notes for storage media for avulsed teeth for university exam of bds final year
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storage media avulsed teeth BDS dental exam notes Hank's balanced salt solution milk
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"avulsed tooth" AND "storage media" AND "periodontal ligament"
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https://contemppediatrdent.org/storage-medium-for-avulsed-te…
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Window of Infectivity - Simple Explanation 🦷
What is it?
There is a specific time period in a baby's life (19 to 33 months of age) when the harmful bacteria called Streptococcus mutans (cavity-causing bacteria) can first enter and settle in the baby's mouth. This time period is called the "Window of Infectivity."
Think of it like an open window - if bacteria get in during this time, they stay for life and cause cavities.
Key Points Made Simple:
1. The Time Window
- Caufield (1996) identified that between 19-33 months of age, a baby's teeth are most vulnerable to getting infected by S. mutans
- This is when baby teeth are actively erupting
2. Best Time to Vaccinate
- The ideal time to vaccinate against dental caries is before teeth erupt (during infancy)
- Vaccinating early = protecting teeth before bacteria even get a chance
3. How the Vaccine Works
- Vaccination stimulates production of salivary IgA (a protective antibody in saliva)
- This IgA blocks the bacteria from sticking to the teeth
- Result: S. mutans cannot colonize (settle in) the mouth
4. Good Bacteria Help Too
- If harmless early bacteria (good bacteria/early colonizers) settle in the mouth first, they compete with and suppress S. mutans from settling during the window period
- This is a natural protective effect
5. Booster Dose
- A booster vaccine dose is needed when the first permanent molars erupt (around 6 years of age)
- This is because new tooth surfaces = new surfaces bacteria can colonize
One-Line Summary:
Between 19-33 months, a baby's mouth has an "open window" for cavity-causing bacteria to enter. Vaccinating before this window closes it - protecting teeth for life.
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Snyder Test - Simple Explanation 🧪
What is it?
A simple lab test that checks how cavity-causing your saliva is - by seeing how fast the bacteria in your saliva produce acid.
Think of it as a "cavity risk meter" for your mouth.
Who invented it?
Marshall L. Snyder in the 1940s - he made it simpler than the older lactobacilli count method.
Principle (How it works - Simple):
The basic idea:
- Bacteria in your mouth (lactobacilli) eat sugar and make acid
- More bacteria = More acid produced
- This test measures that acid to tell cavity risk
Why pH 5 medium is used:
- The test uses a special gel (agar) with pH 5
- At pH 5, only lactobacilli survive - other bacteria cannot grow
- So only the cavity-causing bacteria grow in this test
The Color Indicator (Bromocresol Green):
A dye is added that changes color as acid increases:
| Color | pH | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 🔵 Blue | 5.0 | No acid yet / Neutral |
| 🟢 Green | 4.6 | Some acid |
| 🟡 Light Yellow | 4.2 | More acid |
| 🟨 Definite Yellow | 3.8 | Lots of acid = High cavity risk |
How to Prepare the Medium:
- Mix 61g of Snyder's powder in 1L of boiling water
- Adjust pH using glacial acetic acid
- Pour 5 mL into each sterile test tube
- Store in refrigerator until use
Procedure (Step by Step - Simple):
Step 1 - Collect saliva
- Patient chews paraffin wax to stimulate saliva flow
- Collect the stimulated whole saliva
Step 2 - Prepare the tube
- Take tube from fridge, heat to 100°C to melt the agar
- Cool it down to 45°C (important - not too hot or it kills bacteria)
- Add 0.1 mL of patient's saliva
- Shake well and put in incubator at 37°C
Step 3 - Read results
- Check color at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours
- Score it 1 to 4 based on color change
Reading the Result:
| Score | Color Change | Cavity Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | No color change (stays blue) | Low risk |
| 2 | Light green | Slight risk |
| 3 | Light yellow | Moderate risk |
| 4 | Definite yellow | High risk ⚠️ |
One-Line Summary:
Patient's saliva is mixed with special colored agar - if the color turns yellow quickly, the patient has high cavity risk because of lots of acid-producing bacteria.
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