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pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Castration in Goats";
pres.author = "Veterinary Science";

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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 1 – TITLE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addText("A Comprehensive Veterinary Guide", {
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 2 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    ["01", "Definition & Importance of Castration"],
    ["02", "Indications for Castration"],
    ["03", "Ideal Age & Timing"],
    ["04", "Anatomy Relevant to Castration"],
    ["05", "Pre-operative Preparation & Restraint"],
    ["06", "Method 1 – Surgical (Knife) Castration"],
    ["07", "Method 2 – Burdizzo (Emasculatome) Method"],
    ["08", "Method 3 – Elastrator / Banding Method"],
    ["09", "Anesthesia & Analgesia"],
    ["10", "Post-operative Care & Aftercare"],
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    ["12", "Comparison of Methods"],
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 3 – DEFINITION & IMPORTANCE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    "Prevent unwanted breeding and uncontrolled mating",
    "Improve meat quality – tenderness, less odour, better flavour",
    "Reduce aggressive behaviour in bucks (male goats)",
    "Facilitate animal management and reduce fighting injuries",
    "Allow mixed-sex grazing without unwanted pregnancies",
    "Improve feed conversion efficiency for fattening purposes",
    "Enhance carcass quality – fat deposition and muscle development",
    "Support breed improvement programs by culling inferior males",
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 4 – INDICATIONS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    { title: "Meat Production", body: "Wethers (castrated males) produce better quality meat with improved tenderness and no 'buck odour'. Carcass fat distribution is more desirable for market.", color: C.darkGreen },
    { title: "Herd Management", body: "Prevents accidental mating with does. Allows mixed-sex housing. Reduces aggression and fighting injuries between males.", color: C.midGreen },
    { title: "Behavioural Control", body: "Intact bucks are aggressive, vocal, and have strong odour especially in rut. Castration eliminates these behaviours, making animals easier to handle.", color: C.lightGreen },
    { title: "Genetic Selection", body: "Males with inferior genetics can be castrated while maintaining superior sires. Supports planned breeding programmes.", color: C.gold },
    { title: "Pet / Companion Animals", body: "Pet goats and companion wethers are safer, calmer, and more suitable for households and petting zoos when castrated.", color: C.midGreen },
    { title: "Show & Exhibition", body: "Wether classes exist in goat shows. Castrated animals can be shown in specific categories.", color: C.darkGreen },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 5 – AGE & TIMING
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeader(s, "Ideal Age & Timing for Castration");

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    { age:"< 24 hrs", note:"Avoid – allow maternal bonding & colostrum intake first", color:C.red },
    { age:"1–7 days", note:"Banding can be done WITHOUT anaesthesia. Ideal window for banding.", color:C.lightGreen },
    { age:"1–12 wks", note:"Banding or Burdizzo with local anaesthetic/NSAIDs recommended", color:C.gold },
    { age:"Any age", note:"Surgical castration feasible; anaesthesia & analgesia MUST be used after 7 days", color:C.midGreen },
    { age:"> 12 wks", note:"Veterinarian required. Full anaesthesia, analgesia, asepsis essential.", color:C.red },
    { age:"> 6 months", note:"High risk of complications. Sedation mandatory. May need suturing.", color:C.red },
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    "Castrate at the YOUNGEST age possible",
    "Stress and complications increase with age",
    "Testicles must be fully descended first",
    "Very young kids (< 3 wks): less pain, faster healing",
    "Early castration may delay long-bone physeal closure – causes taller, straighter posture",
    "Urethral development: avoid too early in wethers prone to urolithiasis",
    "Tetanus vaccination or antitoxin always required",
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 6 – ANATOMY
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeader(s, "Relevant Anatomy of the Male Goat Reproductive Tract");

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    { name:"Testes", desc:"Paired male gonads housed in the scrotum. Produce spermatozoa and testosterone." },
    { name:"Epididymis", desc:"Coiled duct where sperm mature and are stored. Runs along posterior surface of testis." },
    { name:"Spermatic Cord", desc:"Contains the vas deferens, testicular artery & vein (pampiniform plexus), lymphatics, and nerves. Primary target for Burdizzo crushing." },
    { name:"Scrotum", desc:"Skin pouch that houses and thermoregulates the testes. Incised or ligated during castration." },
    { name:"Vas Deferens", desc:"Muscular tube carrying sperm from epididymis to urethra. Severed/crushed during castration." },
    { name:"Cremaster Muscle", desc:"Controls testicular position via contraction. Source of bleeding if not ligated properly." },
    { name:"Tunica Vaginalis", desc:"Two-layered peritoneal covering of the testis. Can be left intact (closed castration) or opened." },
    { name:"Inguinal Canal", desc:"Passage through which vessels/nerves enter scrotum. Risk site for herniation in young animals." },
  ];

