📋 BLUEPRINT - Nursing Management and Leadership

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.platypus.flowables import Flowable
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import Drawing, Rect, String, Line, Circle, Polygon, Arrow
from reportlab.graphics import renderPDF
from reportlab.graphics.charts.barcharts import VerticalBarChart
import reportlab.graphics.shapes as shapes

# ─── Color Palette ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY       = colors.HexColor("#1A3557")
TEAL       = colors.HexColor("#1B7A8A")
LIGHT_TEAL = colors.HexColor("#E8F4F6")
GOLD       = colors.HexColor("#D4A017")
ORANGE     = colors.HexColor("#E8691C")
LIGHT_GRAY = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
MID_GRAY   = colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")
DARK_GRAY  = colors.HexColor("#444444")
WHITE      = colors.white
RED        = colors.HexColor("#C0392B")
GREEN      = colors.HexColor("#1E8449")
PURPLE     = colors.HexColor("#6C3483")
BLUE_LIGHT = colors.HexColor("#D6EAF8")

W, H = A4  # 595.27 x 841.89 pts

# ─── Styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def style(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

COVER_TITLE    = style("CoverTitle",   fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=26, textColor=WHITE,     alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=8)
COVER_SUB      = style("CoverSub",     fontName="Helvetica",        fontSize=13, textColor=LIGHT_TEAL, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)
COVER_INFO     = style("CoverInfo",    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=11, textColor=GOLD,       alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=3)

CHAP_TITLE     = style("ChapTitle",    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=16, textColor=WHITE,      alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)
SECTION_HEAD   = style("SectionHead",  fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=13, textColor=NAVY,       spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4, borderPad=2)
SUB_HEAD       = style("SubHead",      fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=11, textColor=TEAL,       spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3)
BODY           = style("Body",         fontName="Helvetica",        fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GRAY, leading=14, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
BODY_BOLD      = style("BodyBold",     fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GRAY, leading=14)
BULLET         = style("Bullet",       fontName="Helvetica",        fontSize=9,   textColor=DARK_GRAY, leading=13, leftIndent=14, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1)
DEF_TERM       = style("DefTerm",      fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=10,  textColor=NAVY,      spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=1)
DEF_BODY       = style("DefBody",      fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GRAY, leading=13, leftIndent=10, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
NOTE           = style("Note",         fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",fontSize=8.5, textColor=ORANGE,    spaceBefore=2)
TABLE_HEADER   = style("TableH",       fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=9,   textColor=WHITE,     alignment=TA_CENTER)
TABLE_CELL     = style("TableC",       fontName="Helvetica",        fontSize=8.5, textColor=DARK_GRAY, alignment=TA_LEFT,  leading=12)
TABLE_CENTER   = style("TableCentre",  fontName="Helvetica",        fontSize=8.5, textColor=DARK_GRAY, alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=12)
EXAM_Q         = style("ExamQ",        fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=9.5, textColor=RED,       spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=1)
MNEMONIC       = style("Mnemonic",     fontName="Helvetica-Bold",   fontSize=11,  textColor=PURPLE,    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=4)


# ─── Reusable Builders ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def chapter_banner(title, color=NAVY):
    d = Drawing(W - 80, 32)
    d.add(Rect(0, 0, W-80, 32, fillColor=color, strokeColor=None))
    d.add(String(10, 10, title, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=14, fillColor=colors.white))
    return d

def section_banner(title):
    d = Drawing(W - 80, 22)
    d.add(Rect(0, 0, W-80, 22, fillColor=TEAL, strokeColor=None))
    d.add(String(8, 6, title, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, fillColor=colors.white))
    return d

def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths=None):
    data = [[Paragraph(h, TABLE_HEADER) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        data.append([Paragraph(str(c), TABLE_CELL) for c in row])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    ts = TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",  (0,0), (-1,0),  NAVY),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1), [LIGHT_GRAY, WHITE]),
        ("GRID",        (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, MID_GRAY),
        ("VALIGN",      (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 4),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ])
    t.setStyle(ts)
    return t

def highlight_box(text, bg=LIGHT_TEAL, border=TEAL):
    t = Table([[Paragraph(text, BODY)]], colWidths=[W-90])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,0),(0,0), bg),
        ("BOX",          (0,0),(0,0), 1, border),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0,0),(0,0), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0),(0,0), 8),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0),(0,0), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(0,0), 6),
    ]))
    return t

def def_box(term, definition):
    t = Table([
        [Paragraph(term, BODY_BOLD)],
        [Paragraph(definition, DEF_BODY)]
    ], colWidths=[W-90])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,0),(0,0), NAVY),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",    (0,0),(0,0), WHITE),
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,1),(0,1), BLUE_LIGHT),
        ("BOX",          (0,0),(0,-1), 0.8, NAVY),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0,0),(0,-1), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0),(0,-1), 8),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0),(0,0), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,-1),(0,-1), 6),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,1),(0,1), 5),
    ]))
    return t

def mnemonic_box(mnemonic, expanded):
    rows = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{ch}</b> - {exp}", BULLET)] for ch, exp in zip(mnemonic, expanded)]
    t = Table(
        [[Paragraph(f"Mnemonic: {mnemonic}", MNEMONIC)]] + rows,
        colWidths=[W-90]
    )
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,0),(0,0), PURPLE),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",    (0,0),(0,0), WHITE),
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,1),(0,-1), colors.HexColor("#F3E5F5")),
        ("BOX",          (0,0),(0,-1), 1, PURPLE),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0,0),(0,-1), 10),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0),(0,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(0,-1), 4),
    ]))
    return t

def exam_tip(text):
    t = Table([[Paragraph(f"★ EXAM TIP: {text}", EXAM_Q)]], colWidths=[W-90])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,0),(0,0), colors.HexColor("#FFF3CD")),
        ("BOX",          (0,0),(0,0), 1, GOLD),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0,0),(0,0), 8),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0),(0,0), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(0,0), 5),
    ]))
    return t


