=HexColor('#EF476F'); PALE=HexColor('#F3FAFC'); INK=HexColor('#263238'); MINT=HexColor('#DDF5EF'); LAV=HexColor('#EEE9FF'); ORANGE=HexColor('#FF9F1C')
styles=getSampleStyleSheet()
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='TitleX', parent=styles['Title'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=30, leading=35, textColor=NAVY, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=14))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='SubtitleX', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=13, leading=18, textColor=BLUE, alignment=TA_CENTER))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H1X', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=19, leading=24, textColor=NAVY, spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=9))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H2X', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=13, leading=17, textColor=BLUE, spaceBefore=9, spaceAfter=5))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='BodyX', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=9.6, leading=13.2, textColor=INK, spaceAfter=5))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='SmallX', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.2, leading=10.5, textColor=INK, spaceAfter=2))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Formula', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10.4, leading=14, textColor=NAVY, backColor=MINT, borderColor=TEAL, borderWidth=.5, borderPadding=6, spaceAfter=7))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='QX', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10.2, leading=13.5, textColor=NAVY, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='AX', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica-Oblique', fontSize=9.2, leading=12.5, textColor=INK, leftIndent=9, spaceAfter=4))

def P(text,style='BodyX'):
    return Paragraph(text,styles[style])

def box(title, body, color=TEAL):
    t=Table([[P('<b>'+title+'</b><br/>'+body,'BodyX')]],colWidths=[17.2*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),PALE),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),.8,color),('LINEBEFORE',(0,0),(0,-1),4,color),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),9),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7)]))
    return t

def tbl(headers, rows, widths=None):
    data=[[P('<b>'+h+'</b>','SmallX') for h in headers]]+[[P(x,'SmallX') for x in row] for row in rows]
    t=Table(data,colWidths=widths, repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),NAVY),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),.35,HexColor('#B9D7DE')),('BACKGROUND',(0,1),(-1,-1),colors.white),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,PALE]),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4)]))
    return t

def footer(canv,doc):
    canv.saveState(); w,h=A4
    canv.setStrokeColor(TEAL); canv.setLineWidth(1); canv.line(1.5*cm,1.15*cm,w-1.5*cm,1.15*cm)
    canv.setFont('Helvetica',8); canv.setFillColor(BLUE)
    canv.drawString(1.5*cm,.72*cm,'ACTIVE ↔ PASSIVE VOICE')
    canv.drawRightString(w-1.5*cm,.72*cm,str(doc.page))
    canv.restoreState()

story=[]
# cover
story += [Spacer(1,2.0*cm), P('ACTIVE ↔ PASSIVE', 'TitleX'), P('VOICE HANDBOOK','TitleX'), Spacer(1,.35*cm), P('Clear structures • reliable transformations • confident practice','SubtitleX'), Spacer(1,1.0*cm)]
cover=Table([[P('<font size="18"><b>Say what matters.</b></font><br/><br/>Use active voice when the doer is the focus. Use passive voice when the action, result, receiver, or process deserves the focus.<br/><br/><b>Learn the pattern. Keep the tense. Choose the focus.</b>','BodyX')]],colWidths=[14.8*cm],rowHeights=[6.3*cm])
cover.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),MINT),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),2,TEAL),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'MIDDLE'),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),25),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),25)]))
story += [cover, Spacer(1,1.2*cm), P('A practical guide to changing active sentences into passive sentences and passive sentences into active sentences.', 'SubtitleX'), PageBreak()]

story += [P('1. The central idea','H1X'), P('Voice changes the <b>focus</b>, not the basic event. In an active sentence, the subject performs the action. In a passive sentence, the receiver of the action becomes the grammatical subject.'), tbl(['Active voice','Passive voice'],[['The committee approved the proposal.','The proposal was approved (by the committee).'],['Researchers are testing the vaccine.','The vaccine is being tested (by researchers).']], [8.6*cm,8.6*cm]), Spacer(1,.25*cm), P('The passive is possible only with a <b>transitive verb</b>: a verb that has an object. <i>They built a bridge.</i> can become passive. An intransitive verb such as <i>arrive, sleep, disappear</i> has no object, so it cannot normally form a passive.'), box('Focus test','Ask: <b>Who or what should the reader notice first?</b> Choose active for the doer; choose passive for the action, result, receiver, or unknown doer.',CORAL), P('2. The master formula','H1X'), P('<b>Active:</b> subject + verb + object<br/><b>Passive:</b> object + appropriate form of <i>be</i> + past participle (+ by + agent)','Formula'), P('The object of the active sentence moves to the beginning and becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The main verb becomes a past participle. The tense is carried by <i>be</i>.'), tbl(['Step','Example'],[['1. Find the object','The editor <b>rejected the article</b>.'],['2. Move it to subject position','<b>The article</b> ...'],['3. Keep the tense in be','The article <b>was</b> ...'],['4. Use past participle','The article was <b>rejected</b>.'],['5. Add agent only if useful','The article was rejected <b>by the editor</b>.']], [4.2*cm,13*cm]), PageBreak()]

story += [P('3. Tense map: active to passive','H1X'), P('Keep the original time and aspect. Change the main verb to a past participle; put the tense in <i>be</i>.'), tbl(['Active form','Passive formula','Example'],[
['present simple','am / is / are + V3','People publish the report. → The report <b>is published</b>.'],
['past simple','was / were + V3','They cancelled the flight. → The flight <b>was cancelled</b>.'],
['present continuous','am / is / are being + V3','They are reviewing it. → It <b>is being reviewed</b>.'],
['past continuous','was / were being + V3','They were repairing it. → It <b>was being repaired</b>.'],
['present perfect','has / have been + V3','They have completed it. → It <b>has been completed</b>.'],
['past perfect','had been + V3','They had sent it. → It <b>had been sent</b>.'],
['future with will','will be + V3','They will announce it. → It <b>will be announced</b>.'],
['be going to','am / is / are going to be + V3','They are going to launch it. → It <b>is going to be launched</b>.'],
['modal','modal + be + V3','They must protect data. → Data <b>must be protected</b>.'],
['modal perfect','modal + have been + V3','They may have overlooked it. → It <b>may have been overlooked</b>.'],
], [3.9*cm,5.2*cm,8.1*cm]), Spacer(1,.3*cm), box('Memory line','<b>be</b> carries the grammar: <i>is, was, being, been, will be, must be</i>. The lexical verb stays in V3: <i>written, made, sent, discovered</i>.',ORANGE), P('4. Questions, negatives and short answers','H1X'), tbl(['Form','Active','Passive'],[['negative','They did not invite us.','We <b>were not invited</b>.'],['yes/no question','Did they invite you?','<b>Were</b> you invited?'],['wh-question','When did they announce it?','When <b>was</b> it announced?'],['short answer','Did they approve it? Yes, they did.','Was it approved? Yes, it was.']], [3.4*cm,6.9*cm,6.9*cm]), PageBreak()]

