Anatomical diagram and educational infographic detailing the human visual pathway and associated visual field defects. The central illustration shows a superior (dorsal) view of the brain, highlighting the optic nerve, optic chiasm (decussation point), optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobes. Pathways are color-coded (red and blue) to demonstrate the transition from nasal and temporal retinal fibers to the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres. Black lesion bars indicate specific sites of damage along this pathway. Flanking the central diagram are clinical representations of visual field loss patterns. The 'Right' panel displays bilateral defects including bitemporal hemianopia, incongruous homonymous hemianopia, and congruous homonymous hemianopia. The 'Left' panel displays unilateral or localized defects including central scotoma, centrocaecal scotoma, arcuate scotoma, and temporal wedge. This diagram serves as a neuro-ophthalmological guide for localizing lesions within the central nervous system based on perimetry findings.

This composite educational image presents two clinical cases correlating neuroimaging findings with visual field defects. Case 1 (A-E) depicts left homonymous hemianopia. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI in axial (A) and coronal (B) planes shows a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the suprasellar region (yellow circles), involving the optic chiasm and third ventricle floor. Schematic (C) and anatomical diagram (D) illustrate the corresponding lesion in the right optic tract and the resulting left hemifield blindness. The Esterman binocular field test (E) confirms significant unseen points (black dots) in the left visual field. Case 2 (F-J) depicts bitemporal hemianopia. MRI scans (F, G) reveal a residual suprasellar mass (yellow circles) inseparable from the hypothalamus and optic chiasm. The schematic (H) and optic pathway diagram (I) show a midline chiasmal injury, leading to peripheral scotomas. The Esterman test (J) demonstrates peripheral blind spots consistent with bitemporal vision loss. This comparison illustrates how specific anatomical injuries along the optic pathway correlate with distinct patterns of binocular visual impairment.

A multi-panel medical image illustrating the correlation between visual field defects and cortical lesions in two hemianopic patients. Panels A and B display Humphrey visual field perimetry results. Panel A shows a left superior quadrantanopia in patient LF, while Panel B shows a right homonymous hemianopia with foveal sparing in patient SL. Panels C and D provide diagnostic neuroimaging reconstructions via sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MRI slices. Panel C (Patient LF) highlights a focal red-labeled lesion in the anterior portion of the right calcarine fissure near the parieto-occipital fissure, consistent with the left-sided visual defect. Panel D (Patient SL) shows a larger red-labeled lesion in the left median para-sagittal occipital lobe involving the peri-calcarine cortex, corresponding to the right-sided hemianopia. The image serves as a clinical anatomical reference for mapping primary visual cortex (V1) damage to specific patterns of post-chiasmatic vision loss, such as quadrantanopia and hemianopia.