# ─── Diagram Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def management_cycle_diagram():
    """POSDC circular flow diagram"""
    d = Drawing(400, 200)
    cx, cy = 200, 100
    r = 70
    import math
    labels = ["PLANNING", "ORGANIZING", "STAFFING", "DIRECTING", "CONTROLLING"]
    colors_list = [NAVY, TEAL, GREEN, ORANGE, RED]
    for i, (lbl, col) in enumerate(zip(labels, colors_list)):
        angle = math.radians(90 - i * 72)
        x = cx + r * math.cos(angle)
        y = cy + r * math.sin(angle)
        d.add(Circle(x, y, 28, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=2))
        # wrap text
        words = lbl.split()
        for j, w in enumerate(words):
            d.add(String(x, y + 4 - j*9, w, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    # center circle
    d.add(Circle(cx, cy, 22, fillColor=GOLD, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=2))
    d.add(String(cx, cy+3, "NURSE", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(cx, cy-5, "MANAGER", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    # connecting lines
    for i in range(5):
        angle1 = math.radians(90 - i * 72)
        angle2 = math.radians(90 - ((i+1)%5) * 72)
        x1 = cx + (r-28) * math.cos(angle1)
        y1 = cy + (r-28) * math.sin(angle1)
        x2 = cx + (r-28) * math.cos(angle2)
        y2 = cy + (r-28) * math.sin(angle2)
        d.add(Line(x1, y1, x2, y2, strokeColor=MID_GRAY, strokeWidth=0.8))
    return d

def hierarchy_diagram():
    """Hospital organizational hierarchy"""
    d = Drawing(440, 190)
    boxes = [
        (180, 160, 80, 22, "Hospital Director/CEO", NAVY),
        (70,  118, 90, 22, "Medical Superintendent", TEAL),
        (260, 118, 90, 22, "Nursing Superintendent", TEAL),
        (20,  76,  80, 22, "Dept. Heads", GREEN),
        (130, 76,  80, 22, "Asst. Med. Supt.", GREEN),
        (220, 76,  80, 22, "Dy. Nursing Supt.", GREEN),
        (330, 76,  80, 22, "Ward In-Charge", GREEN),
        (75,  34,  80, 22, "Unit Staff", ORANGE),
        (275, 34,  80, 22, "Staff Nurses", ORANGE),
    ]
    lines = [
        (220,160,115,140),(220,160,305,140),
        (115,118,60,98),(115,118,170,98),
        (305,118,260,98),(305,118,370,98),
        (60,76,115,56),(300,76,315,56),
    ]
    for x1,y1,x2,y2 in lines:
        d.add(Line(x1,y1,x2,y2, strokeColor=MID_GRAY, strokeWidth=1))
    for (bx, by, bw, bh, label, col) in boxes:
        d.add(Rect(bx, by, bw, bh, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=1.2, rx=3))
        words = label.split()
        for j, w in enumerate(words):
            d.add(String(bx + bw/2, by + bh/2 + 4 - j*8, w,
                         fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d

def maslow_pyramid():
    """Maslow's hierarchy as a pyramid"""
    d = Drawing(360, 200)
    levels = [
        ("Self-Actualization", colors.HexColor("#1A5276"), 50),
        ("Esteem Needs",       colors.HexColor("#1F618D"), 75),
        ("Social Needs",       colors.HexColor("#2E86C1"), 100),
        ("Safety Needs",       colors.HexColor("#5DADE2"), 130),
        ("Physiological",      colors.HexColor("#85C1E9"), 165),
    ]
    widths = [100, 150, 210, 270, 330]
    base_x = 15
    for i, ((lbl, col, y), w) in enumerate(zip(levels, widths)):
        x = (360 - w) / 2
        d.add(Rect(x, y-20, w, 22, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=1))
        d.add(String(180, y-10, lbl, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
                     fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(180, 8, "MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                 fontSize=8, fillColor=NAVY, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d

def delegation_flowchart():
    """Delegation process flow"""
    d = Drawing(420, 170)
    steps = [
        (20,  125, "Identify\nTask", NAVY),
        (105, 125, "Select\nDelegate", TEAL),
        (190, 125, "Assign\nAuthority", GREEN),
        (275, 125, "Create\nAccountability", ORANGE),
        (360, 125, "Follow\nUp", RED),
    ]
    for i, (x, y, lbl, col) in enumerate(steps):
        d.add(Rect(x, y, 70, 38, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=1.5, rx=4))
        lines = lbl.split("\n")
        for j, line in enumerate(lines):
            d.add(String(x+35, y+24-j*11, line, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                         fontSize=7.5, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
        if i < len(steps)-1:
            d.add(Line(x+70, y+19, x+85, y+19, strokeColor=NAVY, strokeWidth=2))
            # arrowhead
            d.add(Polygon([x+85,y+19, x+80,y+23, x+80,y+15], fillColor=NAVY, strokeColor=NAVY))
    # Three elements of delegation
    d.add(String(210, 95, "3 Elements of Delegation:", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, fillColor=NAVY, textAnchor="middle"))
    elems = [
        (90,  60, "AUTHORITY", NAVY),
        (210, 60, "RESPONSIBILITY", TEAL),
        (330, 60, "ACCOUNTABILITY", RED),
    ]
    for ex, ey, el, col in elems:
        d.add(Rect(ex-50, ey-14, 100, 22, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, rx=3))
        d.add(String(ex, ey-4, el, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(210, 20, "Cannot delegate ACCOUNTABILITY - only AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITY",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=7.5, fillColor=RED, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d

def leadership_styles_diagram():
    """Leadership styles comparison"""
    d = Drawing(440, 160)
    styles_data = [
        ("AUTOCRATIC", NAVY,    20,  100, "Leader decides\nalone. No input\nfrom staff."),
        ("DEMOCRATIC", TEAL,    130, 100, "Leader involves\nstaff. Group\ndecision making."),
        ("LAISSEZ-\nFAIRE",  GREEN,   240, 100, "Full freedom\nto staff. Leader\nis hands-off."),
        ("TRANSFOR-\nMATIONAL", ORANGE, 350, 100, "Inspires vision.\nMotivates\nchange & growth."),
    ]
    for lbl, col, x, y, desc in styles_data:
        # circle
        d.add(Circle(x+30, y+18, 28, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=2))
        for j, w in enumerate(lbl.split("\n")):
            d.add(String(x+30, y+24-j*10, w, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
        # desc box
        d.add(Rect(x, y-50, 60, 42, fillColor=LIGHT_GRAY, strokeColor=MID_GRAY, rx=2))
        for j, line in enumerate(desc.split("\n")):
            d.add(String(x+30, y-15-j*11, line, fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=DARK_GRAY, textAnchor="middle"))
        # connector
        d.add(Line(x+30, y-10, x+30, y-8, strokeColor=MID_GRAY))
    d.add(String(220, 10, "LEADERSHIP STYLES - Key Comparison",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, fillColor=NAVY, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d

