#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
FMT & PSM MCQ Quick Revision PDF Generator
For 3rd Year MBBS Students
"""

import os
os.makedirs('/tmp/workspace', exist_ok=True)

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import mm, inch
from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table,
                                  TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable, KeepTogether)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY, TA_RIGHT
from reportlab.platypus import Frame, BaseDocTemplate, PageTemplate
from reportlab.platypus.flowables import HRFlowable

# ─── Color Palette ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
FMT_DARK    = colors.HexColor('#8B0000')   # Dark red
FMT_LIGHT   = colors.HexColor('#FFE4E1')   # Misty rose
FMT_MID     = colors.HexColor('#C0392B')   # Crimson
PSM_DARK    = colors.HexColor('#00555A')   # Dark teal
PSM_LIGHT   = colors.HexColor('#E0F4F5')   # Light cyan
PSM_MID     = colors.HexColor('#16A085')   # Teal
CORRECT_GREEN = colors.HexColor('#1A7A1A') # Dark green
ANS_BG      = colors.HexColor('#F0FFF0')   # Honeydew
GOLD        = colors.HexColor('#B8860B')   # Dark golden rod
HEADER_GREY = colors.HexColor('#2C3E50')   # Dark slate blue

PAGE_W, PAGE_H = A4

# ─── Document Setup ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    '/tmp/workspace/FMT_PSM_MCQ_Revision.pdf',
    pagesize=A4,
    rightMargin=12*mm, leftMargin=12*mm,
    topMargin=14*mm, bottomMargin=14*mm,
    title="FMT & PSM Quick MCQ Revision",
    author="Medical Education Resource",
    subject="3rd Year MBBS MCQ Revision"
)

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# ─── Custom Styles ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
title_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'TitleStyle', parent=styles['Title'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=26,
    textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceAfter=4*mm, spaceBefore=4*mm
)
subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'SubtitleStyle', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=13,
    textColor=colors.HexColor('#F0E68C'),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=3*mm
)
badge_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'BadgeStyle', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-BoldOblique', fontSize=10,
    textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceAfter=2*mm
)

# Section header styles
fmt_section = ParagraphStyle(
    'FMTSection', parent=styles['Heading1'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=16,
    textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceAfter=3*mm, spaceBefore=5*mm,
    backColor=FMT_DARK
)
psm_section = ParagraphStyle(
    'PSMSection', parent=styles['Heading1'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=16,
    textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceAfter=3*mm, spaceBefore=5*mm,
    backColor=PSM_DARK
)

# Topic header styles
fmt_topic = ParagraphStyle(
    'FMTTopic', parent=styles['Heading2'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=11,
    textColor=FMT_DARK, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=2*mm, spaceBefore=4*mm,
    borderPad=2, leftIndent=0
)
psm_topic = ParagraphStyle(
    'PSMTopic', parent=styles['Heading2'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=11,
    textColor=PSM_DARK, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=2*mm, spaceBefore=4*mm,
    borderPad=2, leftIndent=0
)

# MCQ styles
q_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'QStyle', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=9.5,
    textColor=HEADER_GREY, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=1.5*mm, spaceBefore=2*mm,
    leftIndent=0
)
opt_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'OptStyle', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=9,
    textColor=colors.black, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=0.5*mm, leftIndent=8*mm
)
correct_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'CorrectStyle', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=9,
    textColor=CORRECT_GREEN, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=0.5*mm, leftIndent=8*mm
)
ans_inline_style = ParagraphStyle(
    'AnsInline', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-BoldOblique', fontSize=8.5,
    textColor=CORRECT_GREEN, alignment=TA_LEFT,
    spaceAfter=1.5*mm, leftIndent=8*mm
)

# Answer key styles
ans_key_q = ParagraphStyle(
    'AnsKeyQ', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.5,
    textColor=HEADER_GREY, spaceAfter=1*mm
)
ans_key_a = ParagraphStyle(
    'AnsKeyA', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=8.5,
    textColor=CORRECT_GREEN, spaceAfter=1.5*mm
)
page_hdr = ParagraphStyle(
    'PageHdr', parent=styles['Normal'],
    fontName='Helvetica-BoldOblique', fontSize=8,
    textColor=colors.grey, alignment=TA_RIGHT
)

# ─── MCQ DATA ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Format: (q_text, [opt_A, opt_B, opt_C, opt_D], correct_letter, answer_text)

# ══════════════════ FMT MCQs ══════════════════

fmt_questions = {

"1. Death – Types, Signs & Postmortem Changes": [
    ("Somatic (clinical) death is defined as:",
     ["Irreversible cessation of brain functions",
      "Cessation of heartbeat, respiration and CNS activity",
      "Decomposition of tissues",
      "Stoppage of cellular metabolism"],
     "B", "Somatic death = cessation of heartbeat, breathing, and brain activity."),

    ("Rigor mortis typically begins within:",
     ["30 minutes of death",
      "1–2 hours of death",
      "6–8 hours of death",
      "12–24 hours of death"],
     "B", "Rigor mortis starts ~1–2 h, complete by 6–12 h, passes off after 24–48 h."),

    ("Rigor mortis is caused by:",
     ["Autolysis of muscle proteins",
      "Accumulation of lactic acid and ATP depletion leading to actin-myosin cross-linking",
      "Bacterial putrefaction of muscles",
      "Oxidation of hemoglobin"],
     "B", "Depletion of ATP → actin-myosin cross-links persist → stiffness."),

    ("Cadaveric spasm (instantaneous rigor) is most commonly seen in:",
     ["Drowning victims",
      "CO poisoning victims",
      "Deaths from extreme violence or intense emotion",
      "All poisoning deaths"],
     "C", "Cadaveric spasm occurs in extreme emotional/violent deaths; forensically significant as weapon may be found in hand."),

    ("Livor mortis (hypostasis) appears within:",
     ["Immediately at death",
      "30 minutes – 2 hours after death",
      "6 – 8 hours after death",
      "24 hours after death"],
     "B", "Livor mortis appears 30 min–2 h; becomes fixed by 6–12 h."),

    ("In CO poisoning, the colour of livor mortis is:",
     ["Dark purple",
      "Greenish",
      "Cherry red / bright pink",
      "Pale yellow"],
     "C", "CO forms carboxyhemoglobin → cherry-red lividity. Also seen in CN poisoning."),

    ("The first sign of decomposition in a tropical climate is:",
     ["Skin slippage",
      "Greenish discoloration of the right iliac fossa",
      "Bloating of abdomen",
      "Marbling of skin"],
     "B", "Greenish discolouration starts at the right iliac fossa (caecum) where bacteria are most concentrated."),

    ("Putrefaction is primarily caused by:",
     ["Autolytic enzymes",
      "Bacterial action (anaerobic gut bacteria)",
      "Environmental fungi",
      "Oxidative enzymes"],
     "B", "Putrefaction is caused by anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium sp.) from the gut."),

    ("'Marbling' seen in decomposition refers to:",
     ["Adipocere formation on skin",
      "Green-black network pattern due to haemolysis in subcutaneous vessels",
      "Mummification of superficial tissues",
      "Saponification of subcutaneous fat"],
     "B", "Marbling = arborescent green-brown pattern on skin from haemolysis in blood vessels."),

    ("Adipocere formation is favoured by:",
     ["Hot, dry conditions",
      "Moist, warm, anaerobic conditions",
      "Cold, dry conditions",
      "Freezing temperature"],
     "B", "Adipocere (saponification of fat) needs warm, moist, anaerobic environment (e.g., burial in damp soil)."),
],

"2. Wounds – Incised, Lacerated, Stab & Firearm": [
    ("An incised wound is BEST described as:",
     ["Wound with ragged, irregular edges caused by a blunt object",
      "Clean-cut wound with sharp edges, longer than it is deep",
      "Wound where skin and subcutaneous tissue are torn apart",
      "Wound deeper than it is wide"],
     "B", "Incised wound = clean edges, length > depth; caused by sharp-edged weapon."),

    ("Hesitation cuts (tentative marks) are characteristic of:",
     ["Homicidal incised wounds",
      "Accidental lacerations",
      "Suicidal incised wounds",
      "Defensive wounds"],
     "C", "Hesitation/tentative marks = multiple superficial parallel cuts near main wound → suicidal."),

    ("A contused wound (laceration) characteristically shows:",
     ["Clean-cut margins with hair bulb destruction",
      "Bridging of tissues across the wound (tissue bridges)",
      "No surrounding bruising",
      "Inverted wound margins"],
     "B", "Lacerations show irregular edges, tissue bridges, surrounding contusion, no hair bulb damage."),

    ("Stab wound with single sharp edge produces:",
     ["Both ends pointed (fish-tail appearance)",
      "One end sharp, one end squared/blunt",
      "Both ends blunt",
      "Cruciform wound"],
     "B", "Single-edged weapon → one end pointed, one end blunt (squared). Double-edged → both ends pointed."),

    ("'Graze' or abrasion is medico-legally important because:",
     ["It is always fatal",
      "It indicates the direction of force and type of surface",
      "It is never seen in homicide",
      "It heals without any trace"],
     "B", "Pattern abrasions can reveal direction of blow and surface texture of weapon."),

    ("In a contact gunshot wound, the entrance shows:",
     ["Punched-out defect with stellate tearing (bursting), blackening, tattooing",
      "Clean punched-out hole with abrasion collar only",
      "Larger than the exit wound",
      "Absence of burning"],
     "A", "Contact GSW entrance: stellate/cruciate tearing, blackening, singeing, burning (muzzle impression)."),

    ("The exit wound of a firearm is typically:",
     ["Smaller than entrance wound, with clean edges",
      "Larger than entrance, with everted (pushed-out) irregular edges",
      "Same size as entrance with abrasion collar",
      "Always circular"],
     "B", "Exit wound = larger, everted, irregular edges; no abrasion collar, no tattooing."),

    ("'Café au lait' macules around a bullet wound suggest:",
     ["Contact shot",
      "Intermediate range wound with partial fouling",
      "Distant range wound",
      "Exit wound"],
     "B", "Café au lait discoloration around wound indicates intermediate range (partial fouling/tattooing from unburnt powder)."),
],

"3. Asphyxia – Hanging, Strangulation, Drowning": [
    ("In hanging, the ligature mark is typically:",
     ["Horizontal, below the thyroid cartilage",
      "Oblique, above the thyroid cartilage, directed upward toward knot",
      "Horizontal, with uniform depth throughout",
      "Below the larynx, running horizontally"],
     "B", "Hanging: oblique, ascending ligature mark; non-continuous; knot leaves gap."),

    ("'Ligature strangulation' differs from 'hanging' in that:",
     ["The mark is oblique and ascending",
      "Death is usually suicidal",
      "The mark is horizontal and below the thyroid cartilage, of uniform depth",
      "Petechiae are absent"],
     "C", "Strangulation: horizontal mark, below thyroid, uniform depth, usually homicidal."),

    ("Petechial hemorrhages (Tardieu spots) on the conjunctiva in asphyxia indicate:",
     ["Chronic hypoxia",
      "Venous congestion and elevated venous pressure causing capillary rupture",
      "Arterial occlusion",
      "Pulmonary embolism"],
     "B", "Tardieu spots: petechial haemorrhages from venous backpressure → capillary rupture."),

    ("In drowning, 'washerwoman's hands' (maceration of palms) indicates:",
     ["Death in freshwater only",
      "Body was in water for an extended period",
      "Death was not due to drowning",
      "Homicidal drowning"],
     "B", "Washerwoman/bleached wrinkled skin of hands/feet indicates prolonged immersion."),

    ("Diatom test in drowning is used to:",
     ["Distinguish freshwater from saltwater drowning",
      "Confirm vital reaction and entry of water into lungs/blood while alive",
      "Calculate time of submersion",
      "Detect amount of water inhaled"],
     "B", "Diatom test: diatoms found in bone marrow/brain confirm ante-mortem drowning (entered circulation while alive)."),

    ("In manual strangulation (throttling), the following is TRUE:",
     ["Ligature mark is always present",
      "It is usually suicidal",
      "Fingernail marks (small crescent abrasions) may be found on the neck",
      "The hyoid bone is never fractured"],
     "C", "Manual strangulation (throttling): fingernail/fingertip marks on neck, almost always homicidal; hyoid may fracture."),
],

"4. Sexual Offences – Rape & POCSO": [
    ("As per BNS (formerly IPC), the minimum age for consensual sex in India is:",
     ["16 years",
      "18 years",
      "14 years",
      "21 years"],
     "B", "Age of consent = 18 years; sex with a person below 18 years = rape under BNS."),

    ("POCSO Act (2012) defines a child as:",
     ["Below 14 years",
      "Below 16 years",
      "Below 18 years",
      "Below 21 years"],
     "C", "POCSO defines child as any person below 18 years of age."),

    ("Two-finger test in rape victims is:",
     ["Mandatory for confirming rape",
      "Used to assess vaginal laxity and hymen status",
      "No longer recommended; considered degrading and unscientific",
      "Required for age estimation"],
     "C", "Two-finger test has been banned by Supreme Court of India (Lillu @ Rajesh vs State of Haryana, 2013) as degrading and unscientific."),

    ("Which of the following is true about rape examination?",
     ["Consent of victim is not required for examination",
      "Examination can be done only by male doctors",
      "Preservation of evidence (swabs, clothing) is mandatory; victim must consent",
      "Hymen rupture confirms rape"],
     "C", "Examination requires written consent; evidence preservation is key; intact hymen does not rule out rape."),

    ("Under POCSO Act, which section deals with aggravated penetrative sexual assault?",
     ["Section 3",
      "Section 5",
      "Section 7",
      "Section 11"],
     "B", "Section 5 POCSO = Aggravated penetrative sexual assault (by police, public servant, family member, etc.)."),
],

"5. Age Estimation – Teeth & Bones": [
    ("The first permanent tooth to erupt is:",
     ["Central incisor",
      "First molar (6-year molar)",
      "Second molar",
      "Canine"],
     "B", "First permanent molar ('6-year molar') erupts at 6 years; first permanent tooth."),

    ("Wisdom teeth (third molars) erupt at:",
     ["14–16 years",
      "17–21 years (17–25 years)",
      "12–14 years",
      "25–30 years"],
     "B", "Third molar erupts 17–25 years; often called 'wisdom tooth.'"),

    ("Gustafson's method of age estimation uses:",
     ["Eruption times of permanent teeth",
      "Six dental changes (attrition, periodontosis, secondary dentin, cementum apposition, root resorption, root transparency)",
      "Fusion of epiphyses",
      "Bone density measurement"],
     "B", "Gustafson's method: 6 dental criteria scored 0–3 each → regression equation → age."),

    ("Union of the sternal end of the clavicle (last epiphysis to fuse) occurs at:",
     ["16–18 years",
      "18–20 years",
      "21–25 years",
      "25–30 years"],
     "C", "Sternal end of clavicle is the last epiphysis to fuse: begins 18–20 y, complete by 25 y."),

    ("Iliac crest epiphysis fusion is used forensically because:",
     ["It fuses at birth",
      "It is the first to fuse in the upper limb",
      "Fusion at 20–25 years indicates legal adulthood/majority",
      "It correlates with dental eruption"],
     "C", "Iliac crest epiphysis fuses 20–23 y → helps determine age above/below 21 years for legal purposes."),
],

"6. Identification – Fingerprints, DNA & Skeletal": [
    ("Dactylography (fingerprints) uses the principle that fingerprints are:",
     ["Unique to each finger and never change throughout life",
      "Change with age after 60 years",
      "Can be altered by acid burns permanently",
      "Different in identical twins"],
     "A", "Fingerprints: (1) Unique, (2) Permanent (from 12th week fetal life to decomposition), (3) Classifiable."),

    ("Henry's classification of fingerprints includes:",
     ["Loops, whorls, and arches",
      "Loops, whorls, arches, and composites",
      "Plain arches, tented arches, loops, whorls, and accidentals",
      "Radial loops and ulnar loops only"],
     "C", "Henry's system: Plain arch, Tented arch, Radial loop, Ulnar loop, Whorl, Composite (accidentals)."),

    ("The most common fingerprint pattern in humans is:",
     ["Arch (15%)",
      "Whorl (30%)",
      "Loop (65%)",
      "Composite (5%)"],
     "C", "Loop pattern is most common (~65%), whorl ~30%, arch ~5%."),