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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 7 – PRE-OPERATIVE PREPARATION & RESTRAINT
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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    "Fast animal for 12–24 h (adult bucks) to reduce rumen volume",
    "Examine for inguinal hernia BEFORE castration (contraindication)",
    "Confirm both testes fully descended into scrotum",
    "Administer tetanus antitoxin or ensure vaccinated",
    "Administer pre-op NSAID (flunixin meglumine or meloxicam)",
    "Prepare and clean surgical site – clip hair, scrub with antiseptic",
    "Gather all instruments: scalpel/knife, Burdizzo or elastrator, ligatures, antiseptic, syringes",
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    { head:"Lateral Recumbency", body:"Animal laid on its side. Hind legs pulled back to expose scrotum. Requires 1–2 assistants. Used for older or larger animals." },
    { head:"Chemical Restraint", body:"Xylazine (use with care), diazepam/ketamine, or midazolam/ketamine for older/resistant animals. Avoid xylazine in sheep. Used alongside local analgesia." },
    { head:"Local Anaesthesia Block", body:"Intratesticular and/or scrotal neck infiltration with lidocaine. Max 4 mg/kg in goats – they are very sensitive to lidocaine toxicity." },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 8 – SURGICAL CASTRATION
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeader(s, "Method 1: Surgical (Knife) Castration", "Open & Closed Techniques");

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    "Ligature material (catgut or absorbable suture)",
    "Antiseptic solution (iodine/chlorhexidine)",
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    "1. Restrain animal securely. Administer local anaesthesia + pre-op NSAID.",
    "2. Palpate scrotum to confirm both testes. Push testes upward toward body.",
    "3. Clean and disinfect scrotal skin thoroughly.",
    "4. Make incision at LOWER THIRD of scrotum (or remove bottom third entirely in young kids).",
    "5. Expose each testis by applying gentle pressure. Testes should pop out through incision.",
    "6. Young animals (< 2 wks): Pull testes firmly until spermatic cord stretches and breaks (scraping technique). NO ligation needed.",
    "7. Older animals: Ligate spermatic cord with absorbable suture BEFORE cutting. Use emasculator to crush cord then cut.",
    "8. Apply antiseptic to open wound. Spray with fly repellent.",
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 9 – BURDIZZO METHOD
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  addHeader(s, "Method 2: Burdizzo (Emasculatome) Method", "Bloodless Crushing Technique");

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  s.addText("The Burdizzo (Emasculatome) crushes the spermatic cord within the scrotum WITHOUT incision, causing ischaemic necrosis of the testes. The scrotum and skin remain intact (bloodless technique).", {
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    "1. Restrain animal. Administer local anaesthesia (mandatory > 4 weeks).",
    "2. Palpate and locate the spermatic cord of ONE testis. Move it to the lateral side of the scrotum.",
    "3. Place Burdizzo jaws around the cord – 1 cm below the external inguinal ring.",
    "4. Close the jaws FIRMLY and hold for 15–30 seconds to crush the cord.",
    "5. Repeat the crush 0.5–1 cm lower on the SAME cord for double clamping.",
    "6. Repeat entire procedure for the second testis – on the OPPOSITE lateral side.",
    "7. CRITICAL: Leave a bridge of uncrushed scrotal skin between the two clamp sites to preserve blood supply to scrotal skin.",
    "8. Apply antiseptic to skin. Administer tetanus antitoxin.",
    "9. Testes will necrose and atrophy over 2–4 weeks.",
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  s.addText("✔ Advantages", { x:5.2, y:2.6, w:4.4, h:0.3, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.lightGreen, margin:0 });
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  s.addText("✘ Disadvantages", { x:5.2, y:4.2, w:4.4, h:0.3, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.amber, margin:0 });
  const bDis = ["NOT 100% effective – spermatic cord may not be fully crushed","Incomplete castration possible","Significant acute pain","Longer time for testicular atrophy"];
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 10 – ELASTRATOR / BANDING METHOD
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Method 3: Elastrator / Banding Method", "Rubber Ring Ischaemic Castration");