def quality_assurance_diagram():
    """PDCA cycle for quality assurance"""
    d = Drawing(320, 180)
    cx, cy = 160, 95
    import math
    quarters = [
        ("PLAN",  NAVY,  135, "Set objectives\n& standards"),
        ("DO",    TEAL,   45, "Implement\nthe plan"),
        ("CHECK", ORANGE,-45, "Evaluate\nresults"),
        ("ACT",   RED,  -135, "Take corrective\naction"),
    ]
    for lbl, col, angle_deg, desc in quarters:
        angle = math.radians(angle_deg)
        x = cx + 55 * math.cos(angle)
        y = cy + 55 * math.sin(angle)
        d.add(Circle(x, y, 32, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=2))
        d.add(String(x, y+5, lbl, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
        # desc outside
        dx = cx + 95 * math.cos(angle)
        dy = cy + 95 * math.sin(angle)
        for j, line in enumerate(desc.split("\n")):
            d.add(String(dx, dy+4-j*9, line, fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=DARK_GRAY, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(Circle(cx, cy, 18, fillColor=GOLD, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=2))
    d.add(String(cx, cy+2, "PDCA", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7, fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
    # circular arrows
    for i in range(4):
        a1 = math.radians(i*90 + 25)
        a2 = math.radians(i*90 + 65)
        x1 = cx + 25 * math.cos(a1); y1 = cy + 25 * math.sin(a1)
        x2 = cx + 25 * math.cos(a2); y2 = cy + 25 * math.sin(a2)
        d.add(Line(x1, y1, x2, y2, strokeColor=WHITE, strokeWidth=0.8))
    d.add(String(cx, 12, "PDCA Cycle - Quality Assurance in Nursing",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, fillColor=NAVY, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d

def budget_types_diagram():
    """Budget types visual"""
    d = Drawing(440, 120)
    budget_types = [
        ("OPERATING\nBUDGET", NAVY,   25, "Day-to-day\nrunning costs"),
        ("CAPITAL\nBUDGET",   TEAL,  115, "Equipment &\ninfrastructure"),
        ("PERSONNEL\nBUDGET", GREEN, 205, "Salaries,\nbonefits, staff"),
        ("ZERO-BASED\nBUDGET", ORANGE,295, "Starts from\nscratch each year"),
        ("PROGRAM\nBUDGET",   PURPLE,385, "Activity /\nprogram-based"),
    ]
    for lbl, col, x, desc in budget_types:
        d.add(Rect(x, 55, 70, 42, fillColor=col, strokeColor=WHITE, rx=3, strokeWidth=1.5))
        for j, w in enumerate(lbl.split("\n")):
            d.add(String(x+35, 82-j*10, w, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=WHITE, textAnchor="middle"))
        for j, line in enumerate(desc.split("\n")):
            d.add(String(x+35, 38-j*10, line, fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=6.5,
                         fillColor=DARK_GRAY, textAnchor="middle"))
        d.add(Line(x+35, 55, x+35, 48, strokeColor=col, strokeWidth=1.5))
    d.add(String(220, 108, "TYPES OF BUDGET IN NURSING", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                 fontSize=8, fillColor=NAVY, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d


# ─── Document Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def build_pdf():
    path = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-management-guide/NursingManagement_StudyGuide_RGUHS.pdf"
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
        path, pagesize=A4,
        leftMargin=2.5*cm, rightMargin=2.5*cm,
        topMargin=2*cm,    bottomMargin=2*cm
    )
    story = []
    sp = Spacer(1, 8)
    sp_lg = Spacer(1, 14)

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # COVER PAGE
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(Spacer(1, 30))
    # Header band
    cover_header = Table([[""]], colWidths=[W-80], rowHeights=[8])
    cover_header.setStyle(TableStyle([("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0),GOLD)]))
    story.append(cover_header)
    story.append(Spacer(1, 0))

    cover_main = Table([[""]], colWidths=[W-80], rowHeights=[260])
    cover_main.setStyle(TableStyle([("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0),NAVY)]))
    story.append(cover_main)

    # We'll overlay text using a Table inside the cover
    story.pop()  # remove blank cover_main, rebuild as content
    cover_content = [
        [Paragraph("RGUHS B.Sc. NURSING", COVER_SUB)],
        [Paragraph("Nursing Management", COVER_TITLE)],
        [Paragraph("& Leadership", COVER_TITLE)],
        [Spacer(1,6)],
        [Paragraph("COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE", COVER_INFO)],
        [Spacer(1,4)],
        [Paragraph("6th Semester | Q.P. Code: 1792", COVER_INFO)],
        [Paragraph("Exam Date: 17 July 2026", COVER_INFO)],
        [Spacer(1,10)],
        [Paragraph("Key Definitions • Diagrams • Mnemonics • Exam Tips", COVER_SUB)],
    ]
    cc_table = Table(cover_content, colWidths=[W-80])
    cc_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),NAVY),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),20),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),20),
    ]))
    story.append(cc_table)

    cover_footer = Table([[""]], colWidths=[W-80], rowHeights=[8])
    cover_footer.setStyle(TableStyle([("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0),GOLD)]))
    story.append(cover_footer)

    story.append(Spacer(1, 20))

    # Exam pattern box on cover
    exam_pattern_data = [
        [Paragraph("EXAM PATTERN", TABLE_HEADER),
         Paragraph("Questions Set", TABLE_HEADER),
         Paragraph("To Answer", TABLE_HEADER),
         Paragraph("Marks Each", TABLE_HEADER),
         Paragraph("Total", TABLE_HEADER)],
        [Paragraph("Long Essay (LE)", TABLE_CELL), Paragraph("3",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("Any 2",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("10",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("20",TABLE_CENTER)],
        [Paragraph("Short Essay (SE)", TABLE_CELL),Paragraph("9",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("Any 7",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("5",TABLE_CENTER),  Paragraph("35",TABLE_CENTER)],
        [Paragraph("Short Answer (SA)",TABLE_CELL),Paragraph("10",TABLE_CENTER),Paragraph("All 10",TABLE_CENTER),Paragraph("2",TABLE_CENTER),  Paragraph("20",TABLE_CENTER)],
        [Paragraph("<b>TOTAL</b>",    TABLE_HEADER),Paragraph("",TABLE_CENTER), Paragraph("",TABLE_CENTER),       Paragraph("",TABLE_CENTER),  Paragraph("<b>75</b>",TABLE_HEADER)],
    ]
    ep_table = Table(exam_pattern_data, colWidths=[130,80,80,80,80])
    ep_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0), NAVY),
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,4),(-1,4), TEAL),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,3),[LIGHT_GRAY,WHITE,LIGHT_GRAY]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,MID_GRAY),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
    ]))
    story.append(ep_table)
    story.append(PageBreak())

