const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");

const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health & Social Care";

// ─── COLOUR PALETTE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const BG       = "0D2137";   // uniform slide background (dark navy – same colour on every slide)
const HEADER   = "0D2137";   // same shade so bg is uniform
const TEAL     = "0E6B78";   // teal accent for header bars
const ORANGE   = "D4652A";   // orange accent
const WHITE    = "FFFFFF";
const LIGHT    = "E8F4F6";   // very light blue-white for content panels
const GREY     = "C8D8E0";   // subtle panel border
const NAVY2    = "16334F";   // slightly lighter navy for cards

// ─── HELPERS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 1 – COVER
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    { text: "MDT", options: { bold: true, fontSize: 22 } },
    { text: "\nTeam · Collaboration\nPatient Care", options: { fontSize: 9, breakLine: false } }
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  // Title
  s.addText("Multidisciplinary\nApproaches in Health\n& Social Care", {
    x: 1.9, y: 0.25, w: 7.7, h: 2.1,
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  s.addText("Undergraduate Certificate in Nursing Studies\nLecturer: Ms Dorianne Cachia | June 2026", {
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  addFooter(s, "Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health & Social Care | Case Scenario 3 – Liam (Type 1 Diabetes)");
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 2 – CASE SCENARIO OVERVIEW (Who is Liam?)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Case Scenario 3 – Who is Liam?", "Patient Overview");

  const rows = [
    ["Age",        "10 years old"],
    ["Diagnosis",  "Newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],
    ["Symptoms",   "Excessive thirst, weight loss, fatigue, frequent urination"],
    ["Concerns",   "Frightened of injections; distressed about insulin discussion"],
    ["Parents",    "Overwhelmed and anxious about home management"],
    ["School",     "Worried about hypoglycaemia at school"],
    ["Activity",   "Plays football – wants to continue sports"]
  ];

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  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 3 – TASK 1 SECTION DIVIDER
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: "0B1E2E" } });
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  s.addText("Questions A – D  |  Case Scenario 3: Liam (Type 1 Diabetes)", {
    x: 0, y: 4.6, w: 10, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 11, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 4 – Question A: Patient-Centred Approach (K&U 2.3; S&E 2.4)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question A – Patient-Centred Approach (K&U 2.3; S&E 2.4)", "Identifying Professionals & Their Roles");

  // Quote
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  s.addText("– World Health Organisation, 2024", {
    x: 0.5, y: 1.66, w: 9.0, h: 0.25, fontSize: 8.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
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    x: 0.3, y: 2.0, w: 9.4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 10, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", bold: true
  });

  // 5 domain boxes
  const domains = [
    { label: "Medical", sub: "Insulin therapy &\nglycaemic control" },
    { label: "Nutritional", sub: "Carb counting &\nmeal planning" },
    { label: "Psychological", sub: "Needle phobia &\nadjustment" },
    { label: "Family", sub: "Parent education\n& support" },
    { label: "Educational", sub: "School safety\n& reintegration" }
  ];
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    x: 0.3, y: 5.05, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 5 – Healthcare Professionals Involved (1 of 2)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question A – Healthcare Professionals Involved (1 of 2)", "Core MDT Members – Liam's Care Team");

  const profs = [
    { num: "1", title: "Paediatric Endocrinologist", desc: "Leads medical management; oversees insulin regimen, HbA1c monitoring, and may introduce pump therapy (Danne et al., 2006)" },
    { num: "2", title: "Diabetes Specialist Nurse (DSN)", desc: "Primary family contact; teaches insulin technique, BG monitoring, hypo management; liaises with school (ISPAD, 2022)" },
    { num: "3", title: "Paediatric Dietitian", desc: "Carbohydrate counting, flexible meal plans around sport & school, preventing hypoglycaemia (Davis, 2017)" },
    { num: "4", title: "Paediatric Psychologist", desc: "CBT for needle phobia; supports family adjustment to lifelong diagnosis, reduces anxiety (Fengsil et al., 2006)" },
    { num: "5", title: "Ward Nurse (Paediatric)", desc: "Holistic daily care; insulin administration; patient advocate; observes clinical changes and escalates (Jennigs & Evans, 2020)" }
  ];

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  });