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:0.2, y:1.25, w:9.6, h:0.65,
    fill:{color:C.midGreen}, line:{color:C.midGreen}, rounding:0.1 });
  s.addText("A tight rubber ring (elastrator band) is placed around the neck of the scrotum, above both testes. The ring cuts off blood supply causing ischaemic necrosis; the scrotum and testes dry up and fall off after 3–4 weeks.", {
    x:0.35, y:1.27, w:9.3, h:0.61, fontSize:13, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:3
  });

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:0.2, y:2.0, w:4.6, h:3.4,
    fill:{color:C.white}, line:{color:C.lightGreen, pt:1.5}, rounding:0.1 });
  s.addText("Procedure Steps", { x:0.3, y:2.1, w:4.4, h:0.35, fontSize:14, bold:true, color:C.darkGreen, margin:0 });
  const eSteps = [
    "1. Use only on animals < 7 days of age without anaesthesia (after maternal bonding).",
    "2. Confirm BOTH testes are below the ring – never apply with one or no testis.",
    "3. Open rubber ring with elastrator tool. Place ring around scrotal neck.",
    "4. Release ring firmly above both testes and below the teats/prepuce.",
    "5. Remove elastrator tool carefully.",
    "6. Check daily: confirm ring is in place, look for signs of pain or infection.",
    "7. Administer tetanus antitoxin – organism can enter through irritated tissue.",
    "8. Scrotum + testes atrophy and fall off within 3–4 weeks.",
  ];
  s.addText(bullets(eSteps), { x:0.3, y:2.5, w:4.4, h:2.85, valign:"top" });

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:5.1, y:2.0, w:4.7, h:3.4,
    fill:{color:C.darkGreen}, line:{color:C.darkGreen}, rounding:0.1 });
  s.addText("Important Notes", { x:5.2, y:2.1, w:4.5, h:0.35, fontSize:14, bold:true, color:C.gold, margin:0 });
  const notes = [
    { head:"Age Restriction", body:"Best for < 7 days. After 7 days, LOCAL ANAESTHETIC is mandatory. Do NOT use in animals > 12 weeks." },
    { head:"Avoid LidoBands", body:"Lidocaine-infused bands exceed the toxic dose for most young goats/lambs. Use plain bands with separate local block." },
    { head:"Chronic Pain Risk", body:"Banding causes prolonged pain for up to 1–2 hours and chronic discomfort. Preemptive analgesia reduces suffering." },
    { head:"Effectiveness", body:"Not 100% reliable. If ring is not positioned correctly, castration fails. Short-sacking (pressing testes to body) is NOT recommended." },
  ];
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    s.addText(n.body, { x:5.2, y:ny+0.27, w:4.4, h:0.52, fontSize:11, color:C.white, valign:"top", margin:0 });
    ny += 0.88;
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 11 – ANESTHESIA & ANALGESIA
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Anesthesia & Analgesia in Goat Castration");

  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:0.2, y:1.25, w:9.6, h:0.55,
    fill:{color:C.red}, line:{color:C.red}, rounding:0.1 });
  s.addText("ALL methods of castration cause acute and chronic pain. Pain control is not optional — it is an ethical and welfare obligation.", {
    x:0.35, y:1.27, w:9.3, h:0.51, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:3
  });

  // 4 boxes
  const boxes = [
    { title:"Local Anaesthesia", content:"• Lidocaine 2% (lignocaine)\n• MAX dose: 4 mg/kg in goats (very sensitive)\n• Routes: intratesticular injection + scrotal neck infiltration\n• Dilute to increase volume without exceeding toxic dose\n• Wait 15 min after injection before starting procedure\n• Duration of action: 60–90 min", color:C.midGreen },
    { title:"NSAIDs (Pre-op & Post-op)", content:"• Flunixin meglumine IV: 1.1–2.2 mg/kg\n• Meloxicam PO: 0.5–1.0 mg/kg\n• Give 30 min BEFORE procedure for best effect\n• Continue post-op 24–48 h for pain management\n• Extra-label drug use in US – requires veterinarian VCPR", color:C.darkGreen },
    { title:"Sedation Protocols", content:"• Xylazine: 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IM/IV (use carefully, lower dose than sheep)\n• Detomidine: 10–20 mcg/kg IM\n• Diazepam/Ketamine: 0.5 mg/kg + 2–4 mg/kg IV\n• Midazolam/Ketamine: 0.2 mg/kg + 2 mg/kg IM\n• Always have reversal agents available (atipamezole for xylazine)", color:C.midGreen },
    { title:"Age-Based Guidelines", content:"• < 7 days: Banding without anaesthesia acceptable\n• 7 days – 12 wks: Local anaesthetic + NSAID required\n• > 12 wks: Full anaesthesia + analgesia + veterinarian\n• Tetanus prophylaxis: ALL ages, ALL methods\n• Post-op analgesia: meloxicam for 2–3 days", color:C.darkGreen },
  ];