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # TABLE OF CONTENTS
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(chapter_banner("📋  TABLE OF CONTENTS"))
    story.append(sp_lg)
    toc_items = [
        ("Unit I",   "Health Care & Development of Nursing Services in India", "3"),
        ("Unit II",  "Management Basics Applied to Nursing",                   "3"),
        ("Unit III", "Planning Nursing Services & Budgeting",                  "5"),
        ("Unit IV",  "Organizing & Delegation",                                "7"),
        ("Unit V",   "Staffing",                                               "9"),
        ("Unit VI",  "Directing & Supervision",                                "10"),
        ("Unit VII", "Controlling & Quality Assurance",                        "11"),
        ("Unit IX",  "Organizational Behavior & Human Relations",              "12"),
        ("Unit X",   "Financial Management",                                   "14"),
        ("Unit XII", "Leadership Theories & Styles",                           "15"),
        ("",         "Quick Reference: Key Definitions A-Z",                   "17"),
        ("",         "Last-Minute Revision Mnemonics",                         "18"),
        ("",         "Blueprint & Expected Questions",                         "19"),
    ]
    for unit, topic, pg in toc_items:
        row_data = [
            [Paragraph(f"<b>{unit}</b>" if unit else "", TABLE_CELL),
             Paragraph(topic, TABLE_CELL),
             Paragraph(pg, TABLE_CENTER)]
        ]
        t = Table(row_data, colWidths=[70, 330, 50])
        t.setStyle(TableStyle([
            ("LINEBELOW",(0,0),(-1,0),0.3,MID_GRAY),
            ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,0),4),
            ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,0),4),
        ]))
        story.append(t)
    story.append(PageBreak())

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT I – HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT I: Health Care & Development of Nursing Services in India"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Health Care Delivery System",
        "An organized system of services, resources, and personnel designed to meet the health needs of a defined population at the national and state level."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(Paragraph("Key Levels of Health Care in India:", SUB_HEAD))
    levels_data = [
        ["Level", "Facility", "Services"],
        ["Primary", "Sub-centre, PHC, CHC", "Preventive, promotive, basic curative"],
        ["Secondary", "District/Taluka Hospital", "Specialist services, emergency care"],
        ["Tertiary", "Medical College/AIIMS/NIMHANS", "Super-specialist, research, training"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(levels_data[0], levels_data[1:], col_widths=[80, 200, 170]))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(highlight_box("<b>Recent Trends in Nursing Management:</b> Ayushman Bharat (PMJAY), National Nursing & Midwifery Commission (NNMC), NHM, NABH accreditation, Nursing Informatics, Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBNP)."))
    story.append(exam_tip("Likely SA: 'Current trends in nursing management' – mention NNMC, NABH, PMJAY, EBP, telenursing."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT II – MANAGEMENT BASICS
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(sp_lg)
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT II: Management Basics Applied to Nursing"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Management (Henri Fayol)",
        "'To manage is to forecast, plan, organize, command, coordinate and control.' Management is the process of achieving organizational goals efficiently and effectively through planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling available resources."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(def_box("Administration",
        "Concerned with formulation of broad objectives, major policies and plans of an organization. Administration is above management."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("POSDC – Functions of Management", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(management_cycle_diagram())
    story.append(sp)

    func_data = [
        ["Function", "Definition", "Nurse Manager's Role"],
        ["Planning",     "Setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve them",              "Patient care plans, duty schedules, policies"],
        ["Organizing",   "Arranging resources and tasks to achieve goals",                     "Org charts, assignment of duties, delegation"],
        ["Staffing",     "Recruiting, selecting, orienting and retaining human resources",     "Manpower planning, recruitment, performance appraisal"],
        ["Directing",    "Leading, motivating and communicating to guide staff toward goals",  "Supervision, motivation, communication, conflict resolution"],
        ["Controlling",  "Monitoring performance and taking corrective action",                 "Audits, incident reports, quality indicators"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(func_data[0], func_data[1:], col_widths=[75, 190, 185]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Management Theories:", SUB_HEAD))
    theories = [
        ["Theory", "Proponent", "Key Concept"],
        ["Scientific Management",       "F.W. Taylor",      "Time & motion study, scientific selection, functional supervision"],
        ["Administrative Theory",       "Henri Fayol",      "14 Principles of management"],
        ["Human Relations Theory",      "Elton Mayo",       "Hawthorne effect – social needs affect productivity"],
        ["Systems Theory",              "Von Bertalanffy",  "Organization as an open system with inputs, process, outputs"],
        ["Contingency Theory",          "Fiedler",          "No single best management style; depends on situation"],
        ["Theory X and Theory Y",       "Douglas McGregor", "X = workers are lazy; Y = workers are self-motivated"],
        ["Bureaucratic Theory",         "Max Weber",        "Rules, hierarchy, division of labor, formal authority"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(theories[0], theories[1:], col_widths=[140, 110, 200]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("POSDC",
        ["Planning", "Organizing", "Staffing", "Directing", "Controlling"]))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("Long Essay: 'Explain the functions of management with reference to the role of Nurse Manager' – use POSDC framework with examples."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT III – PLANNING & BUDGETING
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT III: Planning Nursing Services & Budgeting"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Planning",
        "Planning is the process of deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. It is the most fundamental function of management and bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to be."))
    story.append(sp)

    plan_data = [
        ["Type of Plan", "Description", "Example"],
        ["Strategic Plan",    "Long-term (3-5 yrs), organization-wide",              "Nursing department 5-year expansion plan"],
        ["Operational Plan",  "Short-term, day-to-day activities",                   "Daily duty roster, shift schedules"],
        ["Program Plan",      "Time-bound, specific program",                        "Infection control program plan"],
        ["Standing Plan",     "Repetitive situations – policies, procedures, rules", "Hand hygiene protocol"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(plan_data[0], plan_data[1:], col_widths=[120, 200, 130]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Planning Tools:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(highlight_box(
        "<b>Gantt Chart:</b> A horizontal bar chart developed by Henry Gantt that displays activities/tasks against time. Shows start date, duration and end date of each task. Used for project planning and scheduling.\n\n"
        "<b>Milestone Chart:</b> Similar to Gantt but marks only key events/milestones (decision points) rather than continuous bars. Less detailed than Gantt chart."
    ))
    story.append(sp)

