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Make it concise as per wbuhs mbbs exam oriented answers

Here are concise, WBUHS exam-oriented answers for all questions from the images:

Social & Behavioural Science and Health - Chapter 2

Q.7. Problems of Industrialisation

Ans:
  1. Environmental sanitation - Slums, overcrowding, lack of sanitation, improper drainage; water pollution (industrial waste), air pollution (toxic fumes), sewage disposal issues.
  2. Communicable diseases - TB, venereal diseases, food/waterborne infections; vector-borne diseases (malaria, filariasis) due to water collection near industries.
  3. Food sanitation problems - Viral hepatitis, typhoid if proper precautions not taken.
  4. Mental health - Altered living conditions, failure of adjustment → mental illness, psychoneuroses, delinquency.
  5. Accidents - Increased due to vehicular traffic congestion and factory accidents.
  6. Social problems - Alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, juvenile delinquency.

Q.8. Social Stress

Ans:
Social stress = feelings of discomfort/anxiety arising from social relationships and environment; tendency to avoid stressful social situations.
Categories of social stressors:
  • Life events - Abrupt, severe changes (e.g., sexual assault, sudden injury)
  • Chronic strains - Persistent events requiring long-term adaptation (e.g., divorce, unemployment)
  • Daily hassles - Minor recurring events (e.g., bad traffic, disagreements)
Health hazards:
  • Mental health: Clinical depression, anxiety disorder
  • Physical health: Increased mortality, cardiovascular, GI, musculoskeletal, neoplastic, pulmonary, renal diseases
  • Long-term: Stroke, heart attack, diabetes, hypertension
  • HIV/AIDS: Accelerates progression; risk factor for genital herpes in HIV+ females

Q.9. Social Mobilisation (WBUHS 2015)

Ans:
Social mobilisation is a process that raises awareness and motivates people to demand change; allows people to organise and act with their own initiative.
Role in public health:
  • Critical in eradication of polio
  • Communities take charge, make informed decisions, reach sustainable solutions
  • Enhances rural poor participation in local governance
  • Cornerstone of participatory approaches in rural development and poverty alleviation
  • Powerful instrument in decentralisation policies for human/institutional resource development

Q.10. Social Defence

Ans:
Collective, organised societal action against antisocial activities that undermine public well-being by polluting the socioeconomic environment.
  • Draws attention of government → leads to formation of legal measures
  • Controls social evils: alcoholism, gambling, prostitution, drug abuse, child abuse, dowry system, casteism, suicide
Legislative measures introduced: Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Child Marriage Restraint Act 1978, Child Labour Act 1986, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954, Consumer Protection Act 1986, Environmental Protection Act 1986, Prostitution and Immoral Traffic Act 1958, etc.

Q.11. Merits of Joint Family

Ans:
Joint family = 2 or more couples, all males related by patrilineal descent.
Merits:
  1. Common property and common purse - pooled income for all expenditures
  2. Division of labour
  3. Preservation of moral values
  4. Social and economic security to old, helpless, and unemployed members
  5. Better child-rearing practices

Q.12. Medical Social Worker (MSW)

Ans:
MSW is an auxiliary medical worker trained in social sciences and medical case work. Works with family/clinic to provide social worker functions:
  1. Assess need for social work services of individual, family, and community
  2. Arrange/provide social work services
  3. Participate in overall planning and evaluation
Significance: Chronic diseases, HIV/AIDS, leprosy, TB, cancer, behavioural problems in children.
Services: Counselling, psychotherapy, rehabilitation, prevention of disease/disability.

Q.13. Dynamics of Behaviour (WBUHS 2024)

Ans:
Dynamics of behaviour = underlying factors that stimulate change in human behaviour (biological, socio-cultural, psychological processes).
Three categories:
  1. Biological dynamics - Genetic makeup, sex differences, physical growth, nutrition
  2. Socio-cultural dynamics - Social norms, values, family structure, educational/economic status, modernisation, urbanisation, cultural traditions
  3. Psychological dynamics - Cognition, perception, emotions, attitudes, memory
90% of population classified into 4 personality types: Optimistic, Pessimistic, Trusting, Envious.