    ("DNA fingerprinting (RFLP/PCR) in forensics is used for:",
     ["Blood grouping only",
      "Paternity testing, identification of crime suspects, mass disaster victims",
      "Estimation of time since death",
      "Identification of poison"],
     "B", "DNA profiling: unique (except identical twins); used for identity, paternity, crime scene."),

    ("The 'angle of carrying' (carrying angle) of the elbow is used to determine:",
     ["Age",
      "Race/ethnicity",
      "Sex (larger in females ~10–15°; males ~5°)",
      "Stature"],
     "C", "Carrying angle is greater in females (~10–15°) vs males (~5°) → sex determination."),
],

"7. Medical Jurisprudence – Consent, MCI, Ethics": [
    ("Privileged communication in medical practice means:",
     ["The doctor can refuse to testify in court",
      "Information shared between doctor and patient that is kept confidential and not disclosed without consent",
      "Any information that is a state secret",
      "Communication between doctors only"],
     "B", "Privileged communication: doctor-patient confidential information not disclosed without consent; exception: court order."),

    ("A dying declaration is inadmissible if:",
     ["The declarant later recovered",
      "The declarant was not under expectation of death at the time of declaration",
      "The declarant was not in a fit mental state at the time",
      "It was recorded by a doctor instead of a magistrate"],
     "C", "Dying declaration is inadmissible if declarant was not compos mentis (sound mental state) at time of declaration."),

    ("Therapeutic privilege refers to:",
     ["The right of a doctor to treat any patient",
      "Doctor withholding information that might cause psychological harm to the patient",
      "Privilege of performing surgery without consent",
      "Legal immunity of surgeons from malpractice suits"],
     "B", "Therapeutic privilege: doctor may withhold information if disclosure would harm the patient (limited and controversial)."),

    ("Which of the following is NOT a requirement for valid informed consent?",
     ["Patient must be competent/have legal capacity",
      "Consent must be voluntary, without coercion",
      "Must be witnessed by two medical professionals",
      "Patient must be given adequate information about risks"],
     "C", "Valid consent: competence, voluntariness, adequate information, understanding; witness by 2 doctors is NOT required."),

    ("The National Medical Commission (NMC) was established by:",
     ["NMC Act 2019, replacing the Medical Council of India (MCI)",
      "Indian Medical Council Act 1956",
      "NMC Act 2016",
      "Clinical Establishment Act 2010"],
     "A", "NMC Act 2019 replaced MCI with National Medical Commission with greater regulatory powers."),
],

"8. Toxicology – General Principles (ADME) & Corrosives": [
    ("The ADME abbreviation in toxicology stands for:",
     ["Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion",
      "Accumulation, Detoxification, Metabolism, Elimination",
      "Absorption, Detoxification, Mobilisation, Excretion",
      "Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion"],
     "A", "ADME = Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism (biotransformation), Excretion."),

    ("LD50 in toxicology is defined as:",
     ["The lethal dose that kills 100% of the test animals",
      "The dose that kills 50% of test animals under experimental conditions",
      "The minimum toxic dose",
      "The dose causing no adverse effects"],
     "B", "LD50 = median lethal dose; kills 50% of test animals; used to compare potency of poisons."),

    ("Sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) burns produce:",
     ["White slough → yellow/brown → black eschar",
      "White slough only",
      "Black eschar from the beginning",
      "Green-coloured stains"],
     "A", "H2SO4: initially white slough → yellow → black (due to charring). Phenol: white/grey slough."),

    ("Carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning is characterized by:",
     ["Cherry red discoloration of mucosa",
      "White eschar on mucosa with characteristic 'phenol odour'; CNS stimulation then depression",
      "Yellow staining of mucosa (picric acid-like)",
      "Blue-green discoloration"],
     "B", "Phenol: whitish/grey eschar, characteristic smell, phenol metabolites in urine (olive/dark green) = 'phenol urine'."),

    ("The antidote for organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is:",
     ["N-acetyl cysteine",
      "Atropine + Pralidoxime (PAM)",
      "Flumazenil",
      "Naloxone"],
     "B", "OP poisoning antidote: Atropine (blocks muscarinic effects) + Pralidoxime (reactivates acetylcholinesterase if given early)."),
],

"9. Common Poisons – OP, Arsenic, Snake Venom, Alcohol, CO": [
    ("Mees' lines (transverse white bands on nails) are a feature of:",
     ["Organophosphorus poisoning",
      "Arsenic poisoning",
      "Lead poisoning",
      "Thallium poisoning"],
     "B", "Mees' lines (LeukonyChia striata) = transverse white bands on nails; characteristic of chronic arsenic poisoning."),

    ("The most characteristic feature of acute arsenic poisoning is:",
     ["Rice-water stools (profuse watery diarrhea resembling cholera)",
      "Convulsions",
      "Cherry-red mucosa",
      "Yellow sclera"],
     "A", "Acute arsenic: GIT symptoms, rice-water diarrhoea, resembles cholera; 'garlic odour' of breath."),

    ("Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom primarily causes:",
     ["Neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis",
      "Cytotoxicity with local necrosis, DIC and renal failure",
      "Cardiac arrhythmias only",
      "Hemolysis without coagulopathy"],
     "B", "Russell's viper: cytotoxic + hemotoxic venom → local tissue destruction, DIC, ARF (most common cause of snakebite ARF in India)."),

    ("Cobra (Naja naja) venom causes death primarily by:",
     ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)",
      "Renal failure",
      "Neurotoxicity → respiratory muscle paralysis",
      "Hepatic failure"],
     "C", "Cobra: neurotoxic venom (alpha-bungarotoxin) → post-synaptic NMJ blockade → respiratory paralysis."),

    ("The minimum fatal blood alcohol concentration in non-tolerant individuals is approximately:",
     ["100 mg% (0.10 g/dL)",
      "200 mg% (0.20 g/dL)",
      "300–400 mg% (0.30–0.40 g/dL)",
      "50 mg% (0.05 g/dL)"],
     "C", "Fatal BAC: ~300–400 mg% in non-tolerant individuals; tolerance increases this threshold significantly."),

    ("The mechanism of toxicity in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is:",
     ["Direct lung damage",
      "Formation of carboxyhemoglobin (affinity 200–300× > O2) → tissue hypoxia + inhibition of cytochrome oxidase",
      "CNS stimulation via GABA antagonism",
      "Methemoglobin formation"],
     "B", "CO: Hb affinity 200–300× > O2 → COHb → tissue hypoxia; also inhibits cytochrome oxidase."),

    ("Antidote for opioid overdose is:",
     ["Flumazenil",
      "Atropine",
      "Naloxone (Narcan)",
      "N-acetyl cysteine"],
     "C", "Naloxone: opioid antagonist; reverses respiratory depression, miosis, coma in opioid OD."),
],

"10. Infanticide, Abortion Laws & MTP Act": [
    ("Infanticide in India is defined as:",
     ["Killing of any child below 5 years",
      "Wilful destruction of a newborn (within 1 year of birth) by the mother",
      "Killing of a fetus in utero",
      "Death of infant due to neglect"],
     "B", "Infanticide (BNS S. 100): mother wilfully causing death of child under 12 months."),

    ("The Hydrostatic test (lung float test) in infanticide:",
     ["Determines if the infant was born dead",
      "Determines if the infant breathed air after birth (lungs float if air-filled)",
      "Estimates age of the fetus",
      "Detects presence of meconium aspiration"],
     "B", "Hydrostatic test: if lungs float in water → air-breathing occurred → live birth; specific gravity of aerated lung < 1."),

    ("Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act allows abortion up to what gestational age in India (2021 amendment)?",
     ["12 weeks on request; up to 20 weeks with one doctor's opinion",
      "20 weeks on request; up to 24 weeks for special categories (survivors of sexual assault, minors, disabled) with 2 doctors",
      "12 weeks on request; 24 weeks with 2 doctors",
      "24 weeks on request"],
     "B", "MTP Act (2021 amendment): up to 20 weeks with 1 RMP; 20–24 weeks for special categories with 2 RMPs; no upper limit if substantial fetal abnormality."),

    ("In a case of suspected infanticide, which of the following provides evidence of live birth?",
     ["Presence of lanugo hair",
      "Presence of meconium in intestine",
      "Expansion of lungs (aeration), cry marks in larynx, food in stomach",
      "Weight of the infant > 1 kg"],
     "C", "Signs of live birth: expanded/aerated lungs, cry marks on laryngeal mucosa, food/air in stomach, signs of independent existence."),

    ("The doctrine of 'born alive' in infanticide requires:",
     ["Complete birth only",
      "Complete birth + live birth (signs of independent existence)",
      "Gestational age above 28 weeks",
      "Delivery in hospital setting"],
     "B", "For infanticide prosecution: child must be completely born AND show signs of live birth (independent existence outside uterus)."),
],
}

# ══════════════════ PSM MCQs ══════════════════

psm_questions = {

"1. Epidemiology – Concepts & Study Designs": [
    ("Incidence rate measures:",
     ["Existing cases of disease at a point in time",
      "New cases of disease developing in a population over a defined period",
      "Proportion of population ever exposed to a risk factor",
      "Proportion of cases who recover"],
     "B", "Incidence = new cases / population at risk / time period. Measures risk."),

    ("Prevalence is related to incidence by the formula:",
     ["Prevalence = Incidence × Mortality",
      "Prevalence ≈ Incidence × Duration of disease",
      "Prevalence = Incidence / Duration",
      "Prevalence = Attack rate × Duration"],
     "B", "Prevalence ≈ Incidence × Mean duration of disease (for stable disease with low prevalence)."),

    ("A case-control study measures:",
     ["Relative risk (RR) directly",
      "Incidence rate directly",
      "Odds ratio (OR) as an estimate of relative risk",
      "Attributable risk (AR)"],
     "C", "Case-control study: retrospective; calculates ODDS RATIO (OR); used for rare diseases."),

    ("The gold standard study design in epidemiology is:",
     ["Cross-sectional study",
      "Cohort study",
      "Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)",
      "Case-control study"],
     "C", "RCT is the gold standard; highest level of evidence; controls for confounding by randomisation."),

    ("Herd immunity threshold (HIT) is defined as:",
     ["Proportion of population vaccinated",
      "Minimum proportion of immune individuals needed to prevent epidemic spread",
      "Number vaccinated per 1000 population",
      "Efficacy of the vaccine"],
     "B", "HIT = 1 - 1/R0; proportion immune needed to prevent spread. E.g., measles R0=12–18, HIT ~94%."),

    ("Relative Risk (RR) of 1 means:",
     ["The exposure doubles the risk of disease",
      "The exposure is protective",
      "No association between exposure and disease",
      "Strong positive association"],
     "C", "RR = 1 → no association; RR > 1 → positive association; RR < 1 → protective."),
],

"2. Biostatistics – Measures & Tests": [
    ("The measure of central tendency most affected by extreme values (outliers) is:",
     ["Median",
      "Mode",
      "Mean",
      "Geometric mean"],
     "C", "Mean is most affected by outliers/skewed data. Median is preferred for skewed distributions."),

    ("In a normal (Gaussian) distribution, the mean ± 2 SD includes approximately:",
     ["68.3% of observations",
      "90% of observations",
      "95.4% of observations",
      "99.7% of observations"],
     "C", "Mean ± 1 SD = 68.3%; ± 2 SD = 95.4%; ± 3 SD = 99.7% (empirical rule)."),

    ("A p-value of 0.03 in a study means:",
     ["There is a 3% chance the null hypothesis is true",
      "The probability of obtaining the observed result (or more extreme) by chance alone is 3%, assuming H0 is true",
      "There is 97% probability the alternative hypothesis is true",
      "The study has 97% power"],
     "B", "p-value: probability of results as extreme or more extreme if null hypothesis (H0) is true. p<0.05 = statistically significant."),

    ("Which statistical test is used to compare means of two independent groups?",
     ["Chi-square test",
      "Fisher's exact test",
      "Unpaired Student's t-test",
      "Paired t-test"],
     "C", "Unpaired (independent samples) t-test compares means of 2 independent groups."),

    ("Number Needed to Treat (NNT) is calculated as:",
     ["1 / Relative Risk",
      "1 / Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)",
      "1 / Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)",
      "Attributable risk × 100"],
     "B", "NNT = 1/ARR; lower NNT = more effective treatment."),

    ("Sensitivity of a diagnostic test is defined as:",
     ["TP / (TP + FP) – proportion of true positive among all positives",
      "TP / (TP + FN) – proportion of true positive among all diseased",
      "TN / (TN + FP) – proportion of true negative among all non-diseased",
      "TN / (TN + FN)"],
     "B", "Sensitivity = TP/(TP+FN); proportion of diseased correctly identified. High sensitivity → few false negatives."),
],

"3. Communicable Diseases – Chain of Infection & Transmission": [
    ("The chain of infection is broken most effectively by:",
     ["Treating all cases",
      "Targeting the weakest link – often the host susceptibility (vaccination)",
      "Eliminating the environment",
      "Only isolation of cases"],
     "B", "Weakest link in chain is usually host susceptibility; vaccines, sanitation, and isolation all break the chain."),

    ("An index case is:",
     ["The first identified case in an epidemic",
      "The most severe case",
      "A case identified by retrospective study",
      "A secondary case"],
     "A", "Index case = first identified/reported case; primary case = first case to introduce infection into population."),

    ("Vertical transmission of infection refers to:",
     ["Airborne transmission",
      "Transmission from mother to child (prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal)",
      "Transmission via fomites",
      "Person-to-person contact"],
     "B", "Vertical transmission = mother to offspring (e.g., HIV, HBV, rubella, CMV, toxoplasma)."),

    ("The basic reproductive number (R0) represents:",
     ["Number of deaths caused by one case",
      "Average number of secondary cases from one primary case in a fully susceptible population",
      "Duration of infectivity",
      "Incubation period of the disease"],
     "B", "R0 = average secondary cases from 1 case in fully susceptible population; R0>1 = epidemic potential."),

    ("Zoonoses are defined as:",
     ["Diseases transmitted only between animals",
      "Diseases naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man",
      "Diseases caused by parasites only",
      "Vector-borne diseases only"],
     "B", "Zoonoses: infections naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans (WHO definition)."),
],

"4. Immunization – National Schedule & Vaccines": [
    ("BCG vaccine is given at birth. The vaccine contains:",
     ["Killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
      "Live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain)",
      "Purified protein derivative (PPD)",
      "Recombinant antigen"],
     "B", "BCG = live attenuated M. bovis; given at birth (or before 1 yr); intradermal, 0.1 mL."),

    ("OPV (oral polio vaccine) contains:",
     ["Killed (inactivated) poliovirus types 1, 2, 3",
      "Live attenuated poliovirus (Sabin vaccine)",
      "Purified surface proteins of poliovirus",
      "Monovalent live poliovirus type 1 only"],
     "B", "OPV = Sabin vaccine = live attenuated; IPV = Salk = inactivated. OPV provides intestinal (mucosal) immunity."),

    ("DPT vaccine is contraindicated in:",
     ["Mild fever",
      "Previous severe reaction (anaphylaxis/encephalopathy) to prior dose of DPT",
      "Premature infants",
      "Children with mild cold"],
     "B", "DPT absolute contraindication: severe adverse reaction (anaphylaxis, encephalopathy) to previous DPT dose; use DT instead."),

    ("MMR vaccine is given at age:",
     ["Birth",
      "6 weeks",
      "9 months and 15–18 months (2 doses)",
      "5 years only"],
     "C", "MMR: 1st dose at 9 months (MR in NIS), 2nd dose at 15–18 months. Provides immunity against Measles, Mumps, Rubella."),

    ("Hepatitis B vaccine schedule in newborns is:",
     ["3 doses at 0, 1, 6 months",
      "Birth dose + 3 doses at 6, 10, 14 weeks (as part of Pentavalent)",
      "2 doses at birth and 6 months",
      "Single dose at birth only"],
     "B", "India NIS: Hep B at birth (within 24 h) + 3 more doses via Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) at 6, 10, 14 weeks."),

    ("Cold chain in immunization refers to:",
     ["Ice used during vaccination",
      "System of refrigerated transport and storage to maintain vaccine potency from manufacture to point of use",
      "Cold water used to dilute vaccines",
      "Monitoring of vaccine-preventable diseases"],
     "B", "Cold chain: continuous temperature management (2–8°C for most vaccines) from production to patient."),
],