    # Budgeting section
    story.append(Paragraph("BUDGETING IN NURSING", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(def_box("Budget",
        "A budget is a written financial plan for a specific period (usually one year) that projects anticipated revenues and expenditures. It is a quantitative expression of a plan of action."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(budget_types_diagram())
    story.append(sp)

    budget_table = [
        ["Budget Type", "Definition", "Key Feature"],
        ["Operating Budget",   "Annual budget for day-to-day operational expenses",              "Includes salaries, supplies, utilities"],
        ["Capital Budget",     "Budget for major equipment, buildings, renovations",             "Items with life > 1 year, cost > threshold"],
        ["Personnel Budget",   "Largest portion – covers all staff-related costs",               "Salaries, benefits, overtime, agency staff"],
        ["Zero-Based Budget",  "Each budget cycle starts from zero – all expenses justified",   "No carry-over assumptions, very thorough"],
        ["Performance Budget", "Links spending to measurable outputs/outcomes",                  "Eg: cost per patient day"],
        ["Program Budget",     "Allocates funds to specific programs or departments",            "Eg: ICU budget, OT budget"],
        ["Incremental Budget", "Previous year's budget + % increase",                            "Simple but may perpetuate inefficiencies"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(budget_table[0], budget_table[1:], col_widths=[110, 210, 130]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Budget Process Steps:", SUB_HEAD))
    budget_steps = ["1. Assess needs – analyze past data and project future requirements",
                    "2. Estimate revenue – identify income sources",
                    "3. Estimate expenditure – list all expected costs",
                    "4. Prepare budget proposal – submit to administration",
                    "5. Budget approval – review and sign-off by finance committee",
                    "6. Budget implementation – monitor actual vs. planned spending",
                    "7. Budget evaluation – financial audit, variance analysis"]
    for s in budget_steps:
        story.append(Paragraph(f"• {s}", BULLET))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("LONG ESSAY hot topic: 'Define financial budget in nursing. Explain types and principles of budgeting.' Always include a budget proposal format."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT IV – ORGANIZING & DELEGATION
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT IV: Organizing & Delegation"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Organizing",
        "Organizing is the process of arranging resources and tasks to accomplish the organization's goals. It involves creating a structure of roles and relationships to coordinate activities."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Hospital Organizational Hierarchy:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(hierarchy_diagram())
    story.append(sp)

    org_structures = [
        ["Structure", "Description", "Advantages", "Disadvantages"],
        ["Line/Scalar",       "Clear chain of command, top to bottom",          "Simple, clear authority",      "Rigid, overburdens managers"],
        ["Line & Staff",      "Line + advisory/specialist staff",                "Expert advice available",      "Conflict between line & staff"],
        ["Functional",        "Specialists manage their own functional areas",   "Expert supervision",           "Multiple bosses, confusion"],
        ["Matrix",            "Combines functional & project structures",        "Flexible, team-oriented",      "Complex, dual authority"],
        ["Committee",         "Groups make decisions collectively",              "Collective wisdom",            "Slow decision-making"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(org_structures[0], org_structures[1:], col_widths=[80, 150, 120, 110]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(Paragraph("DELEGATION", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(def_box("Delegation",
        "Delegation is the process by which a manager assigns part of his/her authority and responsibility to subordinates to accomplish a specific task. It is the downward transfer of formal authority."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(delegation_flowchart())
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Elements of Delegation:", SUB_HEAD))
    deleg_elements = [
        ["Element", "Definition", "Key Point"],
        ["Authority",       "The right to give orders and take decisions",         "Can be delegated downward"],
        ["Responsibility",  "Obligation to perform assigned tasks",                "Can be shared but not fully transferred"],
        ["Accountability",  "Answerability for the results of the task",           "CANNOT be delegated – remains with delegator"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(deleg_elements[0], deleg_elements[1:], col_widths=[110, 230, 110]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Barriers to Delegation:", SUB_HEAD))
    barriers = ["Fear of losing authority", "Lack of confidence in subordinates",
                "Perfectionism – 'only I can do it right'", "Poor communication skills",
                "Fear of being outperformed by subordinates", "Subordinate's lack of skills or willingness"]
    for b in barriers:
        story.append(Paragraph(f"• {b}", BULLET))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SE expected: 'Define delegation. Explain the elements and scope.' Use the 3-element diagram. Remember: Authority + Responsibility CAN be delegated; Accountability CANNOT."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT V – STAFFING
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT V: Staffing"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Staffing",
        "Staffing is the process of recruiting, selecting, placing, orienting, training, retaining, evaluating and promoting personnel to fill roles in an organization. It is a continuous process."))
    story.append(sp)

    staffing_steps = [
        ["Step", "Activity", "Nurse Manager's Responsibility"],
        ["1. Manpower Planning",   "Assess current and future workforce needs",            "Calculate nurse:patient ratio, workload analysis"],
        ["2. Recruitment",         "Attract qualified candidates",                         "Job posting, campus recruitment, walk-ins"],
        ["3. Selection",           "Choose the best candidates",                           "Written test, interview, reference checks"],
        ["4. Placement",           "Assign to appropriate position",                       "Match skills to ward/unit requirements"],
        ["5. Orientation",         "Introduce to organization and role",                   "Hospital tour, policies, departmental orientation"],
        ["6. Training",            "Develop skills and competencies",                      "In-service education, CME, workshops"],
        ["7. Performance Appraisal","Evaluate employee performance regularly",             "Annual review, 360-degree feedback"],
        ["8. Promotion/Transfer",  "Career advancement or lateral movement",               "Based on performance and organizational need"],
        ["9. Retention",           "Keep talented staff",                                  "Job satisfaction, salary, work environment"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(staffing_steps[0], staffing_steps[1:], col_widths=[90, 170, 190]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(highlight_box(
        "<b>Nurse:Patient Ratio (INC Norms):</b>\n"
        "• General ward: 1 nurse : 6 patients (day), 1:10 (night)\n"
        "• ICU/CCU: 1 nurse : 1-2 patients\n"
        "• OT: 1 scrub nurse + 1 circulating nurse per table\n"
        "• OPD: 1 nurse : 100 OPD patients/day"
    ))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SA: 'Define staffing' – always include the full staffing process, not just recruitment."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT VI – DIRECTING & SUPERVISION
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(sp_lg)
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT VI: Directing & Supervision"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Directing",
        "Directing is the managerial function of guiding, inspiring, communicating, motivating and leading employees toward the achievement of organizational goals. It is the action phase of management."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(def_box("Supervision",
        "Supervision is the process of directing, guiding, inspecting and evaluating the work performance of staff to ensure that activities are carried out according to established standards."))
    story.append(sp)

    sup_data = [
        ["Aspect", "Details"],
        ["Principles",     "Planned, purpose-driven, systematic, constructive, continuous, democratic"],
        ["Methods",        "Direct observation, conferences, written reports, rounds, checklists"],
        ["Types",          "Clinical, administrative, educational, peer supervision"],
        ["Techniques",     "Morning/evening rounds, case conferences, incident review, bedside teaching"],
        ["Supervisor Role","Teacher, mentor, inspector, guide, coordinator, evaluator"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(sup_data[0], sup_data[1:], col_widths=[120, 330]))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SA: 'Principles of supervision' – use PPPSCCD: Planned, Purposeful, Positive, Systematic, Constructive, Continuous, Democratic."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT VII – CONTROLLING & QUALITY ASSURANCE
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT VII: Controlling & Quality Assurance"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Controlling",
        "Controlling is the management function that involves measuring actual performance against established standards and taking corrective action when deviations occur. It is the last and most important function of management."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Quality Assurance (QA)",
        "Quality Assurance is a planned and systematic approach to monitor, evaluate and improve the quality of patient care and nursing services to ensure that standards are consistently met."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("PDCA Cycle (Deming Cycle):", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(quality_assurance_diagram())
    story.append(sp)

