Your list is about 20 exam topics across 10 tickets, so I'll map it here and then write each one as a 4-point memory sheet. I haven't checked this against the textbook library, so the overview below comes from my own knowledge.
Topic map (grouped, because many tickets repeat)
A. Early pregnancy
- Miscarriage: all definitions and types, risks, causes, diagnosis, treatment, expectant management
- Ectopic pregnancy, including early bleeding
- Gestational trophoblastic disease
B. Gynaecology and acute pelvic pain
4. Ovarian cyst and cyst rupture
5. Ovarian torsion
6. Gynaecological vs non-gynaecological causes of acute pelvic pain
C. Antepartum bleeding and placenta
7. Placenta previa: diagnosis, management, 2 theories
8. Premature abruption of normally situated placenta: complications and management (Ticket 9)
9. Vasa previa
10. Placenta accreta
11. Localization of the placenta
D. Labour and delivery
12. Uterine rupture
13. Vacuum extraction and forceps (vaginal operative delivery)
14. Caesarean section (Ticket 9)
E. Postpartum
15. Postpartum hemorrhage: definition, classification, risk factors, causes, treatment, and the protocol steps
High-level overview
Early pregnancy. Miscarriage is loss of pregnancy before 22 weeks (WHO uses 20 weeks or under 500 g, so check your department's definition). The types are threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, septic, and recurrent (3 or more losses). The most common cause is fetal chromosomal abnormality. Management is expectant, medical (misoprostol) or surgical (evacuation). Ectopic pregnancy is implantation outside the uterine cavity, usually in the tube. It presents with amenorrhea, pain and spotting, and it is diagnosed with beta-hCG and ultrasound. Treatment is methotrexate, or surgery (salpingectomy or salpingostomy) if the patient is unstable.
Acute pelvic pain. Gynaecological causes are ovarian cyst rupture, torsion, ectopic pregnancy, PID and miscarriage. Non-gynaecological causes are appendicitis, urinary stones or UTI, and bowel causes. Torsion is a surgical emergency, treated with laparoscopic detorsion.
Antepartum bleeding. Previa causes painless bright-red bleeding and is diagnosed by ultrasound. You must not do a vaginal exam. Abruption causes painful bleeding with a hard, tender uterus. Its complications are DIC, hemorrhagic shock, Couvelaire uterus, renal failure and fetal death. Vasa previa is fetal vessels over the cervix. It shows as bleeding with fetal bradycardia after membrane rupture, and it needs a planned caesarean section at 34 to 36 weeks.
Delivery. Vacuum and forceps need a fully dilated cervix, ruptured membranes, an engaged head and an empty bladder. Uterine rupture is more likely with a scarred uterus or obstructed labour. It is treated with laparotomy. Caesarean section needs its indications, technique and complications.
Postpartum hemorrhage. The definition is blood loss of 500 mL or more after vaginal delivery, or 1000 mL or more after caesarean section. The causes follow the 4 Ts: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin. Management is call for help, massage, oxytocin, tranexamic acid, then balloon tamponade, compression sutures and hysterectomy.
I'll pick the order that fits your exam unless you say otherwise. Which block should I write first? You can name a ticket number instead. I suggest C and E first, since PPH, previa, abruption, vasa previa and accreta appear in most of your tickets.