"5. Nutrition – PEM, Vitamins & Deficiency Diseases": [
    ("Kwashiorkor is characterized by all EXCEPT:",
     ["Edema",
      "Adequate weight with muscle wasting",
      "Dermatosis (flaky-paint dermatitis)",
      "Marasmus (severe wasting with no edema)"],
     "D", "Kwashiorkor: edema, skin/hair changes, hepatomegaly, adequate weight (due to edema); NO severe wasting (that is marasmus)."),

    ("Vitamin A deficiency causes which of the following EYE changes in sequence?",
     ["Keratomalacia → Bitot's spots → Night blindness → Xerophthalmia",
      "Night blindness → Xerophthalmia → Bitot's spots → Keratomalacia",
      "Bitot's spots → Night blindness → Keratomalacia",
      "Corneal ulceration → Night blindness → Xerophthalmia"],
     "B", "Vitamin A deficiency sequence: Night blindness → Xerophthalmia (XN, X1A, X1B) → Bitot's spots (X1B) → Corneal xerosis → Keratomalacia (X3)."),

    ("Pellagra (Vitamin B3/Niacin deficiency) is characterized by the 4 D's:",
     ["Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death",
      "Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Depression, Dwarfism",
      "Dermatitis, Diabetes, Dementia, Death",
      "Diarrhea, Dysuria, Dementia, Death"],
     "A", "Pellagra = 4 D's: Dermatitis (sun-exposed areas), Diarrhea, Dementia, Death."),

    ("Iodine deficiency during pregnancy causes:",
     ["Cretinism in the child (hypothyroidism, mental retardation, deafness)",
      "Macrocytic anemia",
      "Rickets",
      "Pellagra"],
     "A", "Iodine deficiency in pregnancy → fetal hypothyroidism → cretinism (intellectual disability, deafness, short stature)."),

    ("Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is defined as:",
     ["Minimum amount needed to prevent deficiency disease",
      "Average daily intake that meets the nutritional needs of 97.5% of healthy individuals",
      "Maximum safe intake",
      "Optimal intake for peak performance"],
     "B", "RDA = average daily intake meeting needs of 97.5% (mean + 2SD); above EAR (estimated average requirement)."),

    ("Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) is characterized by:",
     ["Xerophthalmia and night blindness",
      "Bleeding gums, perifollicular hemorrhages, impaired wound healing",
      "Peripheral neuropathy and confusion",
      "Megaloblastic anemia only"],
     "B", "Scurvy: impaired collagen synthesis → bleeding gums, perifollicular hemorrhages, corkscrew hairs, impaired wound healing."),
],

"6. Maternal & Child Health – ANC, APGAR, Growth": [
    ("The APGAR score is assessed at:",
     ["Birth only",
      "1 minute and 5 minutes after birth",
      "5 minutes only",
      "10 minutes after birth"],
     "B", "APGAR scored at 1 min (resuscitation need) and 5 min (response to resuscitation). Normal ≥ 7."),

    ("APGAR score includes all of the following EXCEPT:",
     ["Heart rate",
      "Respiratory effort",
      "Skin color",
      "Birth weight"],
     "D", "APGAR: Appearance (color), Pulse (HR), Grimace (reflex), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration. Birth weight NOT included."),

    ("Antenatal care (ANC) schedule in India (recommended minimum visits):",
     ["2 visits",
      "4 visits (as per WHO minimum ANC package)",
      "8 visits",
      "1 visit"],
     "C", "WHO (2016) recommends minimum 8 ANC contacts; India's RCH program aimed at minimum 4 ANC visits (currently moving to 8)."),

    ("Growth monitoring in children uses which reference standard in India?",
     ["Harvard standard (NCHS)",
      "WHO Child Growth Standards (2006) – based on children from 6 countries",
      "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) standards only",
      "CDC growth charts"],
     "B", "India uses WHO Child Growth Standards (2006) for growth monitoring; based on children from Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, USA."),

    ("Wasting in children (acute malnutrition) is defined as:",
     ["Weight-for-age < −2 SD",
      "Height-for-age < −2 SD",
      "Weight-for-height < −2 SD",
      "MUAC < 12.5 cm"],
     "C", "Wasting (acute malnutrition) = Weight-for-Height (WFH) < −2 SD; indicates recent acute nutritional deprivation."),
],

"7. National Health Programs – RNTCP/NTEP, NVBDCP, NHM": [
    ("Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) was renamed NTEP in:",
     ["2010",
      "2020",
      "2017",
      "2014"],
     "B", "RNTCP was renamed National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) in 2020 with target to eliminate TB by 2025."),

    ("DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) in TB treatment primarily ensures:",
     ["High-dose antibiotic therapy",
      "Patient adherence by observation of drug intake to prevent drug resistance",
      "Use of 2nd line drugs",
      "Daily urine drug monitoring"],
     "B", "DOTS: each dose observed by health worker or community volunteer → prevents defaulting and drug resistance."),

    ("Vector control method used in malaria eradication program in India includes:",
     ["Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with DDT/insecticides",
      "Water chlorination",
      "Mass drug administration only",
      "DEET repellent distribution only"],
     "A", "IRS = Indoor Residual Spraying; main vector control tool in NVBDCP; DDT, malathion, synthetic pyrethroids used."),

    ("National AIDS Control Program (NACP) in India was launched in:",
     ["1980",
      "1992",
      "2000",
      "2005"],
     "B", "NACP Phase I launched in 1992 following establishment of NACO in 1992."),

    ("Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) aims to:",
     ["Provide free ANC to all pregnant women",
      "Screen children (0–18 years) for 4 D's: Defects, Diseases, Deficiencies, Developmental delays",
      "Immunize all children against VPD",
      "Provide free treatment for TB in children"],
     "B", "RBSK: Child Health Screening for 4 D's – Defects at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases, Developmental delays/disabilities."),

    ("Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) under NHM promotes:",
     ["Free TB treatment",
      "Institutional delivery by providing cash incentives to BPL pregnant women",
      "Free immunization",
      "Female sterilization"],
     "B", "JSY: conditional cash transfer scheme under NHM to encourage institutional delivery among BPL women."),
],

"8. Water & Sanitation – Purification & Chlorination": [
    ("The residual chlorine in water distribution system should be maintained at:",
     ["0.05 mg/L",
      "0.2–0.5 mg/L",
      "1–2 mg/L",
      "5 mg/L"],
     "B", "WHO/India standard: residual chlorine ≥ 0.2 mg/L (0.2 ppm) at point of delivery; 0.5 mg/L at treatment plant."),

    ("Turbidity of potable water as per BIS standard should not exceed:",
     ["1 NTU",
      "5 NTU (WHO: 4 NTU)",
      "10 NTU",
      "25 NTU"],
     "B", "India BIS: turbidity ≤ 5 NTU (acceptable); WHO guideline: ≤ 4 NTU. Turbidity affects disinfection efficacy."),

    ("Slow sand filtration removes pathogens primarily through:",
     ["Physical filtration through sand pores only",
      "Biological action of the 'Schmutzdecke' (zoogloeal mat) on top of sand",
      "Chemical disinfection with chlorine in sand",
      "UV irradiation"],
     "B", "Slow sand filter: Schmutzdecke (biologically active layer) = main mechanism of pathogen removal; removes 99% of bacteria."),

    ("Fluoride concentration in drinking water above which dental/skeletal fluorosis occurs:",
     ["> 0.5 mg/L",
      "> 1.5 mg/L (dental fluorosis); > 3 mg/L (skeletal fluorosis)",
      "> 5 mg/L only",
      "> 0.3 mg/L"],
     "B", "WHO: dental fluorosis >1.5 mg/L; skeletal fluorosis >3–6 mg/L. Optimal range 0.5–1.0 mg/L (prevents caries)."),

    ("The coliform count in treated drinking water (MPN method) should be:",
     ["< 50/100 mL",
      "Zero (no coliforms) in treated piped water",
      "< 10/100 mL",
      "< 5/100 mL"],
     "B", "Zero total coliforms in treated piped water (WHO & BIS standard). Any coliform presence indicates fecal contamination."),
],

"9. Occupational Health – Pneumoconioses & Occupational Diseases": [
    ("Silicosis (the 'king of occupational diseases') is caused by:",
     ["Asbestos dust",
      "Coal dust",
      "Inhalation of free crystalline silica (SiO2)",
      "Cotton dust"],
     "C", "Silicosis: free crystalline silica (quartz) → macrophage activation → fibrosis; most common occupational pneumoconiosis."),

    ("Asbestosis is associated with which of the following malignancies?",
     ["Carcinoma of the kidney",
      "Mesothelioma (pleural/peritoneal) and bronchogenic carcinoma",
      "Hepatocellular carcinoma",
      "Bladder cancer"],
     "B", "Asbestos: causes mesothelioma (virtually pathognomonic) + bronchogenic carcinoma (synergistic with smoking)."),

    ("'Byssinosis' (Monday morning fever) is caused by:",
     ["Silica dust in stone workers",
      "Cotton dust exposure (organic dust)",
      "Coal dust in miners",
      "Wood dust"],
     "B", "Byssinosis = cotton dust disease; 'Monday fever/chest tightness' due to endotoxin in cotton dust."),

    ("Miner's nystagmus is associated with:",
     ["Silica exposure",
      "Working in poor lighting conditions in coal mines",
      "Carbon monoxide exposure",
      "Lead poisoning"],
     "B", "Miner's nystagmus: involuntary eye oscillation from working in poor illumination in mines; not caused by dust."),

    ("Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) in occupational health refer to:",
     ["Maximum temperature in workplace",
      "Maximum concentration of chemical/substance that workers can be safely exposed to",
      "Minimum wage standards",
      "Noise levels in industry"],
     "B", "TLV (ACGIH) / PEL (OSHA): maximum safe workplace air concentrations for chemicals to prevent occupational disease."),
],

"10. Health Planning – PHC, Alma Ata, Committees & Indicators": [
    ("The Alma Ata Declaration (1978) declared:",
     ["Health for All by the year 2000 through Primary Health Care (PHC) strategy",
      "Elimination of all infectious diseases",
      "Universal health insurance for all countries",
      "Creation of WHO"],
     "A", "Alma Ata (1978): 'Health for All by 2000' through PHC; components include education, nutrition, safe water, MCH, immunization, treatment of common diseases."),

    ("A Primary Health Centre (PHC) in India serves a population of:",
     ["10,000 (plains); 3,000 (hilly/tribal)",
      "30,000 (plains); 20,000 (hilly/tribal)",
      "1,00,000 (plains); 80,000 (hilly)",
      "5,000 (plains)"],
     "B", "PHC: covers 30,000 population (plains), 20,000 (hilly/tribal/difficult areas); 6 sub-centres; serves as first referral unit."),

    ("The Bhore Committee (1946) recommended:",
     ["Establishment of ICMR",
      "A three-tier health system with primary, secondary, and tertiary care; 'long-term plan' for social medicine",
      "Setting up of NMC",
      "National Family Planning programme"],
     "B", "Bhore Committee (1946): comprehensive health planning for India; recommended 3-tier system, social medicine orientation, district hospitals."),

    ("Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as:",
     ["Deaths < 1 year / total births × 1000",
      "Deaths < 1 year / live births × 1000",
      "Stillbirths + deaths < 1 year / total deliveries × 1000",
      "Deaths < 5 years / live births × 1000"],
     "B", "IMR = (Deaths under 1 year of age / Live births) × 1000. Best single indicator of health status of a community."),

    ("Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is calculated as:",
     ["Maternal deaths / women of reproductive age × 1,00,000",
      "Maternal deaths / live births × 1,00,000",
      "Maternal deaths / total deliveries × 1,000",
      "Maternal deaths / all female deaths × 100"],
     "B", "MMR = Maternal deaths during pregnancy/delivery/42 days after / 100,000 live births. India MMR 2020 ≈ 97."),

    ("Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is:",
     ["Years of life lived with disability only",
      "Sum of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature death + Years Lived with Disability (YLD)",
      "Quality-adjusted life year measure",
      "Years of healthy life expected at birth"],
     "B", "DALY = YLL + YLD; one DALY = one year of healthy life lost; used for burden of disease measurement."),
],
}

# ─── Build Answer Key lists ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
fmt_answer_key = []  # (q_num, topic, q_text_short, correct_letter, answer_text)
psm_answer_key = []

# ─── Build Flowables ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story = []

# ══════════════════ TITLE PAGE ══════════════════
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        Spacer(6*mm, 1),
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        "🎯 Coverage: Complete syllabus | All major topics | Exam-relevant one-liners",
        "✅ Correct answers shown in <font color='#1A7A1A'><b>GREEN</b></font> with brief explanations",
        "📋 Full Answer Key at the end of each section",
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        "2. Wounds – Incised/Stab/Firearm",
        "3. Asphyxia – Hanging/Drowning",
        "4. Sexual Offences &amp; POCSO",
        "5. Age Estimation",
        "6. Identification (FP/DNA)",
        "7. Medical Jurisprudence",
        "8. Toxicology – ADME/Corrosives",
        "9. Common Poisons (OP/CO/Snake)",
        "10. Infanticide &amp; Abortion Laws",
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        "2. Biostatistics",
        "3. Communicable Diseases",
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        "5. Nutrition &amp; Deficiencies",
        "6. Maternal &amp; Child Health",
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add_title_page(story)

# ══════════════════ SECTION HEADER HELPER ══════════════════
def make_section_header(title, is_fmt=True):
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    return t

def make_topic_header(title, is_fmt=True):
    color = FMT_DARK if is_fmt else PSM_DARK
    light = FMT_LIGHT if is_fmt else PSM_LIGHT
    style = ParagraphStyle(
        'TH', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10.5,
        textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_LEFT,
        spaceAfter=0, spaceBefore=0, leftIndent=4*mm
    )
    t = Table([[Paragraph(title, style)]], colWidths=[PAGE_W - 24*mm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), color),
        ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ]))
    return t

# ══════════════════ MCQ RENDERING ══════════════════
def add_mcq(story, q_num, q_text, options, correct, explanation, is_fmt=True):
    ans_color = FMT_DARK if is_fmt else PSM_DARK
    items = []

    # Question
    q_p = Paragraph(f"<b>Q{q_num}.</b> {q_text}", q_style)
    items.append(q_p)

    # Options
    letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
    for i, (letter, opt) in enumerate(zip(letters, options)):
        if letter == correct:
            opt_p = Paragraph(f"<font color='#1A7A1A'><b>({letter}) {opt} ✓</b></font>", opt_style)
        else:
            opt_p = Paragraph(f"({letter}) {opt}", opt_style)
        items.append(opt_p)

    # Explanation
    exp_p = Paragraph(f"<font color='#1A7A1A'><i>Ans: ({correct}) – {explanation}</i></font>", ans_inline_style)
    items.append(exp_p)
    items.append(Spacer(1, 1*mm))

    story.extend(items)

# ══════════════════ FMT SECTION ══════════════════
story.append(make_section_header("🔴  SECTION 1: FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY (FMT)", is_fmt=True))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3*mm))

fmt_q_num = 1
for topic, questions in fmt_questions.items():
    story.append(make_topic_header(topic, is_fmt=True))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 2*mm))
    for q_text, options, correct, explanation in questions:
        add_mcq(story, fmt_q_num, q_text, options, correct, explanation, is_fmt=True)
        fmt_answer_key.append((fmt_q_num, topic, q_text[:55]+"...", correct, explanation))
        fmt_q_num += 1
    story.append(Spacer(1, 3*mm))

fmt_total = fmt_q_num - 1

# ══════════════════ FMT ANSWER KEY ══════════════════
story.append(PageBreak())
story.append(make_section_header("FMT – ANSWER KEY", is_fmt=True))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4*mm))

ak_style = ParagraphStyle('AK', fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.5, textColor=HEADER_GREY, spaceAfter=0.5*mm, leading=12)
ak_ans = ParagraphStyle('AKA', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=8.5, textColor=CORRECT_GREEN, spaceAfter=2*mm, leading=12)

# Build compact 4-column answer key table
ak_rows = []
row = []
for i, (num, topic, qshort, correct, exp) in enumerate(fmt_answer_key):
    cell_text = f"<b>Q{num}. Ans: ({correct})</b><br/><font size='7.5'>{exp[:70]}{'...' if len(exp)>70 else ''}</font>"
    cell_p = Paragraph(cell_text, ParagraphStyle('AKCell', fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8, textColor=HEADER_GREY, leading=11, spaceAfter=1*mm))
    row.append(cell_p)
    if len(row) == 3:
        ak_rows.append(row)
        row = []
if row:
    while len(row) < 3:
        row.append(Paragraph("", ak_style))
    ak_rows.append(row)

if ak_rows:
    col_w = (PAGE_W - 24*mm) / 3
    ak_table = Table(ak_rows, colWidths=[col_w]*3)
    ak_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.3, colors.HexColor('#CCCCCC')),
        ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), FMT_LIGHT),
        ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'),
    ]))
    story.append(ak_table)