story += [P('5. Passive to active: the reverse route','H1X'), P('To return to active voice, identify the receiver, the passive verb phrase, and any agent. Put the agent in subject position and make it do the action. Preserve the tense and meaning.'), P('Passive: <b>The contract was signed by both parties.</b><br/>Active: <b>Both parties signed the contract.</b>','Formula'), tbl(['Step','What to do'],[['1. Locate the passive subject','the contract'],['2. Find the agent','by both parties'],['3. Make the agent active subject','Both parties ...'],['4. Turn be + V3 into active verb','... signed ...'],['5. Return the passive subject to object position','... signed the contract.']], [5.4*cm,11.8*cm]), box('When no agent is named','Do not invent a precise person. Use a logical general subject only if the context supports it: <i>The road was closed.</i> → <i>The authorities closed the road.</i> Otherwise, the passive may be better because the doer is unknown or unimportant.',TEAL), P('Pronoun switch','H2X'), tbl(['Passive phrase','Active agent'],[['by me','I'],['by you','you'],['by him / her / them','he / she / they'],['by us','we'],['by whom?','who?']], [8.5*cm,8.7*cm]), P('Example: <i>The invitation was sent to <b>me</b> by <b>her</b>.</i> → <i><b>She</b> sent the invitation to <b>me</b>.</i>'), P('6. Choosing whether to name the agent','H1X'), tbl(['Use <i>by + agent</i> when...','Omit it when...'],[['the doer is important or surprising: <i>The mural was painted by a local artist.</i>','the doer is unknown: <i>My phone was stolen.</i>'],['you need to assign responsibility: <i>The error was caused by the supplier.</i>','the doer is obvious: <i>The suspect was arrested.</i>'],['the identity adds useful information: <i>The novel was translated by Liu.</i>','the focus is on the result or process: <i>The bridge was completed in May.</i>']], [8.55*cm,8.55*cm]), PageBreak()]

story += [P('7. Special structures','H1X'), P('A. Verbs with two objects','H2X'), P('With <i>give, send, show, tell, offer, lend, promise</i> and similar verbs, either object can often become the passive subject.'), tbl(['Active','Passive option 1','Passive option 2'],[['They offered <b>me</b> a position.','<b>I</b> was offered a position.','<b>A position</b> was offered to me.'],['The guide showed <b>us</b> the route.','<b>We</b> were shown the route.','<b>The route</b> was shown to us.']], [5.6*cm,5.8*cm,5.8*cm]), P('B. Prepositional verbs','H2X'), P('Keep the preposition after the verb: <i>They looked after the child.</i> → <i>The child was looked after.</i> <br/><i>Someone has tampered with the evidence.</i> → <i>The evidence has been tampered with.</i>'), P('C. Imperatives','H2X'), P('<b>Active:</b> Keep the door closed. <br/><b>Passive:</b> Let the door be kept closed. <br/><b>Active:</b> Do not touch the controls. <br/><b>Passive:</b> Let the controls not be touched. (In natural English, a notice often says: <i>The controls must not be touched.</i>)'), P('D. Infinitives and -ing forms','H2X'), tbl(['Active','Passive'],[['We expect them to finish the project.','We expect the project <b>to be finished</b>.'],['They want someone to repair it.','They want it <b>to be repaired</b>.'],['I dislike people interrupting me.','I dislike <b>being interrupted</b>.'],['They expected someone to have informed us.','We expected <b>to have been informed</b>.']], [8.6*cm,8.6*cm]), PageBreak()]

story += [P('8. Reporting and impersonal passives','H1X'), P('Reporting verbs include <i>say, believe, think, report, know, expect, consider, assume, allege</i>. These patterns are common in formal writing and news reports.'), tbl(['Pattern','Example'],[['It + passive reporting verb + that-clause','<b>It is believed that</b> the painting is authentic.'],['subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive','The painting <b>is believed to be</b> authentic.'],['perfect infinitive for an earlier action','The painting <b>is believed to have been</b> stolen in 1984.'],['continuous infinitive for an ongoing action','The team <b>is thought to be working</b> on a solution.']], [6.7*cm,10.5*cm]), box('Active reversal','<i>It is believed that the painting is authentic.</i> → <i>People believe that the painting is authentic.</i><br/><i>The team is thought to be working on a solution.</i> → <i>People think that the team is working on a solution.</i>',CORAL), P('9. Get, have and causative forms','H1X'), tbl(['Structure','Meaning and example'],[['get + V3','often an event, change, or informal result: <i>He got promoted last month.</i>'],['have + object + V3','arrange for a service: <i>We had the roof repaired.</i>'],['get + object + V3','arrange a service, often more informal: <i>I got my laptop fixed.</i>'],['have + object + base verb','cause or persuade someone to act: <i>The manager had the assistant call the client.</i>']], [6.7*cm,10.5*cm]), P('Be careful: <i>I had my wallet stolen</i> describes an unwanted experience, not an arranged service.'), P('10. Common errors to avoid','H1X'), tbl(['Incorrect','Correct','Why'],[['The report <s>is wrote</s>.','The report <b>is written</b>.','Use V3, not past simple.'],['It <s>was happened</s>.','It <b>happened</b>.','<i>Happen</i> has no object.'],['The task <s>has completed</s>.','The task <b>has been completed</b>.','Perfect passive needs <i>been</i>.'],['The bridge <s>is building</s>.','The bridge <b>is being built</b>.','Continuous passive needs <i>being</i>.'],['She was explained the rule.','The rule was explained <b>to her</b>.','<i>Explain</i> does not take a person directly.']], [3.8*cm,4.5*cm,8.9*cm]), PageBreak()]

story += [P('11. A fast transformation checklist','H1X'), tbl(['Active → passive','Passive → active'],[['1. Is there an object?','1. Who is the agent, if any?'],['2. Make the object the new subject.','2. Put the agent in subject position.'],['3. Identify tense / modal / aspect.','3. Keep tense, aspect and modality.'],['4. Use the correct form of <i>be</i>.','4. Use the active main verb.'],['5. Add V3.','5. Move the former subject back to object position.'],['6. Decide whether <i>by + agent</i> helps.','6. Do not invent an agent without context.']], [8.6*cm,8.6*cm]), Spacer(1,.3*cm), box('One-minute audit','Check agreement: <i>The results <b>were</b> published.</i> Check participle: <i>was <b>written</b></i>. Check aspect: <i>has <b>been</b> completed</i>. Check meaning: do not change who did what to whom.',YELLOW), P('12. Mini-reference: irregular V3 forms','H1X'), tbl(['Base verb','V3','Base verb','V3','Base verb','V3'],[['be','been','begin','begun','break','broken'],['build','built','choose','chosen','do','done'],['draw','drawn','drive','driven','eat','eaten'],['give','given','know','known','make','made'],['read','read','see','seen','send','sent'],['speak','spoken','take','taken','teach','taught'],['think','thought','write','written','find','found']], [2.8*cm]*6), P('13. Style choice','H1X'), P('Active voice is often shorter and more direct: <i>The board approved the budget.</i> Passive voice can be more objective, tactful, or focused on the outcome: <i>The budget was approved.</i> Neither voice is automatically better. Select the one that makes the important information easy to find.'), PageBreak()]

