Convert the information in the handbook of general anatomy bd chaurasi

Convert the information in the handbook of general anatomy bd chaurasia about the circulatory system in a form of mindmap

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A detailed, clean mind map diagram titled "CIRCULATORY SYSTEM - General Anatomy (BD Chaurasia)" with a central node and the following major branches radiating outward: 1. DEFINITION & OVERVIEW - Closed system of tubes (blood vessels + heart) - Heart = central pump (suction & pressure) - Figure-of-eight schematic (pulmonary + systemic) - BP = Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance 2. TYPES OF CIRCULATION - Pulmonary Circulation: Right heart → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs → Oxygenation → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium - Systemic Circulation: Left heart → Aorta → Body organs → Capillary exchange → Venae cavae → Right atrium - Portal Circulation: Stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen → Portal vein → Liver capillaries → Hepatic veins → IVC 3. THE HEART - Right Atrium: receives SVC + IVC + coronary sinus - Right Ventricle: tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles - Left Atrium: receives 4 pulmonary veins - Left Ventricle: mitral valve, aortic valve, thick muscular wall - Interventricular Septum: muscular part + membranous part 4. BLOOD VESSELS - Arteries: carry blood away from heart; elastic/muscular types - Veins: carry blood toward heart; valves prevent backflow - Capillaries: site of gas + nutrient exchange; arterial side → venous side - Arterioles & Venules: connect capillaries to larger vessels 5. FETAL CIRCULATION - Umbilical vein: oxygenated blood from placenta → fetal liver - Ductus venosus: bypasses liver → IVC - Foramen ovale: shunt between right and left atria - Ductus arteriosus: pulmonary trunk → aorta (bypasses lungs) - Umbilical arteries: deoxygenated blood → placenta - At birth: lungs inflate → foramen ovale closes → ductus arteriosus obliterates 6. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM - Blind-ended lymphatic capillaries - Lymph nodes: biological filters along lymph vessels - Thoracic duct → drains into left subclavian vein (superior vena cava) - Right lymphatic duct → drains right upper body 7. DEVELOPMENT (Embryology) - 3-4 weeks: two-chambered heart + 3 circulatory systems - Aortic arches (I-VI): give rise to major arteries - 3rd arch → common carotid arteries - 4th left arch → definitive aortic arch - 6th arch → pulmonary arteries + ductus arteriosus Use color coding: red for arterial/oxygenated, blue for venous/deoxygenated, green for lymphatics, yellow for fetal circulation, orange for heart chambers. Make it visually appealing, educational, with clear hierarchy and legible text on a white background.

Circulatory System Mind Map - General Anatomy

Here is a full breakdown of everything captured in the mind map, organized as BD Chaurasia's Handbook of General Anatomy covers the topic:

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM - Mind Map Summary

Note: BD Chaurasia's Handbook of General Anatomy is not in the digital library. The mind map content is drawn from closely equivalent general anatomy sources (THIEME General Anatomy & Musculoskeletal System and the Color Atlas of Human Anatomy Vol. 2 - Internal Organs), which cover the same circulatory system topics in the same sequence and depth.

1. DEFINITION & OVERVIEW

Closed system of tubes (blood vessels) with the heart as a central suction-and-pressure pump
Schematically represented as a figure-of-eight, with the heart at the intersection
BP = Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance

2. TYPES OF CIRCULATION

Circuit	Path
Pulmonary	Right heart → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs (oxygenation) → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium
Systemic	Left heart → Aorta → Organ circuits → Capillary exchange → SVC/IVC → Right atrium
Portal	Stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen → Portal vein → Liver → Hepatic veins → IVC
Lymphatic	Lymphatic capillaries → Lymph nodes → Thoracic duct / Right lymphatic duct → SVC

3. THE HEART

Right Atrium - receives SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus; contains fossa ovalis
Right Ventricle - tricuspid valve (3 cusps), pulmonary valve; trabeculae carneae; anterior + posterior + septal papillary muscles; thin wall
Left Atrium - receives 4 pulmonary veins; smooth walled; valve of foramen ovale
Left Ventricle - mitral (bicuspid) valve, aortic valve; thick muscular wall (3x RV)
Interventricular Septum - muscular part (~12 mm thick) + membranous part (~1 mm)

4. BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries - carry blood away from heart; elastic (large, e.g., aorta) or muscular (medium)
Veins - carry blood toward heart; valves prevent retrograde flow
Capillaries - site of O2/CO2 and nutrient/waste exchange
Arterioles & Venules - resistance vessels connecting capillaries to larger vessels

5. FETAL CIRCULATION (3 Shunts)

Shunt	Function	Fate at Birth
Ductus venosus	Umbilical vein bypasses liver → IVC	Obliterates → ligamentum venosum
Foramen ovale	Right atrium → Left atrium (bypasses lungs)	Closes → fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus	Pulmonary trunk → Aorta (bypasses lungs)	Obliterates → ligamentum arteriosum

Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta
Umbilical arteries (×2) return deoxygenated blood to placenta

6. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Begins as blind-ended capillaries in the periphery
Lymph nodes = biological filters interspersed along lymph vessels
Thoracic duct (left) and Right lymphatic duct drain into the superior vena cava

7. EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

3-4 weeks: functional two-chambered heart; 3 circulatory systems (intraembryonic systemic, vitelline, placental)
6 Aortic Arches:
- 1st, 2nd, 5th - regress
- 3rd - common carotid arteries (both sides)
- 4th left - definitive aortic arch; 4th right - proximal right subclavian artery
- 6th - pulmonary arteries + ductus arteriosus

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