# ══════════════════ PSM SECTION ══════════════════
story.append(PageBreak())
story.append(make_section_header("🟢  SECTION 2: PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE (PSM)", is_fmt=False))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3*mm))

psm_q_num = 1
for topic, questions in psm_questions.items():
    story.append(make_topic_header(topic, is_fmt=False))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 2*mm))
    for q_text, options, correct, explanation in questions:
        add_mcq(story, psm_q_num, q_text, options, correct, explanation, is_fmt=False)
        psm_answer_key.append((psm_q_num, topic, q_text[:55]+"...", correct, explanation))
        psm_q_num += 1
    story.append(Spacer(1, 3*mm))

psm_total = psm_q_num - 1

# ══════════════════ PSM ANSWER KEY ══════════════════
story.append(PageBreak())
story.append(make_section_header("PSM – ANSWER KEY", is_fmt=False))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4*mm))

ak_rows_psm = []
row = []
for i, (num, topic, qshort, correct, exp) in enumerate(psm_answer_key):
    cell_text = f"<b>Q{num}. Ans: ({correct})</b><br/><font size='7.5'>{exp[:70]}{'...' if len(exp)>70 else ''}</font>"
    cell_p = Paragraph(cell_text, ParagraphStyle('AKCellP', fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8, textColor=HEADER_GREY, leading=11, spaceAfter=1*mm))
    row.append(cell_p)
    if len(row) == 3:
        ak_rows_psm.append(row)
        row = []
if row:
    while len(row) < 3:
        row.append(Paragraph("", ak_style))
    ak_rows_psm.append(row)

if ak_rows_psm:
    col_w = (PAGE_W - 24*mm) / 3
    ak_table_psm = Table(ak_rows_psm, colWidths=[col_w]*3)
    ak_table_psm.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.3, colors.HexColor('#CCCCCC')),
        ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), PSM_LIGHT),
        ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'),
    ]))
    story.append(ak_table_psm)

# ══════════════════ BACK PAGE SUMMARY ══════════════════
story.append(PageBreak())
summary_hdr = ParagraphStyle('SumHdr', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=14, textColor=HEADER_GREY, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4*mm, spaceBefore=4*mm)
story.append(Paragraph("📊 Quick Reference Summary – High-Yield Points", summary_hdr))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1.5, color=GOLD))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3*mm))

col_hdr = ParagraphStyle('ColHdr', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER)
col_txt = ParagraphStyle('ColTxt', fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.5, textColor=HEADER_GREY, spaceAfter=1.5*mm, leading=12)

fmt_summary = [
    "• Rigor mortis: starts 1–2 h, complete 6–12 h, passes 24–48 h",
    "• Livor mortis: appears 30 min–2 h, fixed 6–12 h",
    "• CO poisoning: cherry-red lividity",
    "• Cadaveric spasm: extreme emotion/violence",
    "• Decomposition starts: right iliac fossa (caecum)",
    "• Incised wound: length > depth, clean edges",
    "• Laceration: tissue bridges, irregular edges",
    "• Hesitation marks → suicidal wound",
    "• Defense wounds → homicidal wound",
    "• Exit GSW: larger, everted, no abrasion collar",
    "• Contact GSW: stellate tearing, burning, blackening",
    "• Hanging: oblique ascending mark; Strangulation: horizontal",
    "• Tardieu spots: petechiae from venous congestion",
    "• Drowning: diatom test confirms antemortem drowning",
    "• POCSO: child = below 18 years",
    "• Age of consent = 18 years (BNS)",
    "• Gustafson method: 6 dental criteria for age",
    "• 1st permanent tooth: 1st molar at 6 years",
    "• Wisdom tooth: 17–25 years",
    "• Clavicle sternal end: last epiphysis, fuses 21–25 y",
    "• OP poisoning antidote: Atropine + Pralidoxime",
    "• SLUDGE: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI, Emesis",
    "• CO: Hb affinity 200–300× > O2",
    "• Arsenic: Mees' lines, rice-water stools",
    "• Cobra: neurotoxic; Russell's viper: cytotoxic + DIC",
    "• MTP Act 2021: up to 20 wk (1 RMP); 20–24 wk (2 RMPs)",
    "• Dying declaration: requires compos mentis",
    "• NMC established by NMC Act 2019",
]

psm_summary = [
    "• IMR = deaths <1 yr / live births × 1000",
    "• MMR = maternal deaths / 100,000 live births",
    "• DALY = YLL + YLD",
    "• RR = 1: no association; >1: risk factor; <1: protective",
    "• OR used in case-control; RR used in cohort/RCT",
    "• Herd immunity: 1 – 1/R0",
    "• Measles R0 = 12–18; HIT ~94%",
    "• Normal distribution: ±1SD=68%, ±2SD=95%, ±3SD=99.7%",
    "• Sensitivity = TP/(TP+FN); Specificity = TN/(TN+FP)",
    "• NNT = 1/ARR",
    "• BCG: live attenuated M. bovis, at birth",
    "• OPV = Sabin (live); IPV = Salk (killed)",
    "• MMR: 9 months + 15–18 months",
    "• Cold chain: 2–8°C for most vaccines",
    "• Kwashiorkor: edema, no severe wasting",
    "• Marasmus: severe wasting, no edema",
    "• Pellagra: 4Ds – Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death",
    "• Vit A deficiency: Night blindness → Xerophthalmia → Keratomalacia",
    "• Scurvy: bleeding gums, perifollicular hemorrhages",
    "• APGAR at 1 min and 5 min; normal ≥7",
    "• PHC: 30,000 (plains); 20,000 (hilly/tribal)",
    "• Alma Ata 1978: HFA 2000 via PHC",
    "• NTEP (formerly RNTCP) target: eliminate TB by 2025",
    "• RBSK: 4D screening (0–18 years)",
    "• JSY: cash incentive for institutional delivery",
    "• Residual chlorine: 0.2–0.5 mg/L",
    "• Silicosis: free silica (SiO2); Asbestosis: mesothelioma",
    "• Byssinosis: cotton dust; Miner's nystagmus: poor light",
]

fmt_cells = [Paragraph(p, col_txt) for p in fmt_summary]
psm_cells = [Paragraph(p, col_txt) for p in psm_summary]

max_len = max(len(fmt_cells), len(psm_cells))
while len(fmt_cells) < max_len: fmt_cells.append(Paragraph("", col_txt))
while len(psm_cells) < max_len: psm_cells.append(Paragraph("", col_txt))

hdr_row = [
    Paragraph("FMT – High-Yield Points", ParagraphStyle('FH', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
    Paragraph("PSM – High-Yield Points", ParagraphStyle('PH', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
]
sum_rows = [hdr_row] + [[f, p] for f, p in zip(fmt_cells, psm_cells)]
sum_tbl = Table(sum_rows, colWidths=[(PAGE_W-24*mm)*0.5]*2)
sum_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (0,0), FMT_DARK),
    ('BACKGROUND', (1,0), (1,0), PSM_DARK),
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,1), (0,-1), FMT_LIGHT),
    ('BACKGROUND', (1,1), (1,-1), PSM_LIGHT),
    ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (0,-1), [FMT_LIGHT, colors.white]),
    ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (1,1), (1,-1), [PSM_LIGHT, colors.white]),
    ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.3, colors.grey),
    ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
    ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
    ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'),
]))
story.append(sum_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 5*mm))
story.append(Paragraph(
    f"<b>Total MCQs:</b> FMT = {fmt_total} | PSM = {psm_total} | <b>Grand Total = {fmt_total + psm_total}</b>",
    ParagraphStyle('Footer', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10, textColor=HEADER_GREY, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2*mm)
))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Best of Luck for your exams! Revise smart, not just hard. 🎓",
    ParagraphStyle('GoodLuck', fontName='Helvetica-BoldOblique', fontSize=11, textColor=GOLD, alignment=TA_CENTER)
))

# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Page numbering
def on_later_pages(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    canvas.setFont('Helvetica', 7)
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.grey)
    canvas.drawRightString(PAGE_W - 12*mm, 8*mm, f"Page {doc.page}  |  FMT & PSM MCQ Revision")
    canvas.drawString(12*mm, 8*mm, "3rd Year MBBS Quick Revision")
    canvas.restoreState()

def on_first_page(canvas, doc):
    pass

# Build
doc.build(story, onFirstPage=on_first_page, onLaterPages=on_later_pages)

print(f"PDF generated successfully!")
print(f"FMT MCQs: {fmt_total}")
print(f"PSM MCQs: {psm_total}")
print(f"Total MCQs: {fmt_total + psm_total}")
print(f"Output: /tmp/workspace/FMT_PSM_MCQ_Revision.pdf")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
FMT & PSM MCQ Flashcard PDF Generator
3rd Year MBBS | Group Study Edition
"""

from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.units import mm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont
import textwrap
import os

os.makedirs('/tmp/workspace', exist_ok=True)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  MCQ DATA
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