# conversation practice
qs=[
('Your proposal was rejected after a lengthy review. How would you respond to the feedback?','I would ask for the specific criteria that were not met and request examples from the assessment. I would then revise the proposal rather than treating the decision as final.'),
('A major policy has been introduced without much public consultation. What should happen next?','The policy should be explained transparently, and the people affected should be invited to comment. If substantial concerns are raised, the policy should be reconsidered.'),
('Have you ever had a useful skill taught to you by an unexpected person?','Yes. I was taught basic repair skills by a neighbour who enjoyed restoring old bicycles. The lessons were informal, but they made me much more independent.'),
('If confidential information were leaked, who should be held accountable?','Responsibility should be investigated carefully. The person who disclosed the information should be accountable, but weak procedures may also have contributed to the breach.'),
('What products should be repaired rather than replaced?','Devices with replaceable batteries, clothing with minor damage, and furniture made from solid materials should usually be repaired. Replacement should not be the default response.'),
('A historical monument is being restored in your city. What principles should guide the work?','The original character should be preserved, and any new materials should be clearly documented. The work should be guided by evidence rather than by fashionable design.'),
('What achievements are often overlooked in your field of interest?','Behind-the-scenes work is often overlooked. For example, careful editing, maintenance, and data cleaning may be dismissed even though major results are built on them.'),
('When is it reasonable for a decision to be made by experts rather than by the public?','Specialist decisions should be made by experts when technical evidence is central, but the reasons should still be communicated in language the public can understand.'),
('How should a workplace respond when an employee is unfairly criticised?','The criticism should be examined before it is repeated. The employee should be given a chance to respond, and a correction should be issued if the claim is unfounded.'),
('What traditions in your community are being preserved, and why?','Local food traditions and oral histories are being preserved because they connect people with places and generations. They also prevent a simplified version of the past from being accepted.'),
('Should public transport be made free?','It could be made free for groups who depend on it most, but the funding would need to be secured. Otherwise, service quality might be reduced.'),
('What should be done when an artwork is considered offensive?','The work should be discussed in context rather than immediately removed. Audiences should be informed about the concerns, while artistic freedom should also be protected.'),
('What has been changed in education because of technology?','Many resources have been digitised, and feedback is now often delivered online. However, some skills have not been improved simply by moving them to a screen.'),
('How can people ensure that their online identity is not misrepresented?','Privacy settings should be reviewed regularly, and inaccurate content should be challenged promptly. People should also consider what impression is created by old material that remains public.'),
('What is believed to be the most urgent environmental problem where you live?','Air quality is widely believed to be the most urgent issue, especially near busy roads. It is thought to affect health as well as daily comfort.'),
('When should a mistake be forgiven, and when should it be penalised?','An honest mistake should usually be treated as an opportunity to learn. Repeated negligence, particularly when others are harmed, should be addressed more firmly.'),
('What kinds of news stories are likely to be exaggerated?','Stories involving fear, conflict, or celebrities are often exaggerated because attention is easily attracted by them. Claims should be checked before they are shared.'),
('How would you react if your work had been used without permission?','I would first collect evidence showing how it had been used. I would contact the person responsible and ask for credit, removal, or an appropriate agreement.'),
('What services should be provided by local government?','Reliable waste collection, safe public spaces, and accessible transport should be provided. These services affect everyone and should not depend entirely on private income.'),
('What ideas are often presented as new even though they have been tried before?','Flexible working and project-based learning are often presented as entirely new. In reality, versions of both have been tested before, although the context has changed.'),
('How should artificial intelligence be regulated?','High-risk uses should be assessed independently, and decisions that affect rights should be explainable. People should be told when they are being evaluated by an automated system.'),
('What would you do if you were offered a prestigious job that conflicted with your values?','I would ask how the role is carried out in practice and whether the conflict could be resolved. If my values would repeatedly be compromised, I would decline the offer.'),
('Which achievements deserve to be celebrated more publicly?','Community care, scientific collaboration, and long-term environmental work deserve more attention. Their effects may not be immediately visible, but they benefit many people.'),
('How can a company rebuild trust after customers have been misled?','The misleading claim should be acknowledged clearly, compensation should be offered where appropriate, and future communication should be checked more carefully.'),
('What household tasks should be shared more fairly?','Planning, cleaning, and caring responsibilities should be shared, not just visible tasks. Much of the organising work is done quietly and is not always recognised.'),
('How should cultural objects acquired during colonial periods be dealt with?','Their history should be investigated openly, and claims from communities of origin should be taken seriously. In some cases, objects should be returned or shared through long-term agreements.'),
('What can be learned from a project that was considered a failure?','The assumptions that were made can be examined, and weak points can be identified. A failed project may reveal risks that would otherwise have been ignored.'),
('Should people be judged for opinions they expressed years ago?','The context should be considered, and people should be allowed to show that their views have changed. At the same time, serious harm should not simply be excused.'),
('What should be done to reduce food waste?','Surplus food should be redistributed where possible, clearer date labels should be used, and consumers should be shown how to store food effectively.'),
('Which decisions should never be made solely by an algorithm?','Decisions about criminal justice, medical treatment, child protection, and employment should never be made solely by an algorithm. Human judgement and accountability are required.'),
('How are languages changed by migration?','New vocabulary is introduced, pronunciation patterns are influenced, and mixed varieties are created. These changes are often criticised at first but later become accepted.'),
('What might be lost if all communication were automated?','Nuance, empathy, and responsibility might be lost. A message can be generated automatically, but the human relationship behind it cannot be fully reproduced.'),
('What was the most valuable criticism you have been given?','I was told that my explanations assumed too much background knowledge. That criticism helped me make my writing clearer and more considerate of readers.'),
('How should universities be funded?','They should be funded in a way that protects independent research and widens access. Students should not be burdened with costs that prevent participation.'),
('What changes would you like to see made in your neighbourhood?','More trees should be planted, crossings should be made safer, and unused buildings should be converted into useful community spaces.')]
story += [P('14. Conversation practice','H1X'), P('Speak for one or two minutes on each prompt. The sample answer is a model, not the only possible response.'), PageBreak()]
for start in range(0,len(qs),5):
    story += [P('Conversation practice '+str(start+1)+'–'+str(min(start+5,len(qs))),'H1X')]
    for i,(q,a) in enumerate(qs[start:start+5],start+1):
        story += [P(str(i)+'. '+q,'QX'), P('<b>Sample answer:</b> '+a,'AX')]
    story.append(PageBreak())