Q.14. Social Marketing (WBUHS 2023)

Ans:
Social marketing = process of changing behaviour and attitudes of the public (target group) to achieve social, economic, political, and business objectives using commercial marketing techniques applied to social problems.
Objectives:
  1. Satisfaction of customer needs
  2. Improvement of quality of life
  3. Long-term policy for customers and society
  4. Freedom from pollution and ecological destruction
FeatureSocial MarketingCommercial Marketing
ProductDesired behaviourTangible products/services
TargetPeople likely to change behaviourPeople likely to purchase
ObjectivePositive societal impactFinancial gain
FundingPublicly fundedPrivately funded
Applications: Family welfare, heart care, organ donation, immunisation, anti-AIDS/smoking campaigns, safe drinking water, wildlife conservation.

Q.15 & Q.20. Customs Do Not Always Have Negative Effect on Health (WBUHS 2016, 2024)

Ans:
  • Customs = repeated practices followed by generations; when habits are socially shared and approved, they become customs.
  • Customs are not always harmful - many have positive health effects.
Good customs (MCH field):
  1. Prolonged breastfeeding
  2. Oil bath and massage to babies
  3. Exposure to sunlight
Bad customs (MCH field):
  1. Delivery by untrained traditional dai
  2. Not putting newborn to breast in first 3 days (colostrum considered harmful)
  3. Giving sugar or honey to newborn's mouth
Conclusion: Customs do not always have a negative effect on health.

Q.16. Family as an Epidemiological Unit (WBUHS 2014)

Ans:
  • Family = members of a household bearing relationship to one another.
  • Community = unit of people with common attributes, rights, interests.
  • Family is the structural unit of a community.
  • For any epidemiological survey, researchers must go to community via its structural unit - the family.
  • Hence, family is considered an epidemiological unit.

Q.17. Family as a Unit of Health (WBUHS 2019)

Ans:
Family is the primary unit of society with health implications:
  • Socially - preserves, protects, propagates traditional practices
  • Biologically - shares common gene pool (blood/marriage)
  • Culturally - reflects culture, determines behaviour and attitudes
  • Economically - pooled income distributed among members
  • Epidemiologically - shares common genetic, nutritional, social, cultural, economic milieu affecting health/disease
  • Operationally - conforms to family medicine and primary health care service requirements

Q.18. Social Security Measures in Preventing Health Problems

Ans:
Social security aims to reduce social sufferings due to: sickness, maternity, injury, unemployment, old age.
Key health-related schemes:
  1. Maternity Benefit Scheme - pregnant/lactating mothers from low-income families
  2. AB-PMJAY (Ayushman Bharat) - BPL families; cashless treatment and hospitalisation
  3. RSBY - BPL families; health insurance Rs. 30,000/family/year
  4. PMJJBY - age 18-50; life cover Rs. 2 lakh for Rs. 436/year premium
  5. ESI Act 1948 - health care benefit to employees and dependants

Q.19. Internship is an Example of Socialisation (WBUHS 2024)

Ans:
  • Socialisation = process by which an individual acquires culture and becomes a member of a social group.
  • Internship allows MBBS students to practice what they learned in class in real-world settings.
  • 1-year internship (as mandated by NMC) exposes students to all major departments.
  • Students internalise social norms, roles, and values of a doctor.
  • Hence, internship is a good example of socialisation.

MCQ Answers (Group C)

QAnswer
1(c) Political science
2(b) Psychology
3(c) Culture
4(c) Income and occupation
5(c) Housing
6(b) Kuppuswamy scale
7(a) Marriage
8(b) Social pathology
9(b) A cultural contact
10(b) Attitudes
11(c) Social structure
12(d) Social medicine
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