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Chedana Bhedana Lekhana Vyadhana Eshana Visravana Aharana Seevana Tell me definition in sanskrit

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Ashtavidha Shastra Karma Chedana Bhedana Lekhana Vyadhana Eshana Visravana Aharana Seevana Sanskrit definition Sushruta

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Sushruta Samhita Chedana Bhedana Lekhana Sanskrit shloka definition ashtavidha shastra karma

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Here is a complete presentation of the Ashtavidha Shastra Karma (अष्टविध शस्त्रकर्म) - the eight surgical procedures described by Acharya Sushruta in the Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthana).

अष्टविध शस्त्रकर्म — Ashtavidha Shastra Karma

Eight Fundamental Surgical Procedures

1. छेदन — Chedana (Excision)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 5/3 Tika):
छेद्यं ननिःशेषतश्छेदनीयमशेषि प्रभृतनि ।
Meaning: That which requires complete removal from the body is called Chedana. It is the total excision of a diseased part.
Modern Equivalent: Excision, Amputation, Hemorrhoidectomy, Fistulectomy Shastra used: Mandalagra, Karapatra, Vriddhipatra, Mudrika, Utpalapatra, Ardhadhara

2. भेदन — Bhedana (Incision)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 5/5 Tika):
भेद्यं भेदनीयं, निद्रध्यदनद ।
Meaning: Bhedana means to cut open or create an incision into a cavity to allow drainage of tissue debris, blood, and pus.
Modern Equivalent: Incision and Drainage (I&D), Counter-incision of abscess Shastra used: Vriddhipatra, Nakhashastra, Mudrika, Utpalapatra, Ardhadhara

3. लेखन — Lekhana (Scraping / Debridement)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 5/5 Tika):
लेख्यं लेखनीयं; रोनहण्यदनद ।
Meaning: Lekhana is the scraping or debridement of unhealthy, excessive, or necrotic tissue from a wound or affected area.
Modern Equivalent: Surgical debridement, Curettage Shastra used: Mandalagra, Vriddhipatra Anushastra: Kshara, Gojihva, Sephalika, Nakha

4. व्यधन — Vyadhana (Puncturing)

Sanskrit Definition:
व्यधन - Piercing or puncturing of a diseased part to drain fluid.
(Acharya Sushruta describes Vyadhana in diseases like Vriddhi (hydrocele) and Udara (ascites).)
Meaning: Vyadhana means to puncture or pierce a cavity, cyst, or vessel to release accumulated fluid.
Modern Equivalent: Tapping in Hydrocele or Ascites, Paracentesis, Venepuncture Shastra used: Kutharika, Vrihimukha, Ara, Vetasapatra, Suchi

5. एषण — Eshana (Probing)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 25/10):
एष्य इनत लोहदनदशलदकयदन्द्रिेषणीयद इत्यथं । सु सू २३/१०॥
Meaning: Eshana is the exploration of a wound, sinus, or tract using a slender surgical probe (Eshani) to determine its depth and direction.
Modern Equivalent: Probing of fistula tract, Sinus probing Shastra used: Eshani Anushastra: Kareera, Bala, Anguli Indications: Nadivrana (sinus), Sashalyavrana (wound with foreign body), Unmargivrana

6. आहरण — Aharana (Extraction)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 6/3):
आहदयशम् आहरणीयं, शक शरदनद ।
Meaning: Aharana is the extraction of a foreign body (Shalya), calculus, dental plaque, earwax, or any unwanted material from the body.
Modern Equivalent: Foreign body removal, Lithotripsy extraction, Dental extraction, Polypectomy Shastra used: Badisha, Dantashanku, Nakha, Anguli Indications: Dantamala, Karnamala, Ashmari, Shalya (foreign body), Moodagarbha

7. विस्रवण — Visravana (Drainage / Blood-letting)

Sanskrit Definition (Su.Su. 5/5 Tika):
विस्राव्यं विस्राणीयं, तच्च विद्रधिकुष्ठादि ।
Meaning: Visravana is the drainage of vitiated blood, pus, or fluid from a diseased part. It includes both blood-letting (Raktamokshana) and pus drainage.
Modern Equivalent: Surgical drainage, Abscess drainage, Bloodletting Shastra used: Suchi, Kushapatra, Atimukha, Antarmukha, Trikurchaka Anushastra: Jaloka (leech), Nakha Indications: Five types of Vidradhi (abscess), Sleepada, Arbuda (tumor), Visarpa, Granthi

8. सीवन — Seevana (Suturing)

Sanskrit Definition:
सीवनं — घावों को एक साथ सिलना (Suturing of wound edges together to allow healing)
Meaning: Seevana is the act of suturing or stitching together the edges of a wound to promote healing and restore anatomical continuity.
Modern Equivalent: Wound suturing, Primary closure Shastra used: Suchi (needle) Anushastra: Baala (thread/suture material)

Summary Table

#NameSanskritMeaningModern Equivalent
1ChedanaछेदनExcisionAmputation, Excision
2BhedanaभेदनIncisionIncision & Drainage
3LekhanaलेखनScrapingDebridement, Curettage
4Vyadhanaव्यधनPuncturingParacentesis, Tapping
5EshanaएषणProbingFistula probing
6AharanaआहरणExtractionForeign body removal
7Visravanaविस्रवणDrainageAbscess drainage
8SeevanaसीवनSuturingWound closure
These eight procedures form the complete foundation of Shalya Chikitsa (surgical treatment) in Ayurveda, as described in the Sushruta Samhita (~500 BCE). Acharya Sushruta's classification preceded modern surgical taxonomy by over two millennia, and every one of these procedures has a direct parallel in contemporary surgery. The source reference for this classification is Su.Su. (Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana), Chapter 5.

Very simple ones

Here are the simple Sanskrit definitions for each:

अष्टविध शस्त्रकर्म — Simple Definitions

#NameSimple Sanskrit DefinitionMeaning
1छेदन Chedanaछेदनं नाम — अङ्गस्य निःशेषतः छेदःCutting off a part completely
2भेदन Bhedanaभेदनं नाम — कोष्ठस्य विदारणम्Opening/splitting a cavity
3लेखन Lekhanaलेखनं नाम — दुष्टमांसस्य अपमार्जनम्Scraping away diseased flesh
4व्यधन Vyadhanaव्यधनं नाम — सूच्या देहस्य विध्यनम्Piercing the body with a needle
5एषण Eshanaएषणं नाम — व्रणस्य मार्गस्य अन्वेषणम्Exploring a wound tract with a probe
6विस्रवण Visravanaविस्रवणं नाम — दुष्टरक्तस्य पूयस्य च स्रावणम्Draining out bad blood or pus
7आहरण Aharanaआहरणं नाम — शल्यस्य देहात् बहिः निष्कासनम्Removing a foreign body from the body
8सीवन Seevanaसीवनं नाम — व्रणकिनारयोः सूच्या मिलनम्Stitching the edges of a wound together
One-line summary in Sanskrit:
छेदनं भेदनं लेखनं व्यधनमेषणं विस्रवणमाहरणं सीवनं च — अष्टविधं शस्त्रकर्म । (Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana, Vyadhana, Eshana, Visravana, Aharana, Seevana — these are the eight surgical procedures.)
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