# exercises
ex1=[
'People <b>manufacture</b> these components in Germany.','The committee <b>is considering</b> the proposal.','Someone <b>stole</b> my bicycle last night.','They <b>have postponed</b> the meeting.','The team <b>had completed</b> the test before noon.','They <b>will announce</b> the results tomorrow.','You <b>must submit</b> the form by Friday.','Someone <b>is going to inspect</b> the building.','They <b>were interviewing</b> candidates all day.','People <b>may have misunderstood</b> the warning.']
ex2=[
'The final report <b>was approved by the board</b>.','The equipment <b>is being checked</b> before each flight.','The documents <b>have been misplaced</b>.','A new station <b>will be built</b> near the hospital.','The child <b>was looked after</b> by her aunt.','The data <b>should not be shared</b> without consent.','The sculpture <b>is believed to have been created</b> in the 18th century.','We <b>were offered</b> a refund.','The roof <b>had been damaged</b> during the storm.','The client <b>is being sent</b> a revised contract.']
ex3=[
'The software <b>is updating</b> overnight.','The problem <b>was occurred</b> yesterday.','The letters <b>have sent</b> already.','A solution <b>is being find</b>.','She was explained the procedure.','The house was built <b>by 2010</b>.','The manager made the assistants <b>to work</b> late.','The report <b>is completed</b> at the moment.','The guests <b>were arrived</b> late.','It is said <b>that he to be</b> abroad.']
story += [P('15. Exercises','H1X'), P('Complete each task before checking the answer key.'), P('A. Change active sentences to passive','H2X')]
for i,s in enumerate(ex1,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+s,'BodyX'))
story += [P('B. Change passive sentences to active','H2X')]
for i,s in enumerate(ex2,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+s,'BodyX'))
story += [P('C. Correct the passive-voice error','H2X')]
for i,s in enumerate(ex3,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+s,'BodyX'))
story += [PageBreak(),P('Answer key','H1X'),P('A. Active to passive','H2X')]
a1=['These components are manufactured in Germany.','The proposal is being considered by the committee.','My bicycle was stolen last night.','The meeting has been postponed.','The test had been completed before noon.','The results will be announced tomorrow.','The form must be submitted by Friday.','The building is going to be inspected.','Candidates were being interviewed all day.','The warning may have been misunderstood.']
for i,a in enumerate(a1,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+a,'BodyX'))
story += [P('B. Passive to active','H2X')]
a2=['The board approved the final report.','Someone checks the equipment before each flight.','Someone has misplaced the documents.','They will build a new station near the hospital.','Her aunt looked after the child.','People should not share the data without consent.','People believe that someone created the sculpture in the 18th century.','They offered us a refund.','The storm had damaged the roof.','Someone is sending the client a revised contract.']
for i,a in enumerate(a2,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+a,'BodyX'))
story += [P('C. Corrections','H2X')]
a3=['The software is being updated overnight.','The problem occurred yesterday.','The letters have already been sent.','A solution is being found.','The procedure was explained to her.','The house was built in 2010.','The manager made the assistants work late.','The report is being completed at the moment.','The guests arrived late.','It is said that he is abroad.']
for i,a in enumerate(a3,1): story.append(P(str(i)+'. '+a,'BodyX'))
story += [Spacer(1,.3*cm),box('Keep practising','Read formal notices, news reports, reviews, and academic summaries. Underline passive verb phrases, identify the tense, and decide whether the agent has been named or omitted.',TEAL)]

doc=SimpleDocTemplate(OUT,pagesize=A4,rightMargin=1.8*cm,leftMargin=1.8*cm,topMargin=1.5*cm,bottomMargin=1.55*cm,title='Active and Passive Voice Handbook',author='')
doc.build(story,onFirstPage=footer,onLaterPages=footer)
print(OUT)