  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 6 – Healthcare Professionals Involved (2 of 2)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question A – Healthcare Professionals Involved (2 of 2)", "Extended MDT Members – Liam's Care Team");

  const profs = [
    { num: "6",  title: "GP / General Paediatrician", desc: "Continuity post-discharge; manages intercurrent illness; coordinates specialist referrals (ISPAD, 2022)" },
    { num: "7",  title: "Pharmacist", desc: "Safe dispensing of insulin, monitoring supplies, glucagon kits; medication counselling (CDC, 2024)" },
    { num: "8",  title: "Social Worker", desc: "Family coping support; financial assistance for supplies; links to bridges clinic and classroom (ISPAD, 2022)" },
    { num: "9",  title: "School Health Nurse", desc: "Trains school staff on hypo recognition; supervises insulin if required; bridges clinic and classroom (ISPAD, 2022)" },
    { num: "10", title: "Exercise Physiologist", desc: "Insulin & carbohydrate strategies around football; prevents exercise-induced hypoglycaemia (ISPAD, 2022)" }
  ];

  profs.forEach((p, i) => {
    const y = 1.15 + i * 0.82;
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  });

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    x: 0.3, y: 5.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.2, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 7 – Question B: Attributes, Skills & Behaviours for MDT Success (S&E 2.5)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question B – Attributes, Skills & Behaviours for MDT Success (S&E 2.5)", "What does effective teamwork look like?");

  const cols = [
    {
      header: "Communication",
      items: ["Structured, timely, jargon-free – shared records & MDT meetings", "Reduces errors and promotes safety (Pelp et al., 2022)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Role Clarity",
      items: ["Clear scope of practice; no duplication; mutual respect", "(Jennings & Evans, 2020)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Person-Centred Care",
      items: ["Liam & parents as partners in decisions; age-appropriate explanations", "(Nursing Standard, 2021)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Shared Decision-Making",
      items: ["Improves adherence and satisfaction; 'no decision about me without me'", "(Nursing Standard, 2021; Cachia 2021)"]
    }
  ];

  const cols2 = [
    {
      header: "Tuckman's 5 Stages",
      items: ["Forming → Storming → Norming → Performing → Adjourning", "(Tuckman, 1965; Kivunja et al., 2019)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Continuous Learning",
      items: ["Keep up to date with CQR, closed-loop systems & ISPAD guidelines", "(Jennings & Evans, 2020)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Professional Accountability",
      items: ["CNM & WHO Codes; practice within competencies; accurate records; speak up"]
    }
  ];

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    card(s, 0.3 + i * 2.35, 1.15, 2.2, 1.55, c.header, TEAL, c.items, 8.5);
  });
  cols2.forEach((c, i) => {
    card(s, 0.3 + i * 3.15, 2.85, 2.95, 1.5, c.header, ORANGE, c.items, 8.5);
  });

  s.addText("Pelp et al. (2022); Jennings & Evans (2020); Tuckman (1965); Kivunja et al. (2019); Nursing Standard (2021)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 8 – Question C: Benefits of Working in a Team (A&A 1.2)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question C – Benefits of Working in a Team (A&A 1.2)", "Drawing on Relevant Sources");

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.3, y: 1.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.52, fill: { color: NAVY2 }, line: { color: TEAL, width: 1 } });
  s.addText('"Interprofessional collaboration significantly improved chronic disease management outcomes." – Proessl, Saarena & Kuchta, 2021 (Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis)', {
    x: 0.45, y: 1.12, w: 9.1, h: 0.48, fontSize: 9, italic: true, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle"
  });

  const benefits = [
    { title: "Holistic Care", desc: "All of Liam's physical, psychological, social & educational needs addressed together" },
    { title: "Fewer Errors", desc: "Cross-professional checks reduce medical and nursing errors (He et al., 2022)" },
    { title: "Better Glycaemic Control", desc: "MDT education improves HbA1c in children with T1DM (Danne/man, 2006)" },
    { title: "Family Confidence", desc: "Joint consultations improve parental confidence; decreases parental anxiety" },
    { title: "Continuity of Care", desc: "Seamless transition from ward to home and school; reduces readmissions" },
    { title: "Efficient Resources", desc: "Avoids duplication of assessment; optimal use of health service resources (He et al., 2022)" }
  ];