    qa_tools = [
        ["QA Tool", "Description"],
        ["Audit",               "Systematic review of records, processes or performance against standards"],
        ["Nursing Audit",       "Evaluation of nursing care quality using patient records, observation"],
        ["Concurrent Audit",    "Evaluation while patient is still in hospital (ongoing care)"],
        ["Retrospective Audit", "Review after discharge (medical records)"],
        ["Prospective Audit",   "Evaluation before care is given (protocols, policies)"],
        ["NABH",                "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals – quality certification body in India"],
        ["Incident Report",     "Written documentation of any unexpected event that could harm patient/staff"],
        ["Patient Satisfaction Survey", "Feedback tool measuring patient's perception of care quality"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(qa_tools[0], qa_tools[1:], col_widths=[160, 290]))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SE: 'Quality Assurance in nursing' – always mention PDCA cycle, types of audit (concurrent/retrospective/prospective), NABH, and standards."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT IX – ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR & HUMAN RELATIONS
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT IX: Organizational Behavior & Human Relations"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Organizational Behavior (OB)",
        "OB is the systematic study of human behavior within organizational settings — how individuals, groups and structures influence and are influenced by behavior inside the organization."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("MOTIVATION THEORIES:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(Paragraph("1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:", BODY_BOLD))
    story.append(maslow_pyramid())
    story.append(sp)

    maslow_table = [
        ["Level", "Needs", "Nursing Application"],
        ["1 - Physiological", "Food, water, sleep, shelter",           "Adequate salary, meal breaks, rest periods"],
        ["2 - Safety",        "Job security, safe environment",         "Orientation, safety protocols, employment contract"],
        ["3 - Social",        "Belonging, friendship, teamwork",        "Team building, staff meetings, mentoring"],
        ["4 - Esteem",        "Recognition, status, achievement",       "Awards, promotion, appreciation, autonomy"],
        ["5 - Self-Actualization", "Self-fulfillment, growth",          "Advanced practice, research, leadership roles"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(maslow_table[0], maslow_table[1:], col_widths=[120, 150, 180]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory:", BODY_BOLD))
    herzberg_data = [
        ["Hygiene Factors (Dissatisfiers)", "Motivators (Satisfiers)"],
        ["Salary, working conditions, policies", "Achievement, recognition, responsibility"],
        ["Supervision, interpersonal relations",  "Advancement, growth, challenging work"],
        ["Job security, status",                  "The work itself"],
        ["Absence causes dissatisfaction",        "Presence causes motivation & job satisfaction"],
    ]
    t = Table(herzberg_data, colWidths=[235, 215])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0), RED),
        ("BACKGROUND",(1,0),(1,0), GREEN),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",(0,0),(-1,0), WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",(0,0),(-1,0),"Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[LIGHT_GRAY,WHITE]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,MID_GRAY),
        ("FONTSIZE",(0,0),(-1,-1),8.5),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
    ]))
    story.append(t)
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("3. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y:", BODY_BOLD))
    xy_data = [
        ["Theory X (Negative Assumptions)", "Theory Y (Positive Assumptions)"],
        ["Workers are inherently lazy",              "Workers are self-motivated"],
        ["Avoid responsibility if possible",          "Seek responsibility when conditions are right"],
        ["Need close supervision & control",          "Can exercise self-direction and self-control"],
        ["Motivated mainly by money/fear",            "Motivated by achievement, recognition, growth"],
        ["Autocratic management style results",       "Democratic/participative management style results"],
    ]
    t2 = Table(xy_data, colWidths=[235, 215])
    t2.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0), NAVY),
        ("BACKGROUND",(1,0),(1,0), TEAL),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",(0,0),(-1,0), WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",(0,0),(-1,0),"Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[LIGHT_GRAY,WHITE]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,MID_GRAY),
        ("FONTSIZE",(0,0),(-1,-1),8.5),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
    ]))
    story.append(t2)
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Collective Bargaining:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(def_box("Collective Bargaining",
        "Collective bargaining is the process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees (represented by a trade union/professional association) aimed at reaching agreements on working conditions, wages, benefits and other employment terms."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(highlight_box(
        "<b>Process of Collective Bargaining:</b>\n"
        "1. Preparation → 2. Bargaining/Negotiation → 3. Agreement → 4. Ratification → 5. Implementation\n\n"
        "<b>Indian Nursing Professional Bodies:</b> INC (Indian Nursing Council), TNAI (Trained Nurses Association of India), NNF (National Neonatal Forum), CNF (Christian Nursing Fellowship)"
    ))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SE: 'Collective bargaining in nursing' – define, give process, role of professional associations (TNAI, INC), advantages and limitations."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT X – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT X: Financial Management"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Financial Management",
        "Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is concerned with procurement and utilization of funds."))
    story.append(sp)

    fm_data = [
        ["Component", "Definition"],
        ["Objectives",   "Maximize resource utilization, cost control, accountability, optimal patient care"],
        ["Elements",     "Revenue, expenditure, cash flow, financial statements, audit"],
        ["Functions",    "Financial planning, procurement, utilization, monitoring, reporting, auditing"],
        ["Principles",   "Accountability, transparency, economy, efficiency, equity, sustainability"],
        ["Scope",        "Budgeting, accounting, auditing, financial reporting, cost analysis, inventory control"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(fm_data[0], fm_data[1:], col_widths=[110, 340]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Financial Audit:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(highlight_box(
        "<b>Financial Audit:</b> A systematic examination and verification of an organization's financial records to ensure accuracy, compliance with regulations, and proper use of funds.\n\n"
        "<b>Types:</b> Internal audit (by organization's own staff), External audit (by independent auditors), Government audit (by Comptroller and Auditor General - CAG).\n\n"
        "<b>Cost-Benefit Analysis:</b> Comparing the total expected cost of a program/intervention against the total expected benefits to determine if it is worth undertaking."
    ))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("SE: 'Define financial budget in nursing. Explain types and principles of financial management.' Distinguish budget from financial management."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNIT XII – LEADERSHIP
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("UNIT XII: Leadership Theories & Styles"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(def_box("Leadership",
        "Leadership is the ability to influence, inspire and guide individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. A leader creates a vision, motivates others and facilitates change. Leadership is an art and science."))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(def_box("Difference: Leader vs. Manager",
        "A MANAGER does things right (efficiency, processes, authority). A LEADER does the right things (vision, inspiration, influence). A good nurse manager should be both."))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Leadership Styles:", SUB_HEAD))
    story.append(leadership_styles_diagram())
    story.append(sp)