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak
import os
OUT='/tmp/workspace/passive-voice-handbook/output/Active_Passive_Voice_Handbook.pdf'
N=HexColor('#17324D'); B=HexColor('#176B87'); T=HexColor('#00A6A6'); C=HexColor('#EF476F'); Y=HexColor('#FFD166'); P=HexColor('#F1FAFC'); I=HexColor('#263238'); M=HexColor('#E0F4EF')
s=getSampleStyleSheet()
def st(n,base,size,lead,color,**kw): s.add(ParagraphStyle(name=n,parent=s[base],fontName=kw.pop('fontName','Helvetica'),fontSize=size,leading=lead,textColor=color,**kw))
st('title','Title',29,34,N,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceAfter=8)
st('sub','Normal',13,18,B,alignment=TA_CENTER)
st('h1','Heading1',19,24,N,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=5,spaceAfter=9)
st('h2','Heading2',13,17,B,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=9,spaceAfter=5)
st('body','BodyText',9.4,13,I,spaceAfter=5)
st('tiny','BodyText',8.1,10.4,I,spaceAfter=2)
st('formula','BodyText',10.3,14,N,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',backColor=M,borderColor=T,borderWidth=.6,borderPadding=6,spaceAfter=7)
st('q','BodyText',10,13.3,N,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=6,spaceAfter=2)
st('a','BodyText',9.1,12.3,I,fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',leftIndent=10,spaceAfter=4)
def p(x,k='body'): return Paragraph(x,s[k])
def table(head,rows,widths):
 d=[[p('<b>'+x+'</b>','tiny') for x in head]]+[[p(x,'tiny') for x in r] for r in rows]
 t=Table(d,colWidths=widths,repeatRows=1);t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),N),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),.35,HexColor('#B5D7DF')),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,P]),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4)]));return t
def note(title,text,col=T):
 t=Table([[p('<b>'+title+'</b><br/>'+text)]],colWidths=[17.2*cm]);t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),P),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),.8,col),('LINEBEFORE',(0,0),(0,-1),4,col),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),9),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7)]));return t
def foot(c,d):
 c.saveState();w,h=A4;c.setStrokeColor(T);c.line(1.5*cm,1.12*cm,w-1.5*cm,1.12*cm);c.setFont('Helvetica',8);c.setFillColor(B);c.drawString(1.5*cm,.7*cm,'ACTIVE ↔ PASSIVE VOICE');c.drawRightString(w-1.5*cm,.7*cm,str(d.page));c.restoreState()
S=[]
S += [Spacer(1,2*cm),p('ACTIVE ↔ PASSIVE','title'),p('VOICE HANDBOOK','title'),Spacer(1,.35*cm),p('Clear structures • accurate transformations • confident practice','sub'),Spacer(1,1*cm),note('Change the focus, not the event.','Active voice foregrounds the doer. Passive voice foregrounds the action, result, or receiver.'),Spacer(1,1*cm),p('A practical guide with formulas, advanced patterns, 35 conversation prompts, exercises, and a final answer key.','sub'),PageBreak()]
S += [p('1. The central idea','h1'),p('Voice changes the <b>focus</b>, not the basic meaning. In active voice, the subject performs the action. In passive voice, the receiver of the action becomes the grammatical subject.'),table(['Active','Passive'],[['The committee approved the proposal.','The proposal was approved (by the committee).'],['Researchers are testing the vaccine.','The vaccine is being tested (by researchers).']],[8.6*cm,8.6*cm]),Spacer(1,.2*cm),p('The passive normally needs a <b>transitive verb</b>, a verb with an object. <i>They built a bridge</i> can become passive. Verbs such as <i>arrive, sleep, happen</i> have no object and cannot normally be passivized.'),note('Focus test','Ask: <b>Who or what should the reader notice first?</b> Use active for the doer. Use passive for the action, result, receiver, or an unknown doer.',C),p('2. The master formula','h1'),p('<b>Active:</b> subject + verb + object<br/><b>Passive:</b> object + appropriate form of <i>be</i> + past participle (+ by + agent)','formula'),p('The active object moves into subject position. The tense and aspect move into <i>be</i>. The main lexical verb changes to its past participle (V3).'),table(['Step','Example'],[['1. Find the object','The editor rejected <b>the article</b>.'],['2. Make it the subject','<b>The article</b> ...'],['3. Preserve tense in be','The article <b>was</b> ...'],['4. Add V3','The article was <b>rejected</b>.'],['5. Name agent only if useful','The article was rejected <b>by the editor</b>.']],[4.2*cm,13*cm]),PageBreak()]
S += [p('3. Tense and modal map','h1'),p('Keep the original time and aspect. Change the main verb to V3; put grammatical information into <i>be</i>.'),table(['Active form','Passive formula','Example'],[['present simple','am / is / are + V3','They publish it. → It <b>is published</b>.'],['past simple','was / were + V3','They cancelled it. → It <b>was cancelled</b>.'],['present continuous','am / is / are being + V3','They are reviewing it. → It <b>is being reviewed</b>.'],['past continuous','was / were being + V3','They were repairing it. → It <b>was being repaired</b>.'],['present perfect','has / have been + V3','They have completed it. → It <b>has been completed</b>.'],['past perfect','had been + V3','They had sent it. → It <b>had been sent</b>.'],['will future','will be + V3','They will announce it. → It <b>will be announced</b>.'],['be going to','am / is / are going to be + V3','They are going to inspect it. → It <b>is going to be inspected</b>.'],['modal','modal + be + V3','They must protect data. → Data <b>must be protected</b>.'],['perfect modal','modal + have been + V3','They may have missed it. → It <b>may have been missed</b>.']],[3.7*cm,5.5*cm,8*cm]),note('Memory line','<b>be</b> carries the grammar: <i>is, was, being, been, will be, must be</i>. The lexical verb stays V3: <i>written, made, sent, discovered</i>.',Y),p('Questions and negatives','h2'),table(['Form','Active','Passive'],[['negative','They did not invite us.','We <b>were not invited</b>.'],['yes/no question','Did they invite you?','<b>Were</b> you invited?'],['wh-question','When did they announce it?','When <b>was</b> it announced?'],['short answer','Did they approve it? Yes, they did.','Was it approved? Yes, it was.']],[3.4*cm,6.9*cm,6.9*cm]),PageBreak()]
S += [p('4. Passive to active','h1'),p('To reverse a passive sentence, identify the receiver, passive verb phrase, and any agent. Put the agent in subject position and make it perform the action. Preserve tense and meaning.'),p('Passive: <b>The contract was signed by both parties.</b><br/>Active: <b>Both parties signed the contract.</b>','formula'),table(['Step','What to do'],[['1. Locate passive subject','the contract'],['2. Find agent','by both parties'],['3. Make agent active subject','Both parties ...'],['4. Restore the active verb','... signed ...'],['5. Make old subject object','... signed the contract.']],[5.4*cm,11.8*cm]),note('No stated agent?','Do not invent a precise person. If context supports it, use a general agent: <i>The road was closed.</i> → <i>The authorities closed the road.</i> Otherwise the passive may be the most accurate choice.'),p('Agents: use or omit?','h2'),table(['Use by + agent when...','Omit it when...'],[['the doer is important: <i>The mural was painted by a local artist.</i>','the doer is unknown: <i>My phone was stolen.</i>'],['responsibility matters: <i>The error was caused by the supplier.</i>','the doer is obvious: <i>The suspect was arrested.</i>'],['the identity adds information: <i>The novel was translated by Liu.</i>','the result matters most: <i>The bridge was completed in May.</i>']],[8.55*cm,8.55*cm]),p('Pronoun switch: by me → I; by him → he; by her → she; by them → they; by us → we. Example: <i>The invitation was sent to me by her.</i> → <i>She sent the invitation to me.</i>'),PageBreak()]
S += [p('5. Advanced structures','h1'),p('Two objects','h2'),p('With <i>give, send, show, tell, offer, lend, promise</i>, either object can often become the passive subject.'),table(['Active','Passive option 1','Passive option 2'],[['They offered <b>me</b> a position.','<b>I</b> was offered a position.','<b>A position</b> was offered to me.'],['The guide showed <b>us</b> the route.','<b>We</b> were shown the route.','<b>The route</b> was shown to us.']],[5.6*cm,5.8*cm,5.8*cm]),p('Prepositional and phrasal verbs','h2'),p('Keep the preposition or particle with the verb: <i>They looked after the child.</i> → <i>The child was looked after.</i> <br/><i>Someone has tampered with the evidence.</i> → <i>The evidence has been tampered with.</i>'),p('Infinitives and -ing forms','h2'),table(['Active','Passive'],[['They want someone to repair it.','They want it <b>to be repaired</b>.'],['I dislike people interrupting me.','I dislike <b>being interrupted</b>.'],['They expected someone to have informed us.','We expected <b>to have been informed</b>.']],[8.6*cm,8.6*cm]),p('Reporting and impersonal passive','h2'),table(['Pattern','Example'],[['It + passive reporting verb + that','<b>It is believed that</b> the painting is authentic.'],['subject + passive reporting verb + infinitive','The painting <b>is believed to be</b> authentic.'],['perfect infinitive for earlier action','The painting <b>is believed to have been</b> stolen.'],['continuous infinitive for ongoing action','The team <b>is thought to be working</b> on a solution.']],[6.7*cm,10.5*cm]),note('Active reversal','<i>It is believed that the painting is authentic.</i> → <i>People believe that the painting is authentic.</i>',C),PageBreak()]
S += [p('6. Causatives, imperatives, and common errors','h1'),p('Causative forms','h2'),table(['Structure','Meaning and example'],[['get + V3','event or change: <i>He got promoted last month.</i>'],['have + object + V3','arrange a service: <i>We had the roof repaired.</i>'],['get + object + V3','informal service arrangement: <i>I got my laptop fixed.</i>'],['have + object + base verb','cause an action: <i>The manager had the assistant call.</i>']],[6.7*cm,10.5*cm]),p('Imperatives','h2'),p('<b>Active:</b> Keep the door closed. <b>Passive:</b> Let the door be kept closed.<br/><b>Active:</b> Do not touch the controls. Natural notice: The controls must not be touched.'),p('Frequent mistakes','h2'),table(['Incorrect','Correct','Reason'],[['The report <s>is wrote</s>.','The report <b>is written</b>.','Use V3, not past simple.'],['It <s>was happened</s>.','It <b>happened</b>.','Happen has no object.'],['The task <s>has completed</s>.','The task <b>has been completed</b>.','Perfect passive needs been.'],['The bridge <s>is building</s>.','The bridge <b>is being built</b>.','Continuous passive needs being.'],['She was explained the rule.','The rule was explained <b>to her</b>.','Explain does not take a person directly.']],[3.8*cm,4.5*cm,8.9*cm]),note('Fast audit','Check agreement, V3, aspect, and meaning. Do not change who did what to whom.'),PageBreak()]