fmt_mcqs = [
    # Topic 1: Death & Postmortem Changes
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 1,
        "q": "Rigor mortis appears first in:",
        "opts": ["Eyelids", "Neck", "Jaw", "Lower limbs"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Jaw/masseter first, then neck, trunk, limbs (Nysten's law)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 2,
        "q": "Duration of rigor mortis in temperate climate:",
        "opts": ["6-12 hrs", "12-24 hrs", "24-48 hrs", "48-72 hrs"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Rigor mortis lasts 24-48 hours in temperate climate"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 3,
        "q": "Putrefaction starts first in:",
        "opts": ["Brain", "Stomach", "Heart", "Liver"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Stomach due to digestive enzymes and anaerobic bacteria"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 4,
        "q": "Cadaveric lividity (livor mortis) begins within:",
        "opts": ["30 min", "1-2 hrs", "6-12 hrs", "24 hrs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Begins 1-2 hrs after death; fixed (non-blanching) by 6-8 hrs"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 5,
        "q": "Post mortem caloricity is seen in:",
        "opts": ["Cholera", "Strychnine poisoning", "Tetanus", "All of above"],
        "ans": "D",
        "exp": "Body temp rises after death due to continued metabolism"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 6,
        "q": "Adipocere formation requires:",
        "opts": ["Dry environment", "Moist warm environment", "Cold environment", "Any environment"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Moist warm environment allows saponification of body fat"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 7,
        "q": "Mummification is seen in:",
        "opts": ["Hot dry climate", "Cold moist climate", "Tropical climate", "Humid climate"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Hot dry climate causes rapid desiccation/mummification"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 8,
        "q": "Suspended animation is a type of:",
        "opts": ["Somatic death", "Molecular death", "Apparent death", "Brain death"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Apparent death - vital functions so depressed, they seem absent"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 9,
        "q": "\"Cold stage\" of rigor mortis refers to:",
        "opts": ["Stage before rigor sets in", "Rigor during cold weather", "Rigor in cold body", "None"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Cold stage = pre-rigor cooling stage before stiffness develops"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Death & PM Changes", "qnum": 10,
        "q": "Estimated time since death is LEAST reliable from:",
        "opts": ["Rigor mortis", "Gastric contents", "Decomposition", "Livor mortis"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Decomposition is too variable (temp, insects, environment)"
    },
    # Topic 2: Wounds
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 11,
        "q": "Characteristic feature of incised wound:",
        "opts": ["Inverted margins", "Bruising at edges", "Clean cut edges", "Bridging of tissues"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Incised wounds have clean, sharp edges - caused by sharp cutting edge"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 12,
        "q": "Lacerated wound shows:",
        "opts": ["Clean margins", "Abraded contused margins", "Undermined edges", "No tissue bridges"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Lacerated wounds have abraded, contused, irregular margins"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 13,
        "q": "Defense wounds are seen on:",
        "opts": ["Back", "Dorsum of forearm", "Chest", "Abdomen"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Dorsum of forearm - raised to ward off blows from assailant"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 14,
        "q": "Tailing/fishtail in incised wound indicates:",
        "opts": ["Direction of blow", "End of wound", "Force applied", "Weapon used"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Fishtail at end where blade exits - marks endpoint of incised wound"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 15,
        "q": "Entry wound in close range firearm shows:",
        "opts": ["Larger size", "Blackening, tattooing", "Clean punched out", "Ragged margins"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Close range: blackening (soot) and tattooing (unburnt powder)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 16,
        "q": "Contact firearm wound shows:",
        "opts": ["Muzzle imprint", "Blackening only", "Tattooing", "Remote characteristics"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Hard contact: stellate laceration + muzzle imprint + gas in tissues"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 17,
        "q": "Contusion is best defined as:",
        "opts": ["Superficial abrasion", "Extravasation of blood without breach of skin", "Cut wound", "Tearing"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Contusion = bruise; blood leaks into tissues, skin intact"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Wounds", "qnum": 18,
        "q": "Stab wound - length greater than width indicates:",
        "opts": ["Single edge blade", "Double edge blade", "Blunt weapon", "Firearm"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Single edge blade: one sharp end, one blunt end = length > width"
    },
    # Topic 3: Asphyxia
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 19,
        "q": "Classic triad of asphyxia:",
        "opts": ["Petechiae, cyanosis, congestion", "Pallor, cyanosis, edema", "Froth, pallor, petechiae", "Cyanosis, pallor, dryness"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Tardieu spots (petechiae), cyanosis, and visceral congestion"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 20,
        "q": "Diatom test is done in:",
        "opts": ["Hanging", "Strangulation", "Drowning", "Smothering"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Diatoms in bone marrow/liver confirm ante-mortem drowning"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 21,
        "q": "Mark of rope in hanging is:",
        "opts": ["Oblique, non-continuous, above thyroid", "Horizontal, continuous", "Oblique, continuous", "Below thyroid"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Hanging: oblique, non-continuous, above thyroid cartilage"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 22,
        "q": "In manual strangulation, fracture commonly seen in:",
        "opts": ["Cricoid cartilage", "Hyoid bone", "Thyroid cartilage", "Both B & C"],
        "ans": "D",
        "exp": "Manual strangulation fractures hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 23,
        "q": "Cafe coronary is:",
        "opts": ["CO poisoning", "Strangulation", "Bolus choking", "Drowning"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Sudden death from large food bolus obstructing larynx/trachea"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Asphyxia", "qnum": 24,
        "q": "Paltauf's hemorrhages are seen in:",
        "opts": ["Drowning lungs", "Strangulation neck", "Petechiae in hanging", "Contusion"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Paltauf's spots: pale hemorrhages on pleural surface in drowning"
    },
    # Topic 4: Sexual Offences
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Sexual Offences", "qnum": 25,
        "q": "Age of consent for sexual intercourse in India (POCSO):",
        "opts": ["16 yrs", "18 yrs", "14 yrs", "21 yrs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "POCSO Act 2012: age of consent is 18 years in India"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Sexual Offences", "qnum": 26,
        "q": "Seminal stains examined by:",
        "opts": ["Barberio's test", "Florence test", "Acid phosphatase", "All of above"],
        "ans": "D",
        "exp": "All 3 tests used: Barberio's, Florence (choline crystals), acid phosphatase"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Sexual Offences", "qnum": 27,
        "q": "Hymen type that does NOT rupture easily:",
        "opts": ["Annular", "Fimbriated", "Cribriform", "Septate"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Fimbriated/elastic hymen is flexible and resistant to rupture"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Sexual Offences", "qnum": 28,
        "q": "Medical examination in rape should be done by:",
        "opts": ["Male doctor only", "Female doctor preferred", "Any doctor", "Gynecologist only"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Any registered medical practitioner; female doctor preferred but not mandatory"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Sexual Offences", "qnum": 29,
        "q": "Two-finger test in rape examination is:",
        "opts": ["Mandatory", "Recommended", "Banned by Supreme Court", "Optional"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "SC banned two-finger test (2022) as violates dignity and unscientific"
    },
    # Topic 5: Age Estimation
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Age Estimation", "qnum": 30,
        "q": "Gustafson's method for age estimation uses:",
        "opts": ["Bones", "Teeth", "Fingerprints", "X-rays"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Gustafson uses 6 dental criteria: attrition, periodontosis, secondary dentin, etc."
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Age Estimation", "qnum": 31,
        "q": "Union of medial end of clavicle occurs at:",
        "opts": ["18 yrs", "21-25 yrs", "16 yrs", "30 yrs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Last epiphysis to fuse; medial clavicle fuses at 21-25 years"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Age Estimation", "qnum": 32,
        "q": "Neonatal line (line of birth) is seen in:",
        "opts": ["Enamel", "Dentin", "Both enamel & dentin", "Cementum"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Neonatal line marks birth stress in both enamel and dentin"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Age Estimation", "qnum": 33,
        "q": "Last permanent tooth to erupt:",
        "opts": ["Second molar", "Canine", "Third molar (wisdom)", "Second premolar"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Third molar (wisdom tooth) erupts at 17-25 years, last to appear"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Age Estimation", "qnum": 34,
        "q": "Suchey-Brooks method estimates age from:",
        "opts": ["Femur", "Pubic symphysis", "Skull", "Pelvis"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Pubic symphysis surface morphology used to estimate adult age"
    },
    # Topic 6: Identification
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Identification", "qnum": 35,
        "q": "Fingerprint ridge patterns - most common type:",
        "opts": ["Whorl", "Loop", "Arch", "Composite"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Loop is most common (~65%); whorl ~30%; arch ~5%"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Identification", "qnum": 36,
        "q": "Superimposition technique is used for:",
        "opts": ["Fingerprints", "Skull-photo identification", "DNA", "Blood typing"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Skull-photo superimposition overlays skull on ante-mortem photo"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Identification", "qnum": 37,
        "q": "Locard's exchange principle states:",
        "opts": ["Every contact leaves trace", "Fingerprints are unique", "DNA is infallible", "Age from teeth"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Locard: every contact leaves a trace (basis of forensic evidence)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Identification", "qnum": 38,
        "q": "DNA fingerprinting uses:",
        "opts": ["VNTRs/STRs", "Mitochondrial DNA only", "Nuclear DNA only", "Protein analysis"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats) and STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Identification", "qnum": 39,
        "q": "Galton's details refer to:",
        "opts": ["Fingerprint minutiae", "Bone markers", "Dental features", "Hair characteristics"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Galton described fingerprint minutiae (ridge endings, bifurcations)"
    },
    # Topic 7: Medical Jurisprudence
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence", "qnum": 40,
        "q": "Dying declaration is admissible under IEA section:",
        "opts": ["32", "27", "45", "60"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Section 32 IEA: statement of deceased admissible as dying declaration"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence", "qnum": 41,
        "q": "Therapeutic privilege means:",
        "opts": ["Doctor can withhold info if harmful", "Doctor can refuse treatment", "Privileged communication", "Right to operate"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Doctor may withhold info if disclosure would harm the patient's health"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence", "qnum": 42,
        "q": "Informed consent requires:",
        "opts": ["Written only", "Verbal only", "Understanding of procedure/risks", "Just signature"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Patient must understand the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence", "qnum": 43,
        "q": "In India, the minimum legal age for marriage (girls):",
        "opts": ["16 yrs", "18 yrs", "21 yrs", "14 yrs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Prohibition of Child Marriage Act: minimum 18 yrs for girls"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence", "qnum": 44,
        "q": "NMC (National Medical Commission) replaced:",
        "opts": ["IMA", "MCI", "DCI", "PCI"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "NMC Act 2020 replaced Medical Council of India (MCI)"
    },
    # Topic 8: Toxicology Principles
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Toxicology", "qnum": 45,
        "q": "LD50 means:",
        "opts": ["Lethal dose for 50% animals", "Minimum lethal dose", "Dose in 50 kg person", "Safe dose"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "LD50 = dose that kills 50% of test animals; measures acute toxicity"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Toxicology", "qnum": 46,
        "q": "First pass metabolism occurs in:",
        "opts": ["Kidney", "Liver", "Lung", "Gut only"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Liver metabolizes orally absorbed drugs before systemic circulation"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Toxicology", "qnum": 47,
        "q": "Carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning shows urine:",
        "opts": ["Black/dark colored", "Yellow", "Red", "Green"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Phenol oxidizes to quinones giving dark brown/black ('carboluria')"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Toxicology", "qnum": 48,
        "q": "Vitriol throwing involves:",
        "opts": ["Phenol", "H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)", "HCl", "Nitric acid"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Oil of vitriol = concentrated H2SO4; causes severe acid burns"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Toxicology", "qnum": 49,
        "q": "Antidote for organophosphorus poisoning:",
        "opts": ["BAL", "EDTA", "Atropine + PAM", "Naloxone"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Atropine blocks muscarinic effects; PAM (pralidoxime) reactivates ChE"
    },
    # Topic 9: Common Poisons
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 50,
        "q": "Mees' lines (transverse white bands on nails) in:",
        "opts": ["Arsenic", "Lead", "Mercury", "Thallium"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Mees' lines are pathognomonic of chronic arsenic poisoning"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 51,
        "q": "Antidote for morphine/opioid poisoning:",
        "opts": ["Flumazenil", "Naloxone", "Atropine", "BAL"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Naloxone: competitive opioid antagonist; reverses respiratory depression"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 52,
        "q": "Cherry red colour of blood/skin in:",
        "opts": ["Cyanide", "CO poisoning", "Methemoglobin", "Both A & B"],
        "ans": "D",
        "exp": "Both CO (carboxyhemoglobin) and cyanide cause cherry red discoloration"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 53,
        "q": "Wrist drop classically seen in:",
        "opts": ["Arsenic", "Lead", "Mercury", "Thallium"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Lead poisoning: wrist drop due to radial nerve motor neuropathy"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 54,
        "q": "Russell's viper venom causes primarily:",
        "opts": ["Neurotoxicity", "Coagulopathy/cytotoxic", "Cardiotoxicity", "Nephrotoxicity"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Russell's viper: coagulopathy (DIC), local cytotoxicity, renal failure"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 55,
        "q": "Blood alcohol concentration for drunk driving in India:",
        "opts": ["20 mg/100ml", "30 mg/100ml", "50 mg/100ml", "80 mg/100ml"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Motor Vehicles Act: BAC limit = 30 mg/100ml (0.03%) in India"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Common Poisons", "qnum": 56,
        "q": "Acrodynia (pink disease) is caused by:",
        "opts": ["Arsenic", "Mercury", "Lead", "Copper"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Acrodynia = mercury poisoning in children; pink extremities, sweating"
    },
    # Topic 10: Infanticide, MTP Act
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Infanticide & MTP", "qnum": 57,
        "q": "Hydrostatic test (docimasia pulmonaris) determines:",
        "opts": ["Age of fetus", "Whether baby breathed after birth", "Cause of death", "Sex of fetus"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Lungs that breathed float in water; stillborn lungs sink"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Infanticide & MTP", "qnum": 58,
        "q": "MTP Act India - gestational limit with one doctor's opinion:",
        "opts": ["12 weeks", "20 weeks", "24 weeks", "No limit"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Up to 20 weeks: one doctor; 20-24 weeks: two doctors required"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Infanticide & MTP", "qnum": 59,
        "q": "Infanticide is defined as killing of child under:",
        "opts": ["1 month", "12 months", "2 years", "6 months"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Infanticide Act (UK) / IPC: killing of own child under 12 months"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Infanticide & MTP", "qnum": 60,
        "q": "Overlaying (accidental smothering) in infants occurs when:",
        "opts": ["Object over face", "Adult rolls over infant during sleep", "Strangulation", "Drowning"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Adult accidentally rolls onto infant during co-sleeping, causing asphyxia"
    },
    {
        "subject": "FMT", "topic": "Infanticide & MTP", "qnum": 61,
        "q": "Battered baby syndrome (Caffey's syndrome) shows:",
        "opts": ["Multiple fractures at different stages", "Burns", "Drowning", "Poisoning"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Multiple fractures at different stages of healing = non-accidental injury"
    },
]

psm_mcqs = [
    # Topic 1: Epidemiology
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 1,
        "q": "Incidence rate measures:",
        "opts": ["Existing cases", "New cases in a time period", "Deaths", "Prevalence"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Incidence = new cases per population per time; prevalence = all cases"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 2,
        "q": "Relative Risk (RR) = 1 means:",
        "opts": ["Strong association", "No association", "Negative association", "Causation proved"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "RR=1: exposed and unexposed have equal risk; no association"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 3,
        "q": "Gold standard study design for causality:",
        "opts": ["Case-control", "Cross-sectional", "RCT", "Cohort"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "RCT is gold standard; randomization eliminates confounding bias"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 4,
        "q": "Herd immunity threshold for measles (R0~15):",
        "opts": ["50%", "70%", "93-95%", "80%"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "HIT = 1 - 1/R0 = 1 - 1/15 = 93.3%; ~95% needed for measles"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 5,
        "q": "Odds Ratio (OR) is used in:",
        "opts": ["Cohort study", "RCT", "Case-control study", "Cross-sectional"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "OR used in case-control studies; incidence unknown so RR not calculable"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Epidemiology", "qnum": 6,
        "q": "Berkson's bias is a type of:",
        "opts": ["Selection bias", "Information bias", "Confounding", "Random error"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Berkson's bias: hospital-based selection bias in case-control studies"
    },
    # Topic 2: Biostatistics
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 7,
        "q": "Normal distribution - % values within ±1 SD:",
        "opts": ["68%", "95%", "99.7%", "50%"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "68-95-99.7 rule: ±1SD=68%, ±2SD=95%, ±3SD=99.7%"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 8,
        "q": "p-value < 0.05 means:",
        "opts": ["Result due to chance", "Statistically significant", "Clinically significant", "No association"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "p<0.05: result unlikely due to chance alone (statistically significant)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 9,
        "q": "A highly sensitive test is best used for:",
        "opts": ["Confirmation", "Screening", "Diagnosis only", "Treatment"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "High sensitivity = few false negatives; best for screening (SPIN/SNOUT)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 10,
        "q": "NNT (Number Needed to Treat) =",
        "opts": ["1/ARR", "1/RR", "ARR/1", "RR-1"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "NNT = 1/Absolute Risk Reduction; lower NNT = more effective treatment"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 11,
        "q": "Median is preferred over mean when:",
        "opts": ["Normal distribution", "Skewed distribution", "Large sample", "Equal values"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Median not affected by outliers; preferred in skewed distributions"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Biostatistics", "qnum": 12,
        "q": "Chi-square test is used for:",
        "opts": ["Comparing means", "Comparing proportions", "Correlation", "Regression"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Chi-square: tests association between two categorical variables"
    },
    # Topic 3: Communicable Diseases
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Communicable Diseases", "qnum": 13,
        "q": "Basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 original strain:",
        "opts": ["1-2", "2-3", "5-6", "15"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Original SARS-CoV-2 R0 ~2-3; Delta ~5-6; Omicron ~8-15"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Communicable Diseases", "qnum": 14,
        "q": "Fomites are:",
        "opts": ["Living reservoirs", "Inanimate objects carrying infection", "Vectors", "Food items"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Fomites: inanimate objects (doorknobs, utensils) that harbor pathogens"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Communicable Diseases", "qnum": 15,
        "q": "Zoonosis is:",
        "opts": ["Disease from animals to humans", "Waterborne disease", "Airborne disease", "Vector-borne only"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Zoonosis: disease naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Communicable Diseases", "qnum": 16,
        "q": "Incubation period of cholera:",
        "opts": ["1-3 days", "2-10 days", "14-21 days", "6 hrs"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Cholera IP: few hours to 5 days, typically 1-3 days (Vibrio cholerae)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Communicable Diseases", "qnum": 17,
        "q": "Quarantine period for plague:",
        "opts": ["6 days", "10 days", "14 days", "21 days"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Plague quarantine = 6 days (max IP); IHR notifiable disease"
    },
    # Topic 4: Immunization
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 18,
        "q": "BCG vaccine is given at:",
        "opts": ["Birth", "6 weeks", "3 months", "9 months"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "BCG given at birth (or as early as possible) under UIP India"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 19,
        "q": "OPV is contraindicated in:",
        "opts": ["Malnourished child", "Immunocompromised child", "Premature baby", "Jaundiced baby"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "OPV (live vaccine) contraindicated in immunocompromised; use IPV"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 20,
        "q": "Cold chain temperature for vaccines:",
        "opts": ["0-8 deg C", "2-8 deg C", "-20 deg C", "Room temp"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Most vaccines stored at 2-8°C; OPV/varicella at -20°C (freezer)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 21,
        "q": "MMR vaccine is given at (India NIS):",
        "opts": ["Birth", "6 weeks", "9 months", "15-18 months"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "India NIS: MR at 9 months; 2nd dose MR at 16-24 months; MMR private"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 22,
        "q": "Vaccine that uses adjuvant aluminium hydroxide:",
        "opts": ["OPV", "BCG", "DPT", "MMR"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "DPT contains aluminium hydroxide adjuvant to enhance immune response"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Immunization", "qnum": 23,
        "q": "Vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) is caused by:",
        "opts": ["IPV", "OPV", "BCG", "DT"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "OPV (live attenuated) can rarely revert to virulence causing VAPP"
    },
    # Topic 5: Nutrition
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 24,
        "q": "Kwashiorkor is caused by:",
        "opts": ["Total calorie deficiency", "Protein deficiency", "Fat deficiency", "Vitamin deficiency"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Kwashiorkor: protein deficiency with edema, fatty liver; Marasmus = total calorie"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 25,
        "q": "Night blindness is due to deficiency of:",
        "opts": ["Vit C", "Vit D", "Vit A", "Vit B12"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Vit A deficiency: night blindness, Bitot's spots, xerophthalmia"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 26,
        "q": "Scurvy (Vit C deficiency) characteristic finding:",
        "opts": ["Bitot's spots", "Perifollicular hemorrhages", "Pellagra rash", "Beriberi"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Scurvy: perifollicular hemorrhages, corkscrew hairs, bleeding gums"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 27,
        "q": "MUAC cutoff for severe acute malnutrition in children:",
        "opts": ["<11.5 cm", "<12.5 cm", "<13 cm", "<10 cm"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "MUAC <11.5 cm = SAM; 11.5-12.5 cm = MAM in children 6-59 months"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 28,
        "q": "Iodine deficiency causes:",
        "opts": ["Rickets", "Goiter/cretinism", "Pellagra", "Scurvy"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Iodine deficiency: goiter (adults), cretinism (neonates), hypothyroidism"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Nutrition", "qnum": 29,
        "q": "RDA of protein for Indian adult male (ICMR):",
        "opts": ["0.6 g/kg/day", "0.8 g/kg/day", "1.0 g/kg/day", "1.2 g/kg/day"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "ICMR RDA: 0.8 g/kg/day protein for adult; higher in pregnancy/lactation"
    },
    # Topic 6: MCH
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "MCH", "qnum": 30,
        "q": "APGAR score - maximum score:",
        "opts": ["5", "8", "10", "12"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "APGAR: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration - max 10"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "MCH", "qnum": 31,
        "q": "Normal birth weight:",
        "opts": [">2000g", ">2500g", ">3000g", ">3500g"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Normal birth weight ≥2500g; <2500g = Low Birth Weight (LBW)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "MCH", "qnum": 32,
        "q": "ANC minimum contacts recommended by WHO (2016):",
        "opts": ["4", "6", "8", "12"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "WHO 2016 recommends 8 ANC contacts (upgraded from 4 in earlier guidelines)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "MCH", "qnum": 33,
        "q": "IUGR is defined as birth weight below:",
        "opts": ["5th centile", "10th centile", "25th centile", "3rd centile"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "IUGR: birth weight <10th centile for gestational age"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "MCH", "qnum": 34,
        "q": "Road to health card is used for:",
        "opts": ["ANC", "Immunization only", "Growth monitoring", "Disease surveillance"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Road to health (growth) card: monitors weight, nutrition, immunization"
    },
    # Topic 7: National Health Programs
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 35,
        "q": "DOTS stands for:",
        "opts": ["Daily observed treatment", "Directly observed treatment short course", "Drug oriented therapy", "None"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "DOTS: Directly Observed Treatment Short-course for TB management"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 36,
        "q": "Under NTEP, treatment category for new sputum positive TB:",
        "opts": ["CAT I", "CAT II", "CAT III", "CAT IV"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Category I: new sputum-positive pulmonary TB; 2HRZE + 4HR regimen"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 37,
        "q": "NACP - Window period for HIV:",
        "opts": ["2 weeks", "4-12 weeks (3 months)", "6 months", "1 year"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "HIV window period: 4-12 weeks (test positive after antibody formation)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 38,
        "q": "Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) promotes:",
        "opts": ["Institutional delivery", "ANC", "Child immunization", "Family planning"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "JSY: cash incentive scheme to promote institutional delivery"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 39,
        "q": "RBSK covers children in age group:",
        "opts": ["0-6 yrs", "0-18 yrs", "5-18 yrs", "1-14 yrs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK): 0-18 yrs, screens 4D conditions"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "National Health Programs", "qnum": 40,
        "q": "Vector of malaria:",
        "opts": ["Culex", "Anopheles female", "Aedes", "Mansonia"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Female Anopheles mosquito transmits Plasmodium; Culex = filariasis/JE"
    },
    # Topic 8: Water & Sanitation
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Water & Sanitation", "qnum": 41,
        "q": "Permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water (BIS/WHO):",
        "opts": ["0.5 mg/L", "1.0 mg/L", "1.5 mg/L", "2.0 mg/L"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "WHO/BIS: fluoride limit 1.5 mg/L; optimal 0.5-1.0 mg/L for dental health"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Water & Sanitation", "qnum": 42,
        "q": "Slow sand filter - effective in removing:",
        "opts": ["Chemicals", "Turbidity only", "Bacteria (99%) by Schmutzdecke", "Color"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Schmutzdecke (biological layer) in slow sand filter removes 99% bacteria"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Water & Sanitation", "qnum": 43,
        "q": "Residual chlorine in treated water:",
        "opts": ["0.01 ppm", "0.2-0.5 ppm", "1-2 ppm", "5 ppm"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Residual chlorine: 0.2-0.5 ppm at tap; ensures continued disinfection"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Water & Sanitation", "qnum": 44,
        "q": "BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) measures:",
        "opts": ["Chemical pollution", "Organic pollution", "Physical pollution", "Radiation"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "BOD: oxygen needed to decompose organic matter; indicator of water pollution"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Water & Sanitation", "qnum": 45,
        "q": "Primary treatment of sewage removes:",
        "opts": ["Dissolved solids", "Suspended solids (settable)", "Bacteria", "Chemicals"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Primary treatment: physical settling removes 60% suspended solids"
    },
    # Topic 9: Occupational Health
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Occupational Health", "qnum": 46,
        "q": "Silicosis is caused by:",
        "opts": ["Coal dust", "Free crystalline silica", "Asbestos", "Cotton dust"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Silicosis: inhalation of free crystalline silica (SiO2) - progressive fibrosis"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Occupational Health", "qnum": 47,
        "q": "Mesothelioma is associated with:",
        "opts": ["Silica", "Asbestos", "Coal", "Lead"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Asbestos causes pleural mesothelioma; also asbestosis and lung cancer"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Occupational Health", "qnum": 48,
        "q": "Byssinosis is caused by:",
        "opts": ["Silica", "Coal", "Cotton dust", "Asbestos"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "Byssinosis (brown lung): cotton dust inhalation; Monday morning fever"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Occupational Health", "qnum": 49,
        "q": "TLV (Threshold Limit Value) for CO in workplace:",
        "opts": ["25 ppm", "50 ppm", "100 ppm", "200 ppm"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "CO TLV-TWA: 25 ppm (ACGIH); 50 ppm (OSHA PEL) 8-hr average"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Occupational Health", "qnum": 50,
        "q": "\"Monday morning fever\" is seen in:",
        "opts": ["Silicosis", "Byssinosis", "Asbestosis", "Siderosis"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Byssinosis: chest tightness worse on Mondays (after weekend away from cotton)"
    },
    # Topic 10: Health Planning
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 51,
        "q": "Alma Ata Declaration (1978) principle:",
        "opts": ["Selective PHC", "Health for all by 2000 through PHC", "Hospital-based care", "Vertical programs"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "Alma Ata: 'Health for All by Year 2000' through Primary Health Care"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 52,
        "q": "Bhore Committee (1946) recommended:",
        "opts": ["3-tier system", "AYUSH integration", "Social insurance", "Privatization"],
        "ans": "A",
        "exp": "Bhore Committee: 3-tier health system (primary, secondary, tertiary)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 53,
        "q": "IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) = deaths in:",
        "opts": ["Under 5 yrs per 1000 births", "Under 1 yr per 1000 live births", "Neonatal deaths", "Perinatal deaths"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "IMR = deaths under 1 year / 1000 live births; sensitive indicator of health"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 54,
        "q": "DALY =",
        "opts": ["YLL only", "YLD only", "YLL + YLD", "YLL - YLD"],
        "ans": "C",
        "exp": "DALY = Years of Life Lost (premature death) + Years Lived with Disability"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 55,
        "q": "Primary health centre (PHC) covers population of:",
        "opts": ["5,000", "10,000-30,000", "1,00,000", "50,000"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "PHC: plains 30,000; hilly/tribal 20,000; Sub-centre: 5,000 (plains)"
    },
    {
        "subject": "PSM", "topic": "Health Planning", "qnum": 56,
        "q": "HDI (Human Development Index) components:",
        "opts": ["Health, Education, GDP", "Health, Education, Income", "Mortality, Morbidity, Income", "IMR, MMR, GDP"],
        "ans": "B",
        "exp": "HDI: Life expectancy (health), Education index, GNI per capita (income)"
    },
]

