मैं, अ, मैं 223, अ, मैं 1 poster of heart failure and its management from, अ, Harrison's textbook of, अ, medicine.
9781265977061. Now let me search for heart failure sections specifically in Harrison's.A comprehensive medical education poster titled "HEART FAILURE & ITS MANAGEMENT" based on Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 22nd Edition. The poster should be organized in clear sections with a dark navy blue header and clean white background. Section 1 - DEFINITION: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome with symptoms/signs from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection. Key features: breathlessness, ankle swelling, fatigue, elevated JVP, pulmonary crackles, peripheral edema. Section 2 - CLASSIFICATION (3 types in colored boxes): - HFrEF: EF < 40% (Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) - HFmrEF: EF 40-49% (Mildly Reduced EF) - HFpEF: EF ≥ 50% (Preserved EF) Section 3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY: 6.7 million Americans affected, 56.2 million globally, >600,000 new cases/year in USA. Section 4 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Neurohormonal activation diagram showing RAAS activation, sympathetic nervous system activation, ventricular remodeling leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction. Section 5 - CLINICAL FEATURES (two columns): Symptoms: Dyspnea, orthopnea, PND, fatigue, ankle swelling Signs: Elevated JVP, S3 gallop, pulmonary crackles, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly Section 6 - DIAGNOSIS: BNP/NT-proBNP elevated, Echocardiography (key), CXR (cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion), ECG changes Section 7 - CHRONIC HFrEF MANAGEMENT - FOUR PILLARS (in colored treatment boxes with arrows showing mortality reduction): 1. ACEi/ARB or ARNI (Sacubitril-Valsartan) - 23% mortality reduction 2. Beta-Blockers (Carvedilol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol succinate) - 35% mortality reduction 3. MRA (Spironolactone/Eplerenone) 4. SGLT-2 Inhibitors (Empagliflozin/Dapagliflozin) - newest pillar Additional: Diuretics for symptom relief, ICD for SCD prevention, CRT for dyssynchrony Section 8 - ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HF MANAGEMENT: - Typical (Hypertensive): Vasodilators - Normotensive (volume overloaded): IV Diuretics - Pulmonary Edema: O2, NIV, Vasodilators, Diuretics - Low Output: Inotropes, Hemodynamic monitoring - Cardiogenic Shock: Catecholamines, Mechanical circulatory support (IABP, VAD) Section 9 - HFpEF MANAGEMENT: BP control, Diuretics for congestion, Treat comorbidities (AF, obesity, CKD, sleep apnea), SGLT-2i beneficial Footer: Source: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Edition (2025) | Chapters 264 & 265 Use professional medical poster design with color-coded sections (blue for definition, green for pharmacotherapy, orange for acute management, purple for HFpEF), icons for each drug class, and clear hierarchy of information. Include a small heart diagram illustration.

| Type | EF | Features |
|---|---|---|
| HFrEF | < 40% | Systolic dysfunction |
| HFmrEF | 40–49% | Mildly reduced |
| HFpEF | ≥ 50% | Diastolic dysfunction |