qs=[('Your proposal was rejected after a lengthy review. How would you respond?','I would ask which criteria were not met and request examples from the assessment. I would revise the proposal rather than treating the decision as final.'),('A policy has been introduced without consultation. What should happen next?','The policy should be explained transparently, and people affected by it should be invited to comment.'),('Have you had a useful skill taught to you by an unexpected person?','I was taught basic repair skills by a neighbour who restored old bicycles. The informal lessons made me more independent.'),('If confidential information were leaked, who should be accountable?','The disclosure should be investigated carefully. The person responsible should be accountable, but weak procedures may also have contributed.'),('What products should be repaired rather than replaced?','Devices with replaceable batteries, clothing with minor damage, and solid furniture should usually be repaired.'),('A monument is being restored. What should guide the work?','Its original character should be preserved, and new materials should be documented. Evidence should guide the work.'),('What achievements are often overlooked?','Behind-the-scenes work is often overlooked. Major results are frequently built on editing, maintenance, and data cleaning.'),('When should a decision be made by experts?','Specialist decisions should be made by experts when technical evidence is central, but the reasons should still be communicated clearly.'),('How should unfair criticism at work be handled?','The criticism should be examined before it is repeated. The employee should be allowed to respond.'),('What traditions are being preserved in your community?','Food traditions and oral histories are being preserved because they connect people with places and generations.'),('Should public transport be made free?','It could be made free for people who depend on it most, if reliable funding can be secured.'),('What should happen when art is considered offensive?','The work should be discussed in context rather than immediately removed. Audiences should be informed about the concerns.'),('What has been changed in education by technology?','Many resources have been digitised, and feedback is often delivered online. Not every skill has been improved by a screen.'),('How can an online identity avoid being misrepresented?','Privacy settings should be reviewed regularly, and inaccurate content should be challenged promptly.'),('What is believed to be the most urgent local environmental problem?','Air quality is widely believed to be the most urgent issue near busy roads. It is thought to affect health.'),('When should a mistake be forgiven?','An honest mistake should usually be treated as an opportunity to learn. Repeated negligence should be addressed more firmly.'),('What news stories are likely to be exaggerated?','Stories involving fear, conflict, or celebrities are often exaggerated because attention is attracted by them.'),('How would you react if your work had been used without permission?','I would collect evidence and contact the person responsible. Credit, removal, or an agreement should be requested.'),('What services should be provided by local government?','Reliable waste collection, safe public spaces, and accessible transport should be provided.'),('What ideas are presented as new although they have been tried before?','Flexible working and project-based learning are often presented as new, though versions have been tested before.'),('How should artificial intelligence be regulated?','High-risk uses should be assessed independently, and decisions affecting rights should be explainable.'),('What would you do if you were offered a prestigious job that conflicted with your values?','I would ask how the role is carried out. If my values would be repeatedly compromised, I would decline it.'),('Which achievements deserve more public celebration?','Community care, scientific collaboration, and environmental work deserve more attention because many people benefit.'),('How can a company rebuild trust after customers have been misled?','The claim should be acknowledged clearly, compensation should be offered, and future communication should be checked.'),('What household tasks should be shared more fairly?','Planning, cleaning, and caring responsibilities should be shared. Organising work is often done quietly and not recognised.'),('How should colonial-era cultural objects be dealt with?','Their history should be investigated openly, and claims from communities of origin should be taken seriously.'),('What can be learned from a failed project?','The assumptions that were made can be examined, and risks that might have been ignored can be identified.'),('Should people be judged for old opinions?','Context should be considered, and people should be allowed to show that their views have changed.'),('What should be done to reduce food waste?','Surplus food should be redistributed, clearer date labels should be used, and storage skills should be taught.'),('Which decisions should never be made solely by an algorithm?','Decisions about criminal justice, medical treatment, child protection, and employment should not be made solely by algorithms.'),('How are languages changed by migration?','New vocabulary is introduced, pronunciations are influenced, and mixed varieties are created.'),('What might be lost if communication were automated?','Nuance, empathy, and responsibility might be lost. A message can be generated, but human relationships cannot be fully reproduced.'),('What was the most valuable criticism you have been given?','I was told that my explanations assumed too much knowledge. That criticism helped my writing become clearer.'),('How should universities be funded?','They should be funded in a way that protects independent research and widens access.'),('What changes would you like to see made in your neighbourhood?','More trees should be planted, crossings should be made safer, and unused buildings should be converted into community spaces.')]
S += [p('7. Conversation practice','h1'),p('Speak for one or two minutes per prompt. Each sample answer models useful passive structures.','body')]
for i,(q,a) in enumerate(qs,1):
 S += [p(f'{i}. {q}','q'),p('<b>Sample answer:</b> '+a,'a')]
 if i in [8,16,24,30]: S.append(PageBreak())
S += [PageBreak(),p('8. Exercises','h1'),p('Complete every task before checking the final answer key.'),p('A. Change active to passive','h2')]
a=['People manufacture these components in Germany.','The committee is considering the proposal.','Someone stole my bicycle last night.','They have postponed the meeting.','The team had completed the test before noon.','They will announce the results tomorrow.','You must submit the form by Friday.','Someone is going to inspect the building.','They were interviewing candidates all day.','People may have misunderstood the warning.']
for i,x in enumerate(a,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [p('B. Change passive to active','h2')]
b=['The final report was approved by the board.','The equipment is being checked before each flight.','The documents have been misplaced.','A new station will be built near the hospital.','The child was looked after by her aunt.','The data should not be shared without consent.','The sculpture is believed to have been created in the 18th century.','We were offered a refund.','The roof had been damaged during the storm.','The client is being sent a revised contract.']
for i,x in enumerate(b,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [p('C. Correct the error','h2')]
c=['The software is updating overnight.','The problem was occurred yesterday.','The letters have sent already.','A solution is being find.','She was explained the procedure.','The house was built by 2010.','The report is completed at the moment.','The guests were arrived late.','It is said that he to be abroad.','The bridge is building now.']
for i,x in enumerate(c,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [PageBreak(),p('Answer key','h1'),p('A. Active to passive','h2')]
ka=['These components are manufactured in Germany.','The proposal is being considered by the committee.','My bicycle was stolen last night.','The meeting has been postponed.','The test had been completed before noon.','The results will be announced tomorrow.','The form must be submitted by Friday.','The building is going to be inspected.','Candidates were being interviewed all day.','The warning may have been misunderstood.']
for i,x in enumerate(ka,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [p('B. Passive to active','h2')]
kb=['The board approved the final report.','Someone checks the equipment before each flight.','Someone has misplaced the documents.','They will build a new station near the hospital.','Her aunt looked after the child.','People should not share the data without consent.','People believe that someone created the sculpture in the 18th century.','They offered us a refund.','The storm had damaged the roof.','Someone is sending the client a revised contract.']
for i,x in enumerate(kb,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [p('C. Corrections','h2')]
kc=['The software is being updated overnight.','The problem occurred yesterday.','The letters have already been sent.','A solution is being found.','The procedure was explained to her.','The house was built in 2010.','The report is being completed at the moment.','The guests arrived late.','It is said that he is abroad.','The bridge is being built now.']
for i,x in enumerate(kc,1):S.append(p(f'{i}. {x}'))
S += [Spacer(1,.25*cm),note('Keep practising','In news reports, reviews, instructions, and academic summaries, underline passive verb phrases. Identify the tense, V3, and whether the agent is named or omitted.')]
d=SimpleDocTemplate(OUT,pagesize=A4,leftMargin=1.8*cm,rightMargin=1.8*cm,topMargin=1.5*cm,bottomMargin=1.55*cm,title='Active and Passive Voice Handbook')
d.build(S,onFirstPage=foot,onLaterPages=foot)
print(OUT)