  benefits.forEach((b, i) => {
    const col = i % 3;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 3);
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    const y = 1.72 + row * 1.52;
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  });

  s.addText("Proessl et al. (2021); Suarez et al. (2022); Danne/man (2006); He et al. (2022)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 9 – Question D: Barriers to Working in a Team (A&A 1.2)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question D – Barriers to Working in a Team (A&A 1.2)", "Inhibiting Factors in MDT Practice");

  const barriers = [
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Communication Breakdown", desc: "Poor handovers; jargon; withheld info – leading barrier to teamwork (Elberzhagen et al., 2019)" },
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Professional Hierarchy", desc: "Power imbalances silence nurses & allied health professionals (Suarez et al., 2022)" },
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Professional Tribalism", desc: "Stereotypical attitudes; reluctance to share decision-making (Guare et al., 2022)" },
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Role Ambiguity", desc: "Unclear responsibilities cause duplication or gaps in care" },
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Time & Workload", desc: "Busy wards make regular MDT meetings difficult (British Journal of Nursing, 2022)" },
    { icon: "⚠", title: "Resistance to Change", desc: "Some professionals reluctant to adopt new protocols or technologies" }
  ];

  barriers.forEach((b, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = col === 0 ? 0.3 : 5.2;
    const y = 1.15 + row * 1.35;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x, y, w: 4.65, h: 1.2, fill: { color: NAVY2 }, line: { color: ORANGE, width: 1 } });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x, y, w: 4.65, h: 0.35, fill: { color: ORANGE } });
    s.addText(b.title, { x: x + 0.1, y: y + 0.04, w: 4.45, h: 0.27, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });
    s.addText(b.desc, { x: x + 0.1, y: y + 0.4, w: 4.45, h: 0.76, fontSize: 9, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top" });
  });

  s.addText("Elberzhagen et al. (2019); Suarez et al. (2022); Guare et al. (2022); British Journal of Nursing (2022)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 10 – TASK 2 SECTION DIVIDER
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: "0B1E2E" } });
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 2.0, w: 10, h: 1.6, fill: { color: ORANGE } });
  s.addText("TASK 2", {
    x: 0, y: 2.1, w: 10, h: 0.85,
    fontSize: 42, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", charSpacing: 10
  });
  s.addText("Conflict in the Multidisciplinary Team", {
    x: 0, y: 2.95, w: 10, h: 0.5,
    fontSize: 16, italic: true, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
  s.addText("Questions 1 – 6  |  Conflict Definition, Case Study, Group Dynamics & Resolution Strategies", {
    x: 0, y: 4.6, w: 10, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 11, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 11 – Question 1: Defining Conflict (K&U 4.1)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 1 – Defining Conflict & Why It Occurs (K&U 4.1)", "Understanding conflict in MDT settings");

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.3, y: 1.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.55, fill: { color: NAVY2 }, line: { color: ORANGE, width: 1 } });
  s.addText('"A disagreement in values, goals or actions between parties." – Registered Nurses\' Association of Ontario (RNAO), 2012', {
    x: 0.45, y: 1.12, w: 9.1, h: 0.51, fontSize: 9.5, italic: true, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle"
  });
  s.addText("Conflict is NOT always negative – managed well, it can drive innovation and improvement.", {
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  });

  s.addText("Why Conflict Occurs in MDTs:", {
    x: 0.3, y: 2.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });

  const reasons = [
    "Differences in professional values, priorities and perspectives",
    "Role ambiguity – unclear who is responsible for which tasks",
    "Communication failures: poor handovers, jargon, misunderstandings",
    "Resource scarcity – competition for beds, equipment, funding",
    "Hierarchical power imbalances and personality clashes",
    "Patient/family dissatisfaction creating tension within the team"
  ];

  const bulletItems = reasons.map((r, i) => ({
    text: r,
    options: { bullet: true, breakLine: i < reasons.length - 1, fontSize: 10, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri" }
  }));

  s.addText(bulletItems, {
    x: 0.4, y: 2.45, w: 9.2, h: 2.5, valign: "top"
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  s.addText("RNAO (2012); Compton et al. (2012); Elberzhagen et al. (2019)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 12 – Question 2: Case of Conflict (A&A 4.4)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 2 – Case of Conflict: Paediatric T1DM Discharge Dispute (A&A 4.4)", "A real-world multidisciplinary conflict scenario");

  s.addText("Setting: Paediatric diabetes ward – conflict over discharge readiness of a newly diagnosed child", {
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  });