print(f"FMT MCQs: {len(fmt_mcqs)}, PSM MCQs: {len(psm_mcqs)}, Total: {len(fmt_mcqs)+len(psm_mcqs)}")

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  COLORS & CONSTANTS
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
FMT_HEADER_COLOR = colors.Color(180/255, 40/255, 40/255)       # dark red
FMT_STRIP_COLOR  = colors.Color(255/255, 245/255, 220/255)     # light yellow
PSM_HEADER_COLOR = colors.Color(0/255, 100/255, 100/255)       # dark teal
PSM_STRIP_COLOR  = colors.Color(220/255, 245/255, 245/255)     # light blue
BORDER_COLOR     = colors.Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
CORRECT_COLOR    = colors.Color(0/255, 120/255, 0/255)         # dark green
WHITE            = colors.white
BLACK            = colors.black
LIGHT_GRAY       = colors.Color(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  PAGE LAYOUT
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
W, H = A4               # 595.27 x 841.89 pt
MARGIN = 8 * mm

COLS = 2
ROWS = 3
CARDS_PER_PAGE = COLS * ROWS

# Card dimensions (points)
avail_w = W - 2 * MARGIN
avail_h = H - 2 * MARGIN
CARD_W = avail_w / COLS
CARD_H = avail_h / ROWS

GAP = 1 * mm   # small internal padding

# Card internal layout
HEADER_H   = 9 * mm
STRIP_H    = 18 * mm   # answer strip height
Q_AREA_H   = CARD_H - HEADER_H - STRIP_H
DIVIDER_Y_FROM_BOTTOM = STRIP_H  # strip is at bottom

INNER_PAD  = 3 * mm    # inside the card for text

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  HELPER: wrap text to fit width
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def wrap_text(text, font_name, font_size, max_width, canvas_obj):
    """
    Returns list of lines wrapped to fit max_width.
    """
    words = text.split()
    lines = []
    current = ""
    for word in words:
        test = (current + " " + word).strip()
        if canvas_obj.stringWidth(test, font_name, font_size) <= max_width:
            current = test
        else:
            if current:
                lines.append(current)
            current = word
    if current:
        lines.append(current)
    return lines

def draw_dashed_rect(c, x, y, w, h, dash_size=3, gap_size=3, line_width=0.5):
    """Draw a dashed rectangle border."""
    c.saveState()
    c.setStrokeColor(BORDER_COLOR)
    c.setLineWidth(line_width)
    c.setDash(dash_size, gap_size)
    c.rect(x, y, w, h, stroke=1, fill=0)
    c.restoreState()

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  DRAW A SINGLE FLASHCARD
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def draw_card(c, mcq, card_x, card_y, global_num):
    """
    Draw one flashcard. (card_x, card_y) = bottom-left of card.
    """
    subj   = mcq["subject"]  # "FMT" or "PSM"
    topic  = mcq["topic"]
    qnum   = mcq["qnum"]
    q_text = mcq["q"]
    opts   = mcq["opts"]
    ans    = mcq["ans"]      # "A", "B", "C", or "D"
    exp    = mcq["exp"]

    hdr_color   = FMT_HEADER_COLOR if subj == "FMT" else PSM_HEADER_COLOR
    strip_color = FMT_STRIP_COLOR  if subj == "FMT" else PSM_STRIP_COLOR

    opt_labels = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]
    ans_idx    = ord(ans) - ord("A")  # 0-3

    cw = CARD_W
    ch = CARD_H

    # ── 1. Card background (white) ──────────────────────
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.rect(card_x, card_y, cw, ch, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── 2. Dashed border ────────────────────────────────
    draw_dashed_rect(c, card_x, card_y, cw, ch)

    # ── 3. Header bar ───────────────────────────────────
    hdr_y = card_y + ch - HEADER_H
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(hdr_color)
    c.rect(card_x, hdr_y, cw, HEADER_H, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.restoreState()

    # Subject badge (left)
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7)
    badge_text = subj
    badge_w = c.stringWidth(badge_text, "Helvetica-Bold", 7) + 4 * mm
    badge_x = card_x + INNER_PAD
    badge_cy = hdr_y + HEADER_H / 2
    # Badge pill background
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.roundRect(badge_x - 1.5*mm, badge_cy - 3*mm, badge_w, 6*mm, 2*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(hdr_color)
    c.drawString(badge_x, badge_cy - 2*mm, badge_text)
    c.restoreState()

    # Topic text (center)
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 5.5)
    topic_short = topic[:22] + ".." if len(topic) > 24 else topic
    topic_w = c.stringWidth(topic_short, "Helvetica", 5.5)
    topic_x = card_x + cw/2 - topic_w/2
    c.drawString(topic_x, hdr_y + HEADER_H/2 - 2*mm, topic_short)
    c.restoreState()

    # Card number (right)
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 6.5)
    num_text = f"#{global_num}"
    num_w = c.stringWidth(num_text, "Helvetica-Bold", 6.5)
    c.drawString(card_x + cw - INNER_PAD - num_w, hdr_y + HEADER_H/2 - 2*mm, num_text)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── 4. Answer strip (bottom) ─────────────────────────
    strip_y = card_y
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(strip_color)
    c.rect(card_x, strip_y, cw, STRIP_H, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.restoreState()

    # Divider line above strip
    c.saveState()
    c.setStrokeColor(BORDER_COLOR)
    c.setLineWidth(0.5)
    c.line(card_x + 2*mm, strip_y + STRIP_H, card_x + cw - 2*mm, strip_y + STRIP_H)
    c.restoreState()

    # ANS label
    ans_text_bold = f"ANS: {ans})  "
    ans_full = f"{ans}) {opts[ans_idx]}"
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(CORRECT_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7)
    lbl_x = card_x + INNER_PAD
    lbl_y = strip_y + STRIP_H - 6*mm
    c.drawString(lbl_x, lbl_y, f"ANS: {ans})  {opts[ans_idx][:30]}")
    c.restoreState()

    # Explanation text (wrapped)
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(BLACK)
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 6)
    max_exp_w = cw - 2 * INNER_PAD
    exp_lines = wrap_text(exp, "Helvetica", 6, max_exp_w, c)
    exp_y = lbl_y - 5.5*mm
    for eline in exp_lines[:2]:  # max 2 lines
        if exp_y >= strip_y + 1*mm:
            c.drawString(lbl_x, exp_y, eline)
            exp_y -= 5.5*mm
    c.restoreState()

    # ── 5. Question area (middle) ──────────────────────
    q_area_top    = hdr_y          # bottom of header
    q_area_bottom = strip_y + STRIP_H  # top of answer strip
    q_area_height = q_area_top - q_area_bottom

    text_x = card_x + INNER_PAD
    max_text_w = cw - 2 * INNER_PAD

    # Q number + question text (bold, wrapped)
    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5)
    q_lines = wrap_text(f"Q{qnum}. {q_text}", "Helvetica-Bold", 7.5, max_text_w, c)

    # Calculate available height for question + options
    line_h_q    = 8.5  # pt per line for question
    line_h_opt  = 8    # pt per line for options

    total_opt_h = 4 * line_h_opt
    total_q_h   = len(q_lines) * line_h_q
    total_h     = total_q_h + 2 + total_opt_h  # 2pt gap

    start_y = q_area_bottom + q_area_height - 3.5*mm  # 3.5mm from top of q_area

    cur_y = start_y
    for line in q_lines:
        if cur_y > q_area_bottom + total_opt_h + 2*mm:
            c.drawString(text_x, cur_y, line)
            cur_y -= line_h_q
    c.restoreState()

    # Options
    gap_after_q = 2.5
    opt_start_y = cur_y - gap_after_q
    c.saveState()
    for i, opt in enumerate(opts):
        lbl = opt_labels[i]
        opt_y = opt_start_y - i * line_h_opt
        if opt_y < q_area_bottom + 1*mm:
            break

        if i == ans_idx:
            # Correct option: bold green + checkmark
            c.setFillColor(CORRECT_COLOR)
            c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7)
            opt_display = f"{lbl}) {opt}"
            if len(opt_display) > 34:
                opt_display = opt_display[:33] + "."
            c.drawString(text_x, opt_y, opt_display + "  \u2713")
        else:
            c.setFillColor(BLACK)
            c.setFont("Helvetica", 7)
            opt_display = f"{lbl}) {opt}"
            if len(opt_display) > 35:
                opt_display = opt_display[:34] + "."
            c.drawString(text_x, opt_y, opt_display)
    c.restoreState()


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  TITLE PAGE
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def draw_title_page(c):
    c.saveState()
    # Background subtle gradient effect via filled rects
    c.setFillColor(colors.Color(0.97, 0.97, 0.97))
    c.rect(0, 0, W, H, stroke=0, fill=1)

    # Top red band (FMT color)
    c.setFillColor(FMT_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.rect(0, H - 40*mm, W, 40*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    # Bottom teal band (PSM color)
    c.setFillColor(PSM_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.rect(0, 0, W, 28*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)

    # Main title
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 28)
    title = "FMT & PSM QUICK FLASHCARDS"
    tw = c.stringWidth(title, "Helvetica-Bold", 28)
    c.drawString((W - tw)/2, H - 25*mm, title)

    # Subtitle in top band
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 13)
    sub = "3rd Year MBBS  |  Group Study Edition"
    sw = c.stringWidth(sub, "Helvetica", 13)
    c.drawString((W - sw)/2, H - 37*mm, sub)

    # Decorative divider
    c.setStrokeColor(FMT_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.setLineWidth(3)
    c.line(W*0.15, H - 48*mm, W*0.85, H - 48*mm)

    # Subject line
    c.setFillColor(BLACK)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 14)
    s2 = "Forensic Medicine & Toxicology"
    s2w = c.stringWidth(s2, "Helvetica-Bold", 14)
    c.setFillColor(FMT_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.drawString((W - s2w)/2, H - 60*mm, s2)

    c.setFont("Helvetica", 11)
    plus = "+"
    pw = c.stringWidth(plus, "Helvetica", 11)
    c.setFillColor(colors.Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
    c.drawString((W - pw)/2, H - 70*mm, plus)

    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 14)
    s3 = "Preventive & Social Medicine"
    s3w = c.stringWidth(s3, "Helvetica-Bold", 14)
    c.setFillColor(PSM_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.drawString((W - s3w)/2, H - 80*mm, s3)

    # Stats box
    box_y = H/2 - 30*mm
    box_h = 60*mm
    box_x = W/2 - 65*mm
    box_w = 130*mm
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setStrokeColor(colors.Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.8))
    c.setLineWidth(1)
    c.roundRect(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h, 4*mm, stroke=1, fill=1)

    stats = [
        ("117", "MCQ Flashcards Total"),
        ("61", "FMT Questions | 10 Topics"),
        ("56", "PSM Questions | 10 Topics"),
    ]
    stat_y = box_y + box_h - 12*mm
    for num, label in stats:
        c.setFillColor(FMT_HEADER_COLOR)
        c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 18)
        nw = c.stringWidth(num, "Helvetica-Bold", 18)
        c.drawString(box_x + 15*mm, stat_y, num)
        c.setFillColor(BLACK)
        c.setFont("Helvetica", 9)
        c.drawString(box_x + 15*mm + nw + 4*mm, stat_y + 2, label)
        stat_y -= 16*mm