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/passive-voice-handbook/src/create_handbook.py'

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, KeepTogether
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import stringWidth

OUT='/tmp/workspace/passive-voice-handbook/output/Active_Passive_Voice_Handbook_Revised.pdf'
NAVY=HexColor('#17324D'); TEAL=HexColor('#00A6A6'); BLUE=HexColor('#176B87'); PINK=HexColor('#EF476F'); GOLD=HexColor('#FFD166'); PALE=HexColor('#F1FAFC'); MINT=HexColor('#E0F4EF'); INK=HexColor('#263238')
ss=getSampleStyleSheet()
def add(n,parent,size,leading,color=INK,**kw): ss.add(ParagraphStyle(n,parent=ss[parent],fontName=kw.pop('fontName','Helvetica'),fontSize=size,leading=leading,textColor=color,**kw))
add('vh_title','Title',28,33,NAVY,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceAfter=5)
add('vh_sub','Normal',12,16,BLUE,alignment=TA_CENTER,spaceAfter=14)
add('vh_h1','Heading1',19,24,NAVY,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=6,spaceAfter=9)
add('vh_h2','Heading2',13,17,BLUE,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=8,spaceAfter=5)
add('vh_body','BodyText',9.2,12.4,INK,spaceAfter=5)
add('vh_small','BodyText',8.05,10.4,INK,spaceAfter=2)
add('vh_formula','BodyText',10,13.4,NAVY,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',backColor=MINT,borderColor=TEAL,borderWidth=.6,borderPadding=6,spaceAfter=7)
add('vh_q','BodyText',9.5,12.5,NAVY,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',spaceBefore=5,spaceAfter=2)
add('vh_ans','BodyText',9,12,INK,fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',leftIndent=9,spaceAfter=3)
def P(txt,style='vh_body'): return Paragraph(txt,ss[style])
def heading(txt): return P(txt,'vh_h1')
def sub(txt): return P(txt,'vh_h2')
def note(label,txt,color=TEAL):
    t=Table([[P(f'<b>{label}</b><br/>{txt}')]],colWidths=[17.2*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),PALE),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),.8,color),('LINEBEFORE',(0,0),(0,-1),4,color),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),9),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7)]))
    return t
def tbl(headers,rows,widths):
    data=[[P('<b>'+x+'</b>','vh_small') for x in headers]]+[[P(x,'vh_small') for x in r] for r in rows]
    t=Table(data,colWidths=widths,repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),NAVY),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),.35,HexColor('#B5D7DF')),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,PALE]),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4)]))
    return t
def footer(c,doc):
    c.saveState(); w,h=A4; c.setStrokeColor(TEAL); c.line(1.5*cm,1.08*cm,w-1.5*cm,1.08*cm); c.setFont('Helvetica',8); c.setFillColor(BLUE); c.drawString(1.5*cm,.7*cm,'Active and Passive Voice'); c.drawRightString(w-1.5*cm,.7*cm,f'Page {doc.page}'); c.restoreState()

doc=SimpleDocTemplate(OUT,pagesize=A4,rightMargin=1.5*cm,leftMargin=1.5*cm,topMargin=1.55*cm,bottomMargin=1.45*cm)
story=[]
story += [Spacer(1,2.1*cm),P('ACTIVE &amp; PASSIVE VOICE','vh_title'),P('Transformations, examples, conversation practice and exercises','vh_sub'),note('Core pattern','<b>Active:</b> subject + verb + object &nbsp;&nbsp;→&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Passive:</b> object + suitable form of <i>be</i> + past participle (+ by + agent).',PINK),Spacer(1,8),P('A clear transformation handbook','vh_h2'),P('Use active voice when the doer is the main focus. Use passive voice when the receiver of the action, the result, or the process is more important. Keep the original tense, modal, and meaning unchanged.'),PageBreak()]
story += [heading('1. How to Change Active Voice to Passive Voice'),P('Use this four-step method.'),P('1. Find the object of the active sentence.<br/>2. Move that object to the subject position.<br/>3. Keep the tense or modal by choosing the correct form of <i>be</i>.<br/>4. Change the main verb to its past participle (V3). Add <i>by + agent</i> only when it matters.'),P('<b>Example:</b> The committee approved the proposal. → The proposal <b>was approved</b> by the committee.','vh_formula'),note('Quick check','The passive needs an object in the active sentence. Intransitive verbs such as <i>arrive</i>, <i>sleep</i>, and <i>happen</i> normally cannot be made passive.'),sub('Tense and modal formulas'),tbl(['Active tense or form','Passive formula','Example'],[
('present simple','am / is / are + V3','They publish the report. → The report <b>is published</b>.'),('past simple','was / were + V3','They published the report. → The report <b>was published</b>.'),('present continuous','am / is / are being + V3','They are reviewing the file. → The file <b>is being reviewed</b>.'),('past continuous','was / were being + V3','They were reviewing the file. → The file <b>was being reviewed</b>.'),('present perfect','has / have been + V3','They have solved the issue. → The issue <b>has been solved</b>.'),('past perfect','had been + V3','They had solved the issue. → The issue <b>had been solved</b>.'),('future','will be + V3','They will announce results. → Results <b>will be announced</b>.'),('modal','modal + be + V3','They must follow rules. → Rules <b>must be followed</b>.'),('perfect modal','modal + have been + V3','They might have missed it. → It <b>might have been missed</b>.')],[3.2*cm,5.2*cm,8.8*cm]),PageBreak()]
story += [heading('2. How to Change Passive Voice to Active Voice'),P('Reverse the process only when the agent is stated or can be chosen accurately. Do not invent a specific doer if the passive sentence deliberately leaves it unknown.'),P('1. Find the passive subject.<br/>2. Identify the V3 and the form of <i>be</i>.<br/>3. Put the stated agent after <i>by</i> into subject position.<br/>4. Restore the main verb in the same tense, aspect, or modal form.'),P('<b>Example:</b> The proposal was approved by the committee. → The committee <b>approved</b> the proposal.','vh_formula'),note('Agent choice','If no agent is given, use a general subject only when it is natural: <i>People say that...</i>, <i>Someone has damaged...</i>, or <i>The company will send...</i>. Keep the passive if an active subject would be inaccurate or distracting.',PINK),sub('Special patterns'),tbl(['Pattern','Model'],[
('Two objects','They gave <b>me</b> a scholarship. → <b>I</b> was given a scholarship. / A scholarship was given <b>to me</b>.'),('Questions','Did they cancel the meeting? → <b>Was the meeting cancelled?</b>'),('Negatives','They did not release the data. → The data <b>was not released</b>.'),('Reporting verbs','People believe that she resigned. → <b>It is believed that</b> she resigned. / She <b>is believed to have resigned</b>.'),('Prepositional verbs','They dealt with the complaint. → The complaint <b>was dealt with</b>.'),('Infinitive passive','They expect the team to finish. → The team is expected <b>to finish</b>. / The task needs <b>to be finished</b>.'),('Gerund passive','I dislike people interrupting me. → I dislike <b>being interrupted</b>.'),('Causative','They repaired the roof. → We <b>had the roof repaired</b>.')],[4.1*cm,13.1*cm]),PageBreak()]