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    {
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      items: ["Nurse & DSN: parents not yet safe with insulin injection & hypo recognition", "Dietitian had not completed carb-counting education", "Consultant classified nursing concerns as 'unnecessary delay'"]
    },
    {
      header: "HCPs Involved", color: ORANGE, x: 5.05, y: 1.42, w: 4.65, h: 1.72,
      items: ["Paediatric Endocrinologist (Consultant)", "Diabetes Specialist Nurse (DSN)", "Ward Nurse (Band 5)", "Dietitian (Band 6)"]
    },
    {
      header: "Who Was Affected", color: TEAL, x: 0.3, y: 3.22, w: 4.65, h: 1.72,
      items: ["Child & family: discharged unprepared → hypo episode at home (ED attendance)", "Nurse & DSN: moral distress", "Team cohesion: deteriorated; reviewed at clinical audit"]
    },
    {
      header: "Resolution", color: ORANGE, x: 5.05, y: 3.22, w: 4.65, h: 1.72,
      items: ["Root cause analysis conducted", "MDT-created discharge checklist protocols co-developed", "Senior staff given formal authority to request review if core competencies unmet", "(RNAO, 2012)"]
    }
  ];

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      text: item,
      options: { bullet: true, breakLine: i < b.items.length - 1, fontSize: 8.5, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri" }
    }));
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  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 13 – Question 3: Effects of Conflict (K&U 4.1)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 3 – Effects of Conflict in an MDT Approach (K&U 4.1)", "Negative and Positive Consequences");

  // Two column headers
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  s.addText("⬇ NEGATIVE EFFECTS", { x: 0.35, y: 1.14, w: 4.4, h: 0.32, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 5.0, y: 1.12, w: 4.7, h: 0.38, fill: { color: TEAL } });
  s.addText("⬆ POSITIVE EFFECTS", { x: 5.05, y: 1.14, w: 4.6, h: 0.32, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });

  const negatives = [
    "Compromised patient safety (preventable adverse events)",
    "Reduced team cohesion & trust",
    "Staff stress, burnout & absenteeism (Cerqueira et al., 2024)",
    "Poor information sharing, increased errors",
    "Loss of patient & family confidence in care"
  ];
  const positives = [
    "Promotes reflection & quality improvement",
    "Encourages creativity & innovative solutions",
    "Strengthens team dynamics when resolved well",
    "Empowers junior staff & validates nursing voice",
    "Drives protocol development & safer practice"
  ];

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    { x: 0.4, y: 1.62, w: 4.3, h: 3.25, valign: "top" });
  s.addText(positives.map((p, i) => ({ text: p, options: { bullet: true, breakLine: i < positives.length - 1, fontSize: 10, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri" } })),
    { x: 5.1, y: 1.62, w: 4.5, h: 3.25, valign: "top" });

  s.addText("RNAO (2012); Cerqueira et al. (2024); British Journal of Nursing (2022)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 14 – Question 4: Poor Group Dynamics – Causes (S&E 1.3)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 4 – Poor Group Dynamics: Causes (S&E 1.3)", "Group dynamics refer to the social and psychological processes within a group");

  const causes = [
    { title: "No Shared Goals", desc: "Professionals pursue individual aims rather than shared patient outcomes" },
    { title: "Poor Leadership", desc: "Weak or authoritarian leaders fail to facilitate open discussion" },
    { title: "Role Ambiguity", desc: "Unclear responsibilities create confusion, duplication and resentment" },
    { title: "Low Psychological Safety", desc: "Fear of speaking up = important clinical information suppressed" },
    { title: "Ineffective Communication", desc: "Dominating contributions; withholding information; failure to listen" },
    { title: "Diversity Not Valued", desc: "Cultural, communicational & interprofessional diversity underutilised" }
  ];

  causes.forEach((c, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = col === 0 ? 0.3 : 5.1;
    const y = 1.15 + row * 1.35;
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    s.addText(c.desc, { x: x + 0.1, y: y + 0.36, w: 4.35, h: 0.8, fontSize: 9.5, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top" });
  });