    ls_data = [
        ["Style", "Characteristics", "Best Used When"],
        ["Autocratic",       "Leader makes all decisions; strict control; one-way communication",      "Emergency situations, new untrained staff, crisis management"],
        ["Democratic",       "Staff participation in decisions; two-way communication; collaborative", "Experienced staff, quality improvement, team projects"],
        ["Laissez-faire",    "Full freedom to staff; minimal guidance; leader is passive",             "Highly skilled, self-motivated, expert teams"],
        ["Transformational", "Inspires vision; motivates change; appeals to values",                   "Organizational change, innovation, culture transformation"],
        ["Transactional",    "Based on reward and punishment; exchange-based",                         "Routine tasks, short-term goals, performance management"],
        ["Servant",          "Leader serves the team first; empowers others",                          "Building a supportive, ethical nursing culture"],
        ["Situational",      "Adapts style to situation and follower maturity (Hersey & Blanchard)",   "Variable team maturity and skill levels"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(ls_data[0], ls_data[1:], col_widths=[90, 225, 135]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Leadership Theories:", SUB_HEAD))
    lt_data = [
        ["Theory", "Key Concept"],
        ["Great Man Theory",        "Leaders are born, not made – innate qualities"],
        ["Trait Theory",            "Leaders possess specific traits: intelligence, integrity, confidence, decisiveness"],
        ["Behavioral Theory",       "Leadership is learned behavior (Ohio & Michigan studies): task-oriented vs people-oriented"],
        ["Contingency Theory",      "No single best style; effectiveness depends on situation (Fiedler's model)"],
        ["Situational Theory",      "Hersey & Blanchard: adapt style to follower readiness/maturity (4 stages)"],
        ["Transformational Theory", "Burns & Bass: inspire through vision, charisma, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration"],
        ["Path-Goal Theory",        "House: leaders help followers achieve goals by clarifying path and removing obstacles"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(lt_data[0], lt_data[1:], col_widths=[140, 310]))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("Conflict Management (Thomas-Kilmann Model):", SUB_HEAD))
    conflict_data = [
        ["Strategy", "Assertiveness", "Cooperativeness", "Best Used"],
        ["Competing",      "High", "Low",  "Emergency, non-negotiable standards"],
        ["Collaborating",  "High", "High", "Important issues needing full buy-in"],
        ["Compromising",   "Mid",  "Mid",  "Temporary solutions, moderate stakes"],
        ["Avoiding",       "Low",  "Low",  "Trivial issues, cooling-off period"],
        ["Accommodating",  "Low",  "High", "Harmony more important than your position"],
    ]
    story.append(make_table(conflict_data[0], conflict_data[1:], col_widths=[100, 90, 90, 170]))
    story.append(sp)
    story.append(exam_tip("LONG ESSAY: 'Define leadership. Explain theories and styles with merits and demerits.' Must include: Great Man, Trait, Behavioral, Situational, Transformational theories + all 4-5 styles."))

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # KEY DEFINITIONS A-Z
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("QUICK REFERENCE: Key Definitions A-Z"))
    story.append(sp)

    definitions = [
        ("Accountability", "The obligation to accept the consequences of one's actions; answerability for results."),
        ("Authority",      "The legal right to give orders, make decisions and enforce obedience."),
        ("Autocratic Leadership", "Leadership style where the leader makes all decisions independently without staff input."),
        ("Budget",         "A written financial plan estimating revenues and expenditures for a specific period."),
        ("Chain of Command","The formal line of authority, communication and responsibility within an organization."),
        ("Collective Bargaining", "Negotiation between employer and employee union to determine working conditions and wages."),
        ("Controlling",    "Management function of measuring performance against standards and taking corrective action."),
        ("Delegation",     "Transfer of authority and responsibility from manager to subordinate to accomplish a task."),
        ("Democratic Leadership","Leadership where manager involves staff in decision-making process."),
        ("Directing",      "Management function of guiding, motivating and leading staff toward goals."),
        ("Financial Audit","Systematic review of financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance."),
        ("Gantt Chart",    "A bar chart showing tasks scheduled over time; a project management and scheduling tool."),
        ("Group Dynamics", "Forces that affect the nature, behavior and performance of a group."),
        ("Hawthorne Effect","Change in behavior of subjects due to being observed; productivity increases when workers feel noticed."),
        ("Incident Report","Written documentation of unexpected event that caused or could have caused harm."),
        ("Leadership",     "Ability to influence, inspire and guide others toward goal achievement."),
        ("Management",     "Process of achieving goals efficiently through planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling."),
        ("Motivation",     "Internal or external forces that activate, direct and sustain goal-directed behavior."),
        ("NABH",           "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals – quality certification body for healthcare organizations in India."),
        ("Organizing",     "Arranging resources and tasks in a structured way to achieve organizational goals."),
        ("Performance Appraisal","Systematic evaluation of an employee's job performance against set standards."),
        ("Planning",       "Process of deciding in advance what to do, when to do it, how and who will do it."),
        ("Quality Assurance","Systematic approach to ensure nursing care consistently meets established standards."),
        ("Responsibility", "Obligation to perform an assigned task; cannot be fully delegated."),
        ("Span of Control","Number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise directly."),
        ("Staffing",       "Process of recruiting, selecting, orienting, training and retaining personnel."),
        ("Supervision",    "Process of directing, guiding and evaluating staff performance against standards."),
        ("Theory X & Y",   "McGregor's motivational theory: X assumes workers are lazy; Y assumes workers are self-motivated."),
        ("Zero-Based Budget","Budget that starts from zero each period; every expense must be justified anew."),
    ]

    for term, defn in definitions:
        row = Table([[
            Paragraph(f"<b>{term}</b>", BODY_BOLD),
            Paragraph(defn, BODY)
        ]], colWidths=[140, 310])
        row.setStyle(TableStyle([
            ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,0),"TOP"),
            ("LINEBELOW",(0,0),(-1,0),0.3,MID_GRAY),
            ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,0),3),
            ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,0),3),
            ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(0,0),4),
        ]))
        story.append(row)