    # Color legend
    leg_y = H/2 - 50*mm
    c.setFillColor(FMT_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.rect(W/2 - 50*mm, leg_y, 8*mm, 5*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK)
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 9)
    c.drawString(W/2 - 39*mm, leg_y + 1*mm, "FMT Cards")

    c.setFillColor(PSM_HEADER_COLOR)
    c.rect(W/2 + 5*mm, leg_y, 8*mm, 5*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK)
    c.drawString(W/2 + 16*mm, leg_y + 1*mm, "PSM Cards")

    # Instructions
    instr_y = H/2 - 68*mm
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK)
    instr = "How to use:"
    c.drawString(W/2 - c.stringWidth(instr, "Helvetica-Bold", 9)/2, instr_y, instr)

    instructions = [
        "1. Cut along the dashed lines to separate each flashcard",
        "2. Use for self-testing: cover the answer strip (bottom)",
        "3. Group quiz: one person reads Q, others answer",
        "4. GREEN correct answers + explanation on each card",
    ]
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    for i, ins in enumerate(instructions):
        ins_x = W/2 - c.stringWidth(ins, "Helvetica", 8)/2
        c.drawString(ins_x, instr_y - (i+1)*10, ins)

    # Footer (bottom band)
    c.setFillColor(WHITE)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10)
    footer = "Cut along dashed lines  |  Use for group quiz / self-test"
    fw = c.stringWidth(footer, "Helvetica-Bold", 10)
    c.drawString((W - fw)/2, 18*mm, footer)
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    date_txt = "July 2026"
    dw = c.stringWidth(date_txt, "Helvetica", 8)
    c.drawString((W - dw)/2, 10*mm, date_txt)

    c.restoreState()
    c.showPage()


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  MAIN PDF GENERATION
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
OUTPUT_PATH = '/tmp/workspace/FMT_PSM_Flashcards.pdf'

c = canvas.Canvas(OUTPUT_PATH, pagesize=A4)
c.setTitle("FMT & PSM MCQ Flashcards - 3rd Year MBBS")
c.setAuthor("MBBS Study Material")
c.setSubject("Forensic Medicine, Toxicology, Preventive & Social Medicine")

# ── Title page ──
draw_title_page(c)

# ── Build all MCQ cards (with subject prefix for global numbering) ──
all_mcqs = []
for m in fmt_mcqs:
    all_mcqs.append(m)
for m in psm_mcqs:
    all_mcqs.append(m)

# Paginate: 6 cards per page
total = len(all_mcqs)
pages_needed = (total + CARDS_PER_PAGE - 1) // CARDS_PER_PAGE

print(f"Generating {total} flashcards across {pages_needed} pages...")

global_num = 1
for page_idx in range(pages_needed):
    start = page_idx * CARDS_PER_PAGE
    end   = min(start + CARDS_PER_PAGE, total)
    cards = all_mcqs[start:end]

    # Optional: section header if switching from FMT to PSM on this page
    # (Draw cards)
    for card_pos, mcq in enumerate(cards):
        row = card_pos // COLS
        col = card_pos % COLS

        # card_x, card_y = bottom-left corner
        card_x = MARGIN + col * CARD_W
        card_y = H - MARGIN - (row + 1) * CARD_H

        draw_card(c, mcq, card_x, card_y, global_num)
        global_num += 1

    c.showPage()

c.save()

# ── Verify ──
from pypdf import PdfReader
reader = PdfReader(OUTPUT_PATH)
file_size = os.path.getsize(OUTPUT_PATH)
print(f"\n{'='*50}")
print(f"PDF saved: {OUTPUT_PATH}")
print(f"File size: {file_size/1024:.1f} KB")
print(f"Total pages: {len(reader.pages)}  (1 title + {len(reader.pages)-1} card pages)")
print(f"Flashcards generated: {total}")
print(f"{'='*50}")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
FMT & PSM One-Liner Flashcard PDF Generator
120 flashcards (60 FMT + 60 PSM), 4 per page, landscape A4
"""

import os
import textwrap
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import landscape, A4, portrait
from reportlab.lib.units import mm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.colors import Color
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont

os.makedirs('/tmp/workspace', exist_ok=True)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  FLASHCARD DATA
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

fmt_cards = [
    # Topic 1 – Death & Postmortem Changes
    {"num": 1,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Rigor mortis appears first in which muscle?",
     "a": "Masseter (jaw muscle)",
     "tip": "Nysten's law: jaw → neck → trunk → limbs"},
    {"num": 2,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Duration of rigor mortis?",
     "a": "24–48 hours in temperate climate",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 3,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Livor mortis (lividity) becomes fixed by?",
     "a": "6–8 hours after death",
     "tip": "Fixed = does not shift with change in position"},
    {"num": 4,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Putrefaction starts first in which organ?",
     "a": "Stomach (digestive enzymes + gut bacteria)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 5,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Adipocere formation requires?",
     "a": "Moist, warm environment (saponification of body fat)",
     "tip": "Soap-like, waxy transformation"},
    {"num": 6,  "topic": "Death & PM Changes",
     "q": "Mummification occurs in?",
     "a": "Hot, dry climate (desiccation/drying of body)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 2 – Postmortem Changes 2
    {"num": 7,  "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Post-mortem caloricity is seen in?",
     "a": "Tetanus, strychnine poisoning, cholera",
     "tip": "Sustained muscle contraction → heat after death"},
    {"num": 8,  "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Suspended animation is a type of?",
     "a": "Apparent death (body mimics death but alive)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 9,  "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Algor mortis: rate of body cooling?",
     "a": "~1°C per hour (after initial 2-hour lag)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 10, "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Order of putrefaction color change?",
     "a": "Green (abdomen first) → spreads to rest of body",
     "tip": "Starts at iliac fossa (cecum)"},
    {"num": 11, "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Marbling in putrefaction is due to?",
     "a": "Gas in superficial blood vessels (outlines veins on skin)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 12, "topic": "PM Changes 2",
     "q": "Most reliable early sign for time of death?",
     "a": "Rigor mortis + livor mortis combined",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 3 – Wounds
    {"num": 13, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "Characteristic feature of incised wound?",
     "a": "Clean-cut edges; length > depth; no tissue bridges",
     "tip": "Lacerated = ragged edges + tissue bridging"},
    {"num": 14, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "Lacerated wound characteristics?",
     "a": "Ragged/irregular margins, tissue bridges, abraded edges",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 15, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "Defense wounds are found on?",
     "a": "Dorsum of forearms/hands (victim shields face/body)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 16, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "'Tailing' in an incised wound indicates?",
     "a": "Termination/end of the wound stroke",
     "tip": "Entry = deep & blunt; Exit = shallow & tapered"},
    {"num": 17, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "Contact firearm wound characteristics?",
     "a": "Muzzle imprint, cruciform tear, soot inside wound cavity",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 18, "topic": "Wounds",
     "q": "Entry vs exit gunshot wound?",
     "a": "Entry = small, punched-out, inverted edges; Exit = large, everted, irregular",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 4 – Asphyxia
    {"num": 19, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Classic triad of asphyxia?",
     "a": "Petechial hemorrhages + cyanosis + visceral congestion",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 20, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Diatom test is performed in?",
     "a": "Drowning cases (diatoms detected in bone marrow/viscera)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 21, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Rope mark in hanging – direction?",
     "a": "Oblique, non-continuous, above thyroid cartilage",
     "tip": "Strangulation = horizontal, continuous, below thyroid"},
    {"num": 22, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Hyoid bone fracture most common in?",
     "a": "Manual strangulation (throttling)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 23, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Café coronary is?",
     "a": "Sudden death from bolus food blocking airway (not cardiac)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 24, "topic": "Asphyxia",
     "q": "Paltauf's hemorrhages are seen in?",
     "a": "Lungs of drowning victims (subpleural hemorrhages)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 5 – Sexual Offences
    {"num": 25, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Age of consent under POCSO Act?",
     "a": "18 years",
     "tip": "POCSO = Protection of Children from Sexual Offences"},
    {"num": 26, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Florence test detects?",
     "a": "Choline in seminal stains (iodine reaction → brown crystals)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 27, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Two-finger test in rape – current status in India?",
     "a": "Banned by Supreme Court of India",
     "tip": "Violates dignity and is unscientific"},
    {"num": 28, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Acid phosphatase test is used for?",
     "a": "Identification of seminal stains",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 29, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Statutory rape means?",
     "a": "Sexual intercourse with girl <18 years (consent irrelevant)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 30, "topic": "Sexual Offences",
     "q": "Hydrostatic test (docimasia pulmonaris) – purpose?",
     "a": "Determines if neonate breathed after birth (lungs float = breathed)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 6 – Age Estimation
    {"num": 31, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "Gustafson's method estimates age from?",
     "a": "Teeth (6 criteria: attrition, secondary dentin, root resorption, etc.)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 32, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "Last permanent tooth to erupt?",
     "a": "Third molar (wisdom tooth) – 17–25 years",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 33, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "Medial end of clavicle fuses at?",
     "a": "21–25 years (last epiphysis to fuse in body)",
     "tip": "Medically & legally important"},
    {"num": 34, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "Neonatal line (line of birth) seen in?",
     "a": "Both enamel and dentin of deciduous (primary) teeth",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 35, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "Suchey-Brooks method estimates age from?",
     "a": "Pubic symphysis morphology (phases I–VI)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 36, "topic": "Age Estimation",
     "q": "First deciduous tooth erupts at?",
     "a": "~6 months (lower central incisor)",
     "tip": "All 20 deciduous teeth by ~2.5 years"},

    # Topic 7 – Identification
    {"num": 37, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "Most common fingerprint pattern?",
     "a": "Loop (~65% of population)",
     "tip": "Loop > Whorl > Arch"},
    {"num": 38, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "Superimposition technique used for?",
     "a": "Skull-to-photo identification (unknown skull vs. known photograph)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 39, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "Locard's exchange principle?",
     "a": "\"Every contact leaves a trace\" – foundation of forensic science",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 40, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "DNA profiling uses?",
     "a": "VNTRs / STRs (short tandem repeats)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 41, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "Galton's details refer to?",
     "a": "Fingerprint minutiae (ridge endings and bifurcations)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 42, "topic": "Identification",
     "q": "Bertillon system of identification uses?",
     "a": "Anthropometric body measurements (now replaced by fingerprints)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 8 – Medical Jurisprudence
    {"num": 43, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "Dying declaration is admissible under?",
     "a": "Section 32, Indian Evidence Act",
     "tip": "Doctor's presence not mandatory"},
    {"num": 44, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "Informed consent requires?",
     "a": "Understanding of procedure, risks, alternatives + voluntary consent",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 45, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "NMC replaced which body in 2020?",
     "a": "MCI (Medical Council of India)",
     "tip": "NMC = National Medical Commission"},
    {"num": 46, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "Privileged communication means?",
     "a": "Doctor cannot disclose patient info without consent",
     "tip": "Exceptions: court order, public safety"},
    {"num": 47, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "Therapeutic privilege means?",
     "a": "Withholding info from patient if disclosure would cause harm",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 48, "topic": "Medical Jurisprudence",
     "q": "Age of majority for valid medical consent in India?",
     "a": "18 years",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 9 – Toxicology
    {"num": 49, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "LD50 definition?",
     "a": "Dose lethal to 50% of test animals (measure of acute toxicity)",
     "tip": "Lower LD50 = more toxic"},
    {"num": 50, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "Antidote for organophosphorus (OP) poisoning?",
     "a": "Atropine + PAM (Pralidoxime)",
     "tip": "Atropine: blocks muscarinic; PAM: reactivates AChE"},
    {"num": 51, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "Carbolic acid (phenol) – urine color?",
     "a": "Dark brown / black (carboluria)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 52, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "Cherry-red color of blood is seen in?",
     "a": "CO poisoning AND cyanide poisoning",
     "tip": "CO = COHb; Cyanide = oxyHb (unused O2)"},
    {"num": 53, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "Mees' lines (white transverse bands on nails)?",
     "a": "Arsenic or thallium poisoning",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 54, "topic": "Toxicology",
     "q": "Wrist drop – classic sign of which poisoning?",
     "a": "Lead poisoning (radial nerve palsy)",
     "tip": "Also: blue line on gums (Burton's line)"},

    # Topic 10 – Common Poisons + Infanticide
    {"num": 55, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "Antidote for morphine / opioid overdose?",
     "a": "Naloxone (competitive opioid antagonist)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 56, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "Blood alcohol limit for drunken driving in India?",
     "a": "30 mg / 100 ml blood",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 57, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "Acrodynia (pink disease) is caused by?",
     "a": "Mercury poisoning",
     "tip": "Pink extremities, painful, peeling skin"},
    {"num": 58, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "Russell's viper bite – primary effect?",
     "a": "Coagulopathy + cytotoxicity (DIC, local tissue destruction)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 59, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "Gravido uterus sign seen in?",
     "a": "Dead pregnant woman (uterus floats in water)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 60, "topic": "Poisons & Infanticide",
     "q": "MTP Act 2021 – gestation limit with one doctor?",
     "a": "Up to 20 weeks",
     "tip": "Two doctors required for 20–24 weeks"},
]