  s.addText("Suarez et al. (2022); RNAO (2012)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 15 – Tuckman's 5-Stage Team Development Model (S&E 1.3)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 4 – Tuckman's Team Development Model (1965)", "Understanding how teams form and mature");

  const stages = [
    { label: "FORMING", num: "1", color: TEAL, desc: "Team comes\ntogether; roles\nuncertain" },
    { label: "STORMING", num: "2", color: ORANGE, desc: "Conflict &\ncompetition\narise" },
    { label: "NORMING", num: "3", color: TEAL, desc: "Shared norms\nestablished;\nRoles clear" },
    { label: "PERFORMING", num: "4", color: "1A8A60", desc: "High trust &\nshared goals;\nOptimal patient\ncare delivered" },
    { label: "ADJOURNING", num: "5", color: "6B4C9B", desc: "Task complete;\nteam dissolves;\nLessons learned;\nreflection" }
  ];

  stages.forEach((st, i) => {
    const x = 0.5 + i * 1.88;
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  });

  s.addText("Tuckman (1965); Kivunja et al. (2019); British Journal of Nursing (2022)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 16 – Belbin's Team Role Theory & Strategies to Improve Group Dynamics
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 4 – Belbin's Team Role Theory & Strategies to Improve Dynamics", "Belbin's Team Roles (1981) | Aranzabal et al. (2022)");

  // Belbin left panel
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  s.addText("Belbin's Team Roles (1981) | Aranzabal et al. (2022)", { x: 0.38, y: 1.14, w: 4.29, h: 0.28, fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });

  const roles = [
    ["Thinking Roles", "Plant – creative problem-solver | Monitor-Evaluator – critical thinker | Specialist – expert knowledge"],
    ["Social Roles", "Co-ordinator – chairs, delegates | Team Worker – supports morale | Resource Investigator – external links"],
    ["Action Roles", "Shaper – challenges | Implementer – turns plans into action | Completer Finisher – quality checks"]
  ];
  roles.forEach((r, i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.38, y: 1.5 + i * 0.9, w: 4.22, h: 0.28, fill: { color: ORANGE } });
    s.addText(r[0], { x: 0.43, y: 1.52 + i * 0.9, w: 4.12, h: 0.24, fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });
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  });

  // Strategies right panel
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 5.0, y: 1.12, w: 4.7, h: 0.32, fill: { color: ORANGE } });
  s.addText("Strategies to Improve Group Dynamics", { x: 5.08, y: 1.14, w: 4.54, h: 0.28, fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });

  const strategies = [
    "Regular structured MDT meetings with clear agendas",
    "Team-building & interprofessional education",
    "Psychologically safe environment – everyone can speak up",
    "Proactive use of RNAO conflict management frameworks",
    "Emotionally intelligent leadership",
    "Regular debrief sessions after critical incidents"
  ];
  s.addText(strategies.map((str, i) => ({
    text: str,
    options: { bullet: true, breakLine: i < strategies.length - 1, fontSize: 9.5, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri" }
  })), { x: 5.08, y: 1.5, w: 4.54, h: 3.65, valign: "top" });

  s.addText("Belbin (1981); Aranzabal et al. (2022); RNAO (2012); Kivunja et al. (2019)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 17 – Question 5: Skills to Overcome MDT Conflict (A&A 4.2)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 5 – Skills & Behaviours to Overcome MDT Conflict (A&A 4.2)", "Professional skills that healthcare professionals need");

  const skills = [
    { title: "Communication", desc: "Active listening; closed-loop communication; assertive not aggressive (Suarez et al., 2022)" },
    { title: "Emotional Intelligence", desc: "Goleman's 5 domains: self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, motivation, social skills (Goleman, 1998)" },
    { title: "Assertiveness & Compromise", desc: "Win-win resolution; interest-based negotiation; 'all parties' concerns addressed (CMN, 2022)" },
    { title: "Respect for Diversity", desc: "Cultural competence; respect for professional backgrounds & communication styles" },
    { title: "Problem-Solving", desc: "Focus on issue, not blame; reframe conflict as quality improvement opportunity" },
    { title: "Professionalism", desc: "Maintain composure even in conflict; keep patient safety central (CNM, 2023)" }
  ];