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # MNEMONICS
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("LAST-MINUTE REVISION MNEMONICS"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("POSDC",
        ["Planning – Set goals and decide actions",
         "Organizing – Arrange resources and tasks",
         "Staffing – Recruit, train and retain staff",
         "Directing – Lead, motivate and communicate",
         "Controlling – Monitor performance, correct deviations"]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("SMART",
        ["Specific – Clear and well-defined objective",
         "Measurable – Can be quantified and tracked",
         "Achievable – Realistic and attainable",
         "Relevant – Aligned with organizational goals",
         "Time-bound – Has a clear deadline"]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("PDCA",
        ["Plan – Identify problem and set objectives",
         "Do – Implement the intervention",
         "Check – Evaluate results vs. standards",
         "Act – Standardize improvements or restart cycle"]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("BARS",
        ["Budget preparation – estimate costs",
         "Approval – by finance committee",
         "Release of funds – implementation",
         "Scrutiny – audit and evaluation"]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("ARA",
        ["Authority – right to give orders (CAN be delegated)",
         "Responsibility – obligation to perform (can be shared)",
         "Accountability – answerability for results (CANNOT be delegated)"]))
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(mnemonic_box("MASLOW",
        ["M – Maslow proposed 5 levels of human needs",
         "A – At base: Physiological (food/water/shelter)",
         "S – Safety needs (security/stability)",
         "L – Love/Social needs (belonging/relationships)",
         "O – 'Own-esteem' (esteem/recognition/status)",
         "W – With Self-Actualization at the top (full potential)"]))
    story.append(sp)

    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # BLUEPRINT & EXPECTED QUESTIONS
    # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story.append(PageBreak())
    story.append(chapter_banner("BLUEPRINT & EXPECTED QUESTIONS (17 July 2026)"))
    story.append(sp)

    story.append(Paragraph("EXPECTED LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any 2 of 3, 10 marks each):", SUB_HEAD))
    le_qs = [
        ["Q1", "Define Budget. Explain types, principles and process of budgeting for a nursing department. Include a budget proposal format.", "Unit III/X"],
        ["Q2", "Explain the functions of management with special reference to the role of Nurse Manager. (POSDC with examples)", "Unit II"],
        ["Q3", "Define Leadership. Explain theories and styles of leadership with their merits and demerits.", "Unit XII"],
    ]
    le_table = Table(
        [[Paragraph("<b>Q.No</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Expected Question</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Unit</b>", TABLE_HEADER)]] +
        [[Paragraph(r[0], EXAM_Q), Paragraph(r[1], BODY), Paragraph(r[2], TABLE_CENTER)] for r in le_qs],
        colWidths=[30, 370, 50]
    )
    le_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0), RED),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor("#FFF5F5"),WHITE]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,MID_GRAY),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
    ]))
    story.append(le_table)
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(Paragraph("EXPECTED SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any 7 of 9, 5 marks each):", SUB_HEAD))
    se_qs = [
        ["Q4",  "Define delegation. Explain the elements and scope of delegation.", "Unit IV"],
        ["Q5",  "Types and principles of financial management in nursing.", "Unit X"],
        ["Q6",  "Explain the staffing process in a nursing department.", "Unit V"],
        ["Q7",  "Quality Assurance in nursing – concept, PDCA, types of audit.", "Unit VII"],
        ["Q8",  "Motivation theories and their application in nursing (Maslow/Herzberg).", "Unit IX"],
        ["Q9",  "Types of organizational structure with merits and demerits.", "Unit IV"],
        ["Q10", "Collective bargaining in nursing – process and role of TNAI.", "Unit IX"],
        ["Q11", "Supervision – definition, principles and techniques.", "Unit VI"],
        ["Q12", "Recent trends and issues in nursing service and management.", "Unit I"],
    ]
    se_table = Table(
        [[Paragraph("<b>Q.No</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Expected Question</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Unit</b>", TABLE_HEADER)]] +
        [[Paragraph(r[0], EXAM_Q), Paragraph(r[1], BODY), Paragraph(r[2], TABLE_CENTER)] for r in se_qs],
        colWidths=[30, 370, 50]
    )
    se_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0), ORANGE),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor("#FFF8F0"),WHITE]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,MID_GRAY),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
    ]))
    story.append(se_table)
    story.append(sp_lg)

    story.append(Paragraph("EXPECTED SHORT ANSWERS (All 10 compulsory, 2 marks each):", SUB_HEAD))
    sa_qs = [
        ["Q13", "Define Management",                      "Unit II"],
        ["Q14", "Vision and Mission statement",           "Unit III"],
        ["Q15", "Define Gantt chart",                     "Unit III"],
        ["Q16", "Span of control",                        "Unit IV"],
        ["Q17", "Define Staffing",                        "Unit V"],
        ["Q18", "MBO – Management by Objectives",         "Unit II"],
        ["Q19", "Assertive communication",                "Unit IX"],
        ["Q20", "Define Nursing Audit",                   "Unit VII"],
        ["Q21", "Nursing Informatics",                    "Unit XI"],
        ["Q22", "Define Leadership / Autocratic Leader",  "Unit XII"],
    ]
    sa_table = Table(
        [[Paragraph("<b>Q.No</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Expected Question</b>", TABLE_HEADER), Paragraph("<b>Unit</b>", TABLE_HEADER)]] +
        [[Paragraph(r[0], EXAM_Q), Paragraph(r[1], BODY), Paragraph(r[2], TABLE_CENTER)] for r in sa_qs],
        colWidths=[30, 370, 50]
    )
    sa_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0), GREEN),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor("#F0FFF4"),WHITE]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,MID_GRAY),
        ("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
    ]))
    story.append(sa_table)
    story.append(sp_lg)

    # Time management box
    story.append(highlight_box(
        "<b>⏱ Time Management Strategy (3 Hours = 180 minutes):</b>\n"
        "• Reading time: 10 min\n"
        "• 2 Long Essays × 25 min each = 50 min (allocate 10 min for outline + 15 min writing)\n"
        "• 7 Short Essays × 10 min each = 70 min\n"
        "• 10 Short Answers × 3 min each = 30 min\n"
        "• Buffer/review: 20 min\n\n"
        "<b>Tips:</b> Start with Long Essays. Draw diagrams (POSDC cycle, hierarchy chart, PDCA). Write definitions first in every answer. Attempt all Short Answers - they are compulsory."
    ))
    story.append(sp)

    # Footer note
    footer = Table([[Paragraph(
        "This study guide is prepared for RGUHS B.Sc. Nursing 6th Semester Exam – Q.P. Code 1792 | 17 July 2026. "
        "All the best! Study smart, revise thoroughly, and write clearly. ★",
        style("Footer", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=TEAL, alignment=TA_CENTER)
    )]], colWidths=[W-80])
    footer.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0), LIGHT_TEAL),
        ("BOX",(0,0),(0,0),1,TEAL),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(0,0),6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(0,0),6),
    ]))
    story.append(footer)

    doc.build(story)
    return path


if __name__ == "__main__":
    out = build_pdf()
    print(f"PDF saved to: {out}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/nursing-management-guide/generate_guide.py'