psm_cards = [
    # Topic 1 – Epidemiology
    {"num": 1,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Incidence vs Prevalence – key difference?",
     "a": "Incidence = NEW cases; Prevalence = ALL existing cases",
     "tip": "Prevalence ≈ Incidence × Duration"},
    {"num": 2,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Relative Risk (RR) = 1 means?",
     "a": "No association between exposure and disease",
     "tip": "RR >1 = risk; RR <1 = protective"},
    {"num": 3,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Gold standard for establishing causality?",
     "a": "Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 4,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Herd immunity threshold for measles (R0 = 15)?",
     "a": "~93–95% of population must be immune",
     "tip": "HIT = 1 – 1/R0"},
    {"num": 5,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Odds Ratio is the measure used in?",
     "a": "Case-control study (RR cannot be calculated directly)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 6,  "topic": "Epidemiology",
     "q": "Berkson's bias is a type of?",
     "a": "Selection bias (in hospital-based case-control studies)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 2 – Biostatistics
    {"num": 7,  "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "% values within ±1 SD in normal distribution?",
     "a": "68%",
     "tip": "1SD=68%; 2SD=95%; 3SD=99.7%"},
    {"num": 8,  "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "p-value <0.05 means?",
     "a": "Result is statistically significant (not due to chance)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 9,  "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "Sensitivity formula?",
     "a": "TP / (TP + FN) × 100  [True Positive Rate]",
     "tip": "High sensitivity → good SCREENING test"},
    {"num": 10, "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "NNT (Number Needed to Treat) formula?",
     "a": "1 / ARR  (ARR = Absolute Risk Reduction)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 11, "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "When is median preferred over mean?",
     "a": "In skewed distributions (outliers distort mean)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 12, "topic": "Biostatistics",
     "q": "Chi-square test is used for?",
     "a": "Comparing proportions / categorical data",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 3 – Communicable Diseases
    {"num": 13, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "R0 (basic reproduction number) means?",
     "a": "Secondary cases from 1 case in fully susceptible population",
     "tip": "R0 >1 = epidemic spreads"},
    {"num": 14, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "Fomites are?",
     "a": "Inanimate objects that carry & transmit infection (bedding, utensils)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 15, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "Zoonosis definition?",
     "a": "Infections naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans",
     "tip": "Eg: Rabies, plague, brucellosis"},
    {"num": 16, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "Incubation period of cholera?",
     "a": "Few hours to 5 days (typically 1–3 days)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 17, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "Quarantine period for plague?",
     "a": "6 days",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 18, "topic": "Communicable Diseases",
     "q": "Vehicle transmission example?",
     "a": "Contaminated water/food transmitting cholera, typhoid",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 4 – Immunization
    {"num": 19, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "BCG vaccine is given at?",
     "a": "At birth (as soon as possible after birth)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 20, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "OPV is contraindicated in?",
     "a": "Immunocompromised children (risk of VAPP)",
     "tip": "VAPP = Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Polio"},
    {"num": 21, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "Cold chain temperature for vaccines?",
     "a": "+2°C to +8°C",
     "tip": "OPV stored at -20°C"},
    {"num": 22, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "Which vaccine can cause VAPP?",
     "a": "OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) – live attenuated",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 23, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "Adjuvant used in DPT vaccine?",
     "a": "Aluminium hydroxide (alum)",
     "tip": "Enhances immune response"},
    {"num": 24, "topic": "Immunization",
     "q": "Eradication vs Elimination vs Control?",
     "a": "Eradication=worldwide zero; Elimination=zero in region; Control=acceptable level",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 5 – Nutrition
    {"num": 25, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus – key difference?",
     "a": "Kwashiorkor = protein deficiency (edema); Marasmus = total calorie deficiency (wasting)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 26, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "Night blindness is due to deficiency of?",
     "a": "Vitamin A (retinol)",
     "tip": "Bitot's spots → xerophthalmia → keratomalacia"},
    {"num": 27, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "Scurvy characteristic sign?",
     "a": "Perifollicular hemorrhages, bleeding gums (Vitamin C deficiency)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 28, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "MUAC cutoff for SAM in children?",
     "a": "<11.5 cm (Severe Acute Malnutrition)",
     "tip": "11.5–12.5 = MAM (Moderate)"},
    {"num": 29, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "Pellagra is due to deficiency of?",
     "a": "Niacin (Vitamin B3)",
     "tip": "4 Ds: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death"},
    {"num": 30, "topic": "Nutrition",
     "q": "Goiter and cretinism caused by deficiency of?",
     "a": "Iodine",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 6 – MCH
    {"num": 31, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "Maximum APGAR score?",
     "a": "10 (scored at 1 and 5 minutes)",
     "tip": "A-P-G-A-R: Appearance-Pulse-Grimace-Activity-Respiration"},
    {"num": 32, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "Normal birth weight?",
     "a": "≥ 2500 grams",
     "tip": "LBW = <2500 g"},
    {"num": 33, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "WHO recommended ANC contacts (2016 guidelines)?",
     "a": "8 contacts (minimum)",
     "tip": "Previous recommendation was 4 visits"},
    {"num": 34, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "LBW (Low Birth Weight) definition?",
     "a": "Birth weight < 2500 g regardless of gestational age",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 35, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "IUGR defined as birth weight below?",
     "a": "10th centile for gestational age",
     "tip": "IUGR ≠ prematurity"},
    {"num": 36, "topic": "MCH",
     "q": "Road to Health card is used for?",
     "a": "Growth monitoring of children (weight-for-age chart)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 7 – National Health Programs
    {"num": 37, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "DOTS stands for?",
     "a": "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (for TB)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 38, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "NTEP replaced which programme?",
     "a": "RNTCP (Revised National TB Control Programme)",
     "tip": "NTEP = National TB Elimination Programme"},
    {"num": 39, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "HIV window period?",
     "a": "4–12 weeks (average ~3 months)",
     "tip": "Test may be negative during window"},
    {"num": 40, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "JSY promotes?",
     "a": "Institutional delivery",
     "tip": "JSY = Janani Suraksha Yojana"},
    {"num": 41, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "RBSK covers which age group?",
     "a": "0–18 years (screens for 4Ds)",
     "tip": "4Ds: Defects, Deficiencies, Diseases, Dev. delays"},
    {"num": 42, "topic": "NHP",
     "q": "Vector of malaria?",
     "a": "Female Anopheles mosquito",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 8 – Water & Sanitation
    {"num": 43, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "Permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water?",
     "a": "1.5 mg/L (WHO / BIS standard)",
     "tip": ">1.5 = dental/skeletal fluorosis"},
    {"num": 44, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "Schmutzdecke layer is associated with?",
     "a": "Slow sand filter (biological film; removes 99% bacteria)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 45, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "Residual chlorine in treated drinking water?",
     "a": "0.2–0.5 ppm (mg/L)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 46, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "BOD measures?",
     "a": "Organic pollution in water (O2 needed to oxidize organic matter)",
     "tip": "Higher BOD = more polluted"},
    {"num": 47, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "Primary treatment of sewage removes?",
     "a": "Settable suspended solids (physical / mechanical process)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 48, "topic": "Water & Sanitation",
     "q": "Breakpoint chlorination means?",
     "a": "Adding chlorine beyond demand to ensure free residual chlorine",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 9 – Occupational Health
    {"num": 49, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "Silicosis is caused by?",
     "a": "Free crystalline silica dust (quartz)",
     "tip": "Occupation: miners, sandblasters, potters"},
    {"num": 50, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "Mesothelioma is associated with?",
     "a": "Asbestos exposure",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 51, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "Byssinosis – causative dust?",
     "a": "Cotton dust",
     "tip": "Monday morning fever (worse after weekend rest)"},
    {"num": 52, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "TLV for CO in workplace?",
     "a": "50 ppm (ACGIH threshold limit value)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 53, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "Caisson disease (decompression sickness) cause?",
     "a": "Rapid decompression → N₂ bubbles in blood",
     "tip": "Also called 'the bends'"},
    {"num": 54, "topic": "Occupational Health",
     "q": "Occupational disease of potters / stone cutters?",
     "a": "Silicosis (inhaled silica dust)",
     "tip": ""},

    # Topic 10 – Health Planning
    {"num": 55, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "Alma Ata Declaration (1978) theme?",
     "a": "\"Health for All by 2000\" through Primary Health Care",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 56, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "Bhore Committee (1946) recommended?",
     "a": "3-tier healthcare system in India",
     "tip": "Foundation of India's public health structure"},
    {"num": 57, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "IMR formula?",
     "a": "Deaths under 1 year / 1000 live births in same year",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 58, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "DALY = ?",
     "a": "YLL + YLD (Years of Life Lost + Years Lived with Disability)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 59, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "PHC covers population of?",
     "a": "30,000 (plains) / 20,000 (hilly/tribal areas)",
     "tip": ""},
    {"num": 60, "topic": "Health Planning",
     "q": "HDI components?",
     "a": "Health (life expectancy) + Education (literacy) + Income (GNI/capita)",
     "tip": ""},
]

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  CONSTANTS & COLORS
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

FMT_COLOR     = Color(160/255, 30/255, 30/255)   # dark red
PSM_COLOR     = Color(0/255, 100/255, 100/255)    # dark teal
WHITE_COLOR   = colors.white
BLACK_COLOR   = colors.black
GRAY_COLOR    = Color(0.45, 0.45, 0.45)
LIGHT_GRAY    = Color(0.82, 0.82, 0.82)
BG_COLOR      = colors.white

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  PAGE SETUP
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

PW, PH   = landscape(A4)          # 841.89 × 595.28 pt
MARGIN   = 10 * mm
GAP      = 5  * mm
COLS, ROWS = 2, 2
CARD_W   = (PW - 2*MARGIN - GAP) / COLS
CARD_H   = (PH - 2*MARGIN - GAP) / ROWS

OUTPUT   = '/tmp/workspace/FMT_PSM_OneLiners_Flashcards.pdf'

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  HELPER: draw one card
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

def draw_card(c, x, y, subject, card, color):
    """Draw a single flashcard at position (x,y) – bottom-left corner."""
    cw, ch = CARD_W, CARD_H

    # ── dashed border ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    c.saveState()
    c.setDash(4, 3)
    c.setLineWidth(0.7)
    c.setStrokeColor(GRAY_COLOR)
    c.rect(x, y, cw, ch, stroke=1, fill=0)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── scissors icons at corners ──────────────────────────────────
    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 7)
    c.setFillColor(GRAY_COLOR)
    sc = "✂"
    c.drawString(x + 1.5*mm, y + ch - 4*mm, sc)
    c.drawString(x + cw - 5*mm, y + ch - 4*mm, sc)
    c.drawString(x + 1.5*mm, y + 1*mm, sc)
    c.drawString(x + cw - 5*mm, y + 1*mm, sc)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── header bar ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    HDR_H = 8 * mm
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(color)
    c.rect(x, y + ch - HDR_H, cw, HDR_H, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(WHITE_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 6.5)
    tag = f"[{subject}]  #{card['num']:02d}"
    topic_str = f"Topic: {card['topic']}"
    c.drawString(x + 3*mm, y + ch - HDR_H + 2.5*mm, tag)
    # right-align topic
    c.drawRightString(x + cw - 3*mm, y + ch - HDR_H + 2.5*mm, topic_str)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── question area (top half below header) ──────────────────────
    Q_TOP    = y + ch - HDR_H
    Q_BOTTOM = y + ch / 2
    Q_H      = Q_TOP - Q_BOTTOM

    PADDING  = 3 * mm
    Q_LABEL_H = 5 * mm

    # "Q:" label
    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5)
    c.setFillColor(GRAY_COLOR)
    c.drawString(x + PADDING, Q_BOTTOM + Q_H - Q_LABEL_H - 1*mm, "Q:")
    c.restoreState()

    # question text (bold)
    q_text = card['q']
    q_font_size = 9.5
    avail_w = cw - 2*PADDING - 8*mm      # leave room for Q: label
    char_per_line = max(1, int(avail_w / (q_font_size * 0.52)))
    lines = textwrap.wrap(q_text, width=char_per_line)

    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", q_font_size)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK_COLOR)
    line_h = q_font_size * 1.35
    q_start_y = Q_BOTTOM + Q_H - Q_LABEL_H - 1*mm
    for i, line in enumerate(lines[:3]):   # max 3 lines
        c.drawString(x + PADDING + 8*mm, q_start_y - i*line_h, line)
    c.restoreState()

    # ── horizontal divider ─────────────────────────────────────────
    c.saveState()
    c.setLineWidth(1.0)
    c.setStrokeColor(LIGHT_GRAY)
    c.line(x + 4*mm, y + ch/2, x + cw - 4*mm, y + ch/2)
    # fold label
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Oblique", 5.5)
    c.setFillColor(LIGHT_GRAY)
    c.drawCentredString(x + cw/2, y + ch/2 + 0.8*mm, "── fold here ──")
    c.restoreState()

    # ── answer area (bottom half) ──────────────────────────────────
    A_TOP    = y + ch / 2
    A_BOTTOM = y

    # "✓ A:" label
    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5)
    c.setFillColor(color)
    c.drawString(x + PADDING, A_TOP - Q_LABEL_H - 0.5*mm, "✓ A:")
    c.restoreState()

    # answer text
    a_text = card['a']
    a_font_size = 9.5
    char_per_line_a = max(1, int(avail_w / (a_font_size * 0.52)))
    a_lines = textwrap.wrap(a_text, width=char_per_line_a)

    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", a_font_size)
    c.setFillColor(color)
    a_start_y = A_TOP - Q_LABEL_H - 0.5*mm
    for i, line in enumerate(a_lines[:2]):
        c.drawString(x + PADDING + 10*mm, a_start_y - i * (a_font_size * 1.35), line)
    c.restoreState()

    # memory tip (italic gray)
    tip = card.get('tip', '')
    if tip:
        tip_font = 7.5
        char_per_tip = max(1, int((cw - 2*PADDING) / (tip_font * 0.52)))
        tip_lines = textwrap.wrap(tip, width=char_per_tip)
        tip_y = a_start_y - len(a_lines[:2]) * (a_font_size * 1.35) - 2*mm
        c.saveState()
        c.setFont("Helvetica-Oblique", tip_font)
        c.setFillColor(GRAY_COLOR)
        for i, tl in enumerate(tip_lines[:2]):
            c.drawString(x + PADDING, tip_y - i*(tip_font*1.35), tl)
        c.restoreState()


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  TITLE PAGE (portrait A4)
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

def draw_title_page(c):
    TW, TH = portrait(A4)
    c.setPageSize(portrait(A4))

    # background stripe top
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(FMT_COLOR)
    c.rect(0, TH - 70*mm, TW, 70*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.restoreState()

    # background stripe bottom
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(PSM_COLOR)
    c.rect(0, 0, TW, 50*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.restoreState()

    # Main title
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 34)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, TH - 30*mm, "FMT & PSM FLASHCARDS")
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 15)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, TH - 44*mm, "One-Liner Q&A  |  Rapid Recall Format")
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 12)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, TH - 55*mm, "60 FMT Cards  +  60 PSM Cards  =  120 Total")
    c.restoreState()

    # Card count bubbles
    mid_y = TH - 70*mm - 30*mm
    # FMT bubble
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(FMT_COLOR)
    c.circle(TW/4, mid_y, 22*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(WHITE_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 20)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/4, mid_y + 5*mm, "60")
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/4, mid_y - 6*mm, "FMT CARDS")
    c.restoreState()

    # PSM bubble
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(PSM_COLOR)
    c.circle(3*TW/4, mid_y, 22*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(WHITE_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 20)
    c.drawCentredString(3*TW/4, mid_y + 5*mm, "60")
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9)
    c.drawCentredString(3*TW/4, mid_y - 6*mm, "PSM CARDS")
    c.restoreState()

    # Instructions box
    box_y = TH - 70*mm - 70*mm
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(Color(0.97, 0.97, 0.97))
    c.setStrokeColor(LIGHT_GRAY)
    c.setLineWidth(0.8)
    c.roundRect(25*mm, box_y - 50*mm, TW - 50*mm, 48*mm, 4*mm, stroke=1, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, box_y - 8*mm, "📋  HOW TO USE THESE CARDS")
    instructions = [
        "1.  Print on A4 paper (landscape, 4 cards/page)",
        "2.  Cut along the dashed border ✂",
        "3.  Fold each card along the gray midline",
        "4.  FRONT (top half) = Question  |  BACK (bottom half) = Answer",
        "5.  Quiz each other in your group study session!",
    ]
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 9.5)
    for i, ins in enumerate(instructions):
        c.drawString(35*mm, box_y - 18*mm - i * 6*mm, ins)
    c.restoreState()

    # Color legend
    legend_y = box_y - 60*mm
    c.saveState()
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK_COLOR)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, legend_y, "COLOR LEGEND")
    c.setFillColor(FMT_COLOR)
    c.rect(TW/2 - 55*mm, legend_y - 10*mm, 15*mm, 6*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica", 9)
    c.drawString(TW/2 - 37*mm, legend_y - 8*mm, "Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (FMT)")
    c.setFillColor(PSM_COLOR)
    c.rect(TW/2 - 55*mm, legend_y - 20*mm, 15*mm, 6*mm, stroke=0, fill=1)
    c.setFillColor(BLACK_COLOR)
    c.drawString(TW/2 - 37*mm, legend_y - 18*mm, "Preventive & Social Medicine (PSM)")
    c.restoreState()

    # footer
    c.saveState()
    c.setFillColor(WHITE_COLOR)
    c.setFont("Helvetica-Oblique", 9)
    c.drawCentredString(TW/2, 20*mm, "3rd Year MBBS  |  Group Study Edition  |  120 High-Yield One-Liners")
    c.restoreState()


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  MAIN – BUILD PDF
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

def build_pdf():
    c = canvas.Canvas(OUTPUT)

    # ── Title page ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    draw_title_page(c)
    c.showPage()

    # ── switch to landscape for flashcard pages ─────────────────
    c.setPageSize(landscape(A4))

    # combine all cards: tag each with subject + color
    all_cards = []
    for card in fmt_cards:
        all_cards.append(('FMT', card, FMT_COLOR))
    for card in psm_cards:
        all_cards.append(('PSM', card, PSM_COLOR))

    CARDS_PER_PAGE = COLS * ROWS   # 4

    for page_idx in range(0, len(all_cards), CARDS_PER_PAGE):
        page_cards = all_cards[page_idx: page_idx + CARDS_PER_PAGE]

        for slot_idx, (subj, card, color) in enumerate(page_cards):
            col = slot_idx % COLS
            row = slot_idx // COLS    # 0 = top row, 1 = bottom row

            # row=0 → top half; row=1 → bottom half
            x = MARGIN + col * (CARD_W + GAP)
            y = PH - MARGIN - (row + 1) * CARD_H - row * GAP

            draw_card(c, x, y, subj, card, color)

        c.showPage()

    c.save()
    print(f"[✓] PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    build_pdf()

    # ── Verify ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    import os
    from pypdf import PdfReader

    size_kb = os.path.getsize(OUTPUT) / 1024
    reader  = PdfReader(OUTPUT)
    pages   = len(reader.pages)

    print(f"[✓] File size : {size_kb:.1f} KB")
    print(f"[✓] Page count: {pages} pages")
    print(f"[✓] Flashcards: {len(fmt_cards)} FMT + {len(psm_cards)} PSM = {len(fmt_cards)+len(psm_cards)} total")
    print(f"[✓] Content pages (landscape): {pages - 1}")
    print(f"[✓] Cards per page: 4  →  {(pages-1)*4} card slots across {pages-1} pages")