  skills.forEach((sk, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = col === 0 ? 0.3 : 5.1;
    const y = 1.15 + row * 1.35;
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  });

  s.addText("Goleman (1998); RNAO (2012); CMN (2022); Suarez et al. (2022); British Journal of Nursing (2022)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.07, w: 9.4, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, italic: true, color: GREY, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 18 – Question 6: Strategies to Resolve Conflict (K&U 4.3)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 6 – Strategies to Resolve Conflict in the MDT (K&U 4.3)", "Five key resolution approaches");

  const tableData = [
    { strategy: "Negotiation / Collaborative", desc: "Parties discuss interests to reach mutual agreement", adv: "Preserves relationships; full disclosure", disadv: "Requires time; may need facilitator" },
    { strategy: "Mediation", desc: "Neutral third party facilitates structured dialogue", adv: "Impartial & structured", disadv: "Can take time; outcome not guaranteed" },
    { strategy: "Compromise", desc: "Each party concedes demands to reach agreement", adv: "Quick resolution", disadv: "Neither party fully satisfied" },
    { strategy: "Formal Escalation", desc: "Grievance or governance processes when informal fails", adv: "Documented process; fair review", disadv: "Damages relationships; may cause stress" },
    { strategy: "De-escalation", desc: "Timeout; calm language; acknowledge other's perspective", adv: "Immediate tension relief", disadv: "Symptom not cause addressed" }
  ];

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    { label: "Strategy", x: 0.3, w: 2.35 },
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    { label: "Advantages", x: 5.2, w: 2.3 },
    { label: "Disadvantages", x: 7.55, w: 2.15 }
  ];
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      { x: 7.55, w: 2.15, text: row.disadv, bold: false }
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  s.addText("RNAO (2012): Best strategy: Negotiation/Collaborative Problem-Solving", {
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  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 19 – Question 6: Which Strategy Is Best? (K&U 4.3)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Question 6 – Which Strategy Is Best? (K&U 4.3)", "Recommended approach for MDT conflicts");

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  s.addText("Best Approach: Negotiation & Collaborative Problem-Solving", { x: 0.4, y: 1.14, w: 9.2, h: 0.29, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0 });
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    x: 0.4, y: 1.48, w: 9.2, h: 0.3, fontSize: 9.5, italic: true, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });

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    { num: "1", label: "NEGOTIATE", sub: "Direct, respectful discussion first", color: TEAL },
    { num: "2", label: "MEDIATE", sub: "Neutral third party if Step 1 fails", color: ORANGE },
    { num: "3", label: "ESCALATE", sub: "Formal process for patient safety issues only", color: "6B4C9B" }
  ];

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  });
  addFooter(s);
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 20 – Professional Standards & Code of Conduct
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Professional Standards & Code of Conduct in MDT Practice", "CNM, WHO & NHS Frameworks");

  const items = [
    { org: "CNM (2023)", title: "Council for Nurses & Midwives – Malta", points: ["Principle 1: Respect for person & dignity", "Principle 4: Maintain competence & safe practice", "Principle 6: Collaborate with the MDT"] },
    { org: "WHO (2024)", title: "World Health Organisation", points: ["Patient-centred care as core MDT value", "Safety culture: speak up without fear", "Equity, dignity and non-discrimination"] },
    { org: "NHS (2023)", title: "NHS Constitution & Standards", points: ["Duty of candour – honesty when errors occur", "Respectful professional relationships", "Shared governance and accountability"] }
  ];

  items.forEach((item, i) => {
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 21 – Patient-Centred Care: Liam's Perspective
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    { area: "Football & Sport", action: "Exercise physiologist creates safe carb strategies; DSN educates on BG monitoring before/during/after sport" },
    { area: "School Integration", action: "School health nurse trains staff; individual healthcare plan (IHP) agreed with school; glucagon kit provided" },
    { area: "Family Education", action: "Parents taught hypo recognition, injection technique, carb counting by DSN & dietitian before discharge" },
    { area: "Emotional Wellbeing", action: "Psychologist & nurse address adjustment; support groups for children with T1DM signposted (ISPAD, 2022)" }
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 22 – Interprofessional Communication in the MDT
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeaderBar(s, "Interprofessional Communication in the MDT", "Frameworks and Tools that Promote Safe Communication");