active_to_passive=[
('Who will chair the negotiation tomorrow?','The negotiation will be chaired by the appointed moderator tomorrow.'),
('Why did the board postpone the vote?','Why was the vote postponed by the board?'),
('How are the researchers verifying the results?','How are the results being verified by the researchers?'),
('Which department has prepared the briefing note?','Which briefing note has been prepared by the department?'),
('When will the team publish the final report?','When will the final report be published by the team?'),
('Have the engineers resolved the security flaw?','Has the security flaw been resolved by the engineers?'),
('Who had approved the budget before the merger?','The budget had been approved before the merger.'),
('Why are they revising the policy now?','Why is the policy being revised now?'),
('Could the panel reconsider the recommendation?','Could the recommendation be reconsidered by the panel?'),
('Who should notify the applicants about the delay?','The applicants should be notified about the delay.'),
('Did the auditors identify any irregularities?','Were any irregularities identified by the auditors?'),
('How might the media interpret the statement?','How might the statement be interpreted by the media?'),
('Why have they excluded several witnesses?','Why have several witnesses been excluded?'),
('Will the agency release the findings next week?','Will the findings be released by the agency next week?'),
('Who is monitoring the implementation of the agreement?','The implementation of the agreement is being monitored.'),
('Did the editor remove the disputed paragraph?','Was the disputed paragraph removed by the editor?'),
('Why had the committee rejected the earlier proposal?','Why had the earlier proposal been rejected by the committee?'),
('Can the company guarantee the delivery date?','Can the delivery date be guaranteed by the company?'),
('Who gave the delegates the updated schedule?','The delegates were given the updated schedule.'),
('Have they offered the candidate a revised contract?','Has the candidate been offered a revised contract?'),
('Why are they asking the public to comment?','Why is the public being asked to comment?'),
('Who dealt with the complaint last month?','The complaint was dealt with last month.'),
('Should we treat this evidence with caution?','Should this evidence be treated with caution?'),
('Did anyone inform you about the change?','Were you informed about the change?'),
('Who is expected to deliver the keynote address?','The keynote address is expected to be delivered by the invited speaker.'),
('Why do people believe that the minister will resign?','Why is it believed that the minister will resign?'),
('Could they have prevented the error?','Could the error have been prevented?'),
('When will they have completed the investigation?','When will the investigation have been completed?'),
('Who must sign the agreement before midnight?','The agreement must be signed before midnight.'),
('Why did they turn down the proposal?','Why was the proposal turned down?'),
('Who is going to announce the winners?','The winners are going to be announced.'),
('Have the technicians installed the new software?','Has the new software been installed by the technicians?'),
('Why were they interviewing the witnesses?','Why were the witnesses being interviewed?'),
('Who could have leaked the confidential memo?','The confidential memo could have been leaked.'),
('How will they evaluate the long-term impact?','How will the long-term impact be evaluated?')]
passive_to_active=[
('When will the contract be signed by the supplier?','When will the supplier sign the contract?'),
('Why was the launch postponed by the organisers?','Why did the organisers postpone the launch?'),
('How is the evidence being examined by the investigators?','How are the investigators examining the evidence?'),
('Which report has been submitted by the legal team?','Which report has the legal team submitted?'),
('Who was invited to the closed meeting?','Who did they invite to the closed meeting?'),
('Has the proposal been accepted by the board?','Has the board accepted the proposal?'),
('Why had the data been deleted before the audit?','Why had someone deleted the data before the audit?'),
('Can the deadline be extended by the client?','Can the client extend the deadline?'),
('Why are the applicants being asked for further documents?','Why are they asking the applicants for further documents?'),
('Could the decision be challenged in court?','Could someone challenge the decision in court?'),
('Were any errors detected by the reviewers?','Did the reviewers detect any errors?'),
('How might the findings be used by policy makers?','How might policy makers use the findings?'),
('Why have several claims been withdrawn?','Why have the claimants withdrawn several claims?'),
('Will the public be consulted before the change?','Will they consult the public before the change?'),
('Is the project being funded by an external donor?','Is an external donor funding the project?'),
('Was the disputed section removed by the editor?','Did the editor remove the disputed section?'),
('Why had the proposal been rejected by the committee?','Why had the committee rejected the proposal?'),
('Can the report be completed by Friday?','Can the team complete the report by Friday?'),
('Were the delegates given a revised timetable?','Did they give the delegates a revised timetable?'),
('Has the candidate been offered a revised contract?','Has the company offered the candidate a revised contract?'),
('Why is the public being asked to comment?','Why are they asking the public to comment?'),
('Was the complaint dealt with promptly?','Did they deal with the complaint promptly?'),
('Should the evidence be treated with caution?','Should we treat the evidence with caution?'),
('Were you informed about the change?','Did anyone inform you about the change?'),
('Is the keynote address expected to be delivered by the invited speaker?','Is the invited speaker expected to deliver the keynote address?'),
('Why is it believed that the minister will resign?','Why do people believe that the minister will resign?'),
('Could the error have been prevented?','Could they have prevented the error?'),
('When will the investigation have been completed?','When will they have completed the investigation?'),
('Must the agreement be signed before midnight?','Must the parties sign the agreement before midnight?'),
('Why was the proposal turned down?','Why did they turn down the proposal?'),
('Are the winners going to be announced tonight?','Are they going to announce the winners tonight?'),
('Has the new software been installed by the technicians?','Have the technicians installed the new software?'),
('Why were the witnesses being interviewed?','Why were they interviewing the witnesses?'),
('Could the confidential memo have been leaked?','Could someone have leaked the confidential memo?'),
('How will the long-term impact be evaluated?','How will they evaluate the long-term impact?')]
def practice(title,direction,items):
    story.append(heading(title)); story.append(note('Practice order',direction,GOLD))
    for i,(q,a) in enumerate(items,1):
        story.append(P(f'{i}. {q}','vh_q')); story.append(P(f'<b>Answer:</b> {a}','vh_ans'))
practice('3. Conversation Practice: Active Voice → Passive Voice','Read each active-voice question. The answer directly below changes it into passive voice.',active_to_passive)
story.append(PageBreak())
practice('4. Conversation Practice: Passive Voice → Active Voice','Read each passive-voice question. The answer directly below changes it into active voice.',passive_to_active)
story.append(PageBreak())
ex_a=[
('The agency will publish the guidance tomorrow.','The guidance will be published by the agency tomorrow.'),('The team is reviewing the applications.','The applications are being reviewed by the team.'),('The auditors found several discrepancies.','Several discrepancies were found by the auditors.'),('They have not announced the outcome.','The outcome has not been announced.'),('Can the panel reconsider the decision?','Can the decision be reconsidered by the panel?'),('They gave each participant a certificate.','Each participant was given a certificate. / A certificate was given to each participant.'),('Someone had damaged the equipment.','The equipment had been damaged.'),('Why did they reject the amendment?','Why was the amendment rejected?'),('The company must follow the regulation.','The regulation must be followed by the company.'),('They might have overlooked the warning.','The warning might have been overlooked.')]
ex_b=[
('The meeting was cancelled by the chair.','The chair cancelled the meeting.'),('The results are being analysed by the researchers.','The researchers are analysing the results.'),('The revised policy has been approved by the board.','The board has approved the revised policy.'),('Will the complaint be investigated?','Will they investigate the complaint?'),('The applicants were given extra time.','They gave the applicants extra time.'),('The evidence should be treated carefully.','We should treat the evidence carefully.'),('The task had been completed before noon.','They had completed the task before noon.'),('Why was the request turned down?','Why did they turn down the request?'),('The data could have been misinterpreted.','Someone could have misinterpreted the data.'),('The announcement will be made by the director.','The director will make the announcement.')]
story += [heading('5. Exercises'),sub('Set A: Active Voice → Passive Voice'),P('Rewrite each sentence in passive voice. Keep the original tense or modal.'),tbl(['No.','Active sentence'],[(str(i),x[0]) for i,x in enumerate(ex_a,1)],[1.2*cm,16*cm]),Spacer(1,10),sub('Set B: Passive Voice → Active Voice'),P('Rewrite each sentence in active voice. Use the stated agent where present. Use a natural general agent only when needed.'),tbl(['No.','Passive sentence'],[(str(i),x[0]) for i,x in enumerate(ex_b,1)],[1.2*cm,16*cm]),PageBreak(),heading('6. Answer Key'),sub('Set A: Active Voice → Passive Voice')]
for i,(_,ans) in enumerate(ex_a,1): story.append(P(f'{i}. {ans}'))
story.append(sub('Set B: Passive Voice → Active Voice'))
for i,(_,ans) in enumerate(ex_b,1): story.append(P(f'{i}. {ans}'))
story.append(note('Final reminder','Preserve tense first, then use <i>be + V3</i>. In an active version, name the agent only when it is stated or naturally appropriate.',PINK))
doc.build(story,onFirstPage=footer,onLaterPages=footer)
print(OUT)

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/passive-voice-handbook/src/create_revised_handbook.py'