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    { name: "SBAR Framework", full: "Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation", use: "Structured handovers; reduces omissions; widely used in paediatric settings (NHS, 2023)" },
    { name: "Closed-Loop Communication", full: "Sender → Receiver confirms understanding → Sender verifies", use: "Critical in insulin prescription and dose changes; prevents errors" },
    { name: "Safety Huddles", full: "Brief daily MDT check-ins (5-10 min)", use: "Flags risks early; identifies Liam's daily goals; improves team cohesion" },
    { name: "Electronic Health Records", full: "Shared digital documentation (e.g. Epic, SystmOne)", use: "All MDT members update and access Liam's records in real-time; reduces duplication" }
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 23 – Ethical Dimensions of MDT Practice
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addBg(s);
  addHeaderBar(s, "Ethical Dimensions of MDT Practice in Liam's Care", "Ethical Principles Applied to Paediatric Diabetes Management");

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    { name: "Autonomy", icon: "A", desc: "Liam and his parents have the right to be involved in all decisions. Age-appropriate information must be given. Assent (Liam) and consent (parents) obtained for insulin management (CNM, 2023)" },
    { name: "Beneficence", icon: "B", desc: "Every MDT member acts in Liam's best interest – optimising glycaemic control, emotional wellbeing and quality of life. Evidence-based practice used at all times (ISPAD, 2022)" },
    { name: "Non-maleficence", icon: "N", desc: "Avoiding harm: minimising needle discomfort; ensuring parents are competent before discharge; preventing hypoglycaemia through thorough education (RNAO, 2012)" },
    { name: "Justice", icon: "J", desc: "Equal access to all MDT services regardless of socioeconomic background. Insulin and supplies provided; school support guaranteed (CNM, 2023; WHO, 2024)" }
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 24 – Reference List
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeaderBar(s, "Reference List", "Harvard Style – British Format");

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    "Aranzabal, A. et al. (2022) Belbin team roles and healthcare teams. Nurse Education Today, 110, p.105249.",
    "Cerqueira, P., Pessoa, G. & Costa, R. (2024) Unlocking team potential: examining communication in palliative care. Cureus, 16(11).",
    "CNM (2023) Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses and Midwives. Malta: CNM.",
    "Compton, J. & Collins, A. (2012) Having Shared Decision-Making in Practice. London: King's Fund.",
    "Danne/man, D. (2006) Type 1 Diabetes in Children: ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2006.",
    "Elberzhagen, C. et al. (2022) Barriers & enablers to interprofessional teamwork. PLoS ONE, 16(4).",
    "Goleman, D. (1998) Working with Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.",
    "He, H. et al. (2022) Effectiveness of MDT working in healthcare. British Journal of Nursing, 31(5).",
    "ISPAD (2022) Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022. Available: ispad.org.",
    "Jennings, G. & Evans, A. (2020) MDT working: a structured approach. Nursing in Practice. London.",
    "Kivunja, C. & Kivunja, B.M. (2019) Understanding and applying Tuckman's model. Creative Education, 10(7).",
    "NHS (2023) Framework on Integrated, People-centred Health Services. Geneva: WHO.",
    "Proessl, D. et al. (2021) Interprofessional collaboration in chronic disease. Health Policy, 125(2).",
    "RNAO (2012) Managing & Mitigating Conflict in Healthcare Teams. Toronto: RNAO.",
    "Suarez, K. et al. (2022) MDT barriers and approaches. Journal of Patient Safety, 18(3).",
    "Tuckman, B.W. (1965) Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6).",
    "WHO (2024) Framework on Integrated, People-centred Health Services. Geneva: WHO.",
    "CDC (2024) The Multidisciplinary DSMES Team. Available: www.cdc.gov."
  ];

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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 25 – THANK YOU / KEY TAKEAWAYS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    "Liam's T1DM requires a 10-professional MDT for holistic, patient-centred care",
    "Effective teamwork needs communication, role clarity, and shared leadership",
    "Conflict is normal – managed well, it drives quality improvement",
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// ─── WRITE FILE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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