  boxes.forEach((b, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = 0.2 + col * 4.95;
    const y = 1.9 + row * 1.85;
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      fill:{color:b.color}, line:{color:b.color}, rounding:0.1 });
    s.addText(b.title, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.08, w:4.5, h:0.35,
      fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.gold, margin:0 });
    s.addText(b.content, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.45, w:4.5, h:1.25,
      fontSize:10.5, color:C.white, valign:"top", margin:0 });
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 12 – POST-OPERATIVE CARE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Post-operative Care & Aftercare");

  const careItems = [
    { icon:"🔍", title:"Monitoring (First 24–48 hours)", items:["Check for excessive bleeding – a few drops is normal; active bleeding requires attention","Watch for swelling – mild swelling expected; severe or spreading swelling = complication","Monitor for signs of pain: teeth grinding, reluctance to move, hunched posture","Ensure adequate eating and drinking","Take rectal temperature if infection suspected (normal goat: 38.5–39.5°C)"] },
    { icon:"💊", title:"Medications", items:["Continue NSAIDs for 2–3 days post-procedure","Antibiotic therapy if surgical wound becomes contaminated (penicillin or oxytetracycline)","Tetanus antitoxin if not vaccinated (give BEFORE or immediately after procedure)","Apply topical antibiotic spray or iodine to wound daily"] },
    { icon:"🏠", title:"Housing & Environment", items:["House in clean, dry, well-ventilated pen","Avoid muddy or wet areas during wound healing","Separate from dominant animals to prevent butting injuries","Provide fresh water, good quality hay and feed","Keep flies away – use fly repellent sprays on wounds in warm weather"] },
    { icon:"📅", title:"Follow-up", items:["Surgical wounds: typically heal in 7–14 days","Banding scrotum falls off: 3–4 weeks","Burdizzo testes atrophy: 2–4 weeks","Recheck for incomplete castration: palpate at 4–6 weeks","Confirm no sexual behaviour (mounting, odour) persists"] },
  ];

  careItems.forEach((c, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
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    const y = 1.25 + row * 2.05;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x, y, w:4.7, h:1.95,
      fill:{col===0 ? C.white : C.white}, line:{color:C.lightGreen, pt:1.5}, rounding:0.1 });
    s.addText(c.icon + " " + c.title, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.08, w:4.5, h:0.38,
      fontSize:12.5, bold:true, color:C.darkGreen, margin:0 });
    s.addText(bullets(c.items), { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.5, w:4.5, h:1.4, valign:"top" });
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 13 – COMPLICATIONS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Complications & Their Management");

  const comps = [
    { comp:"Haemorrhage", cause:"Cut or torn blood vessel in spermatic cord", mgmt:"Apply direct pressure; ligate bleeding vessel; if severe, seek veterinary assistance immediately", sev:"HIGH" },
    { comp:"Infection / Abscess", cause:"Contamination of wound; poor asepsis; flies", mgmt:"Antiseptic wound care; systemic antibiotics (penicillin G 22,000 IU/kg); improve hygiene; fly control", sev:"MED" },
    { comp:"Tetanus", cause:"Clostridium tetani spores in wound", mgmt:"PREVENTION: tetanus antitoxin/vaccination before castration. Treatment: antitoxin, penicillin, supportive care", sev:"HIGH" },
    { comp:"Intestinal Herniation", cause:"Inguinal ring defect – intestine exits through incision", mgmt:"Immediate veterinary emergency – reduce hernia and close inguinal ring surgically", sev:"CRITICAL" },
    { comp:"Incomplete Castration", cause:"Burdizzo failed to crush cord; band slipped; retained cryptorchid testis", mgmt:"Confirm by palpation at 4–6 wks; surgical completion required; check for cryptorchidism", sev:"MED" },
    { comp:"Swelling / Oedema", cause:"Normal post-op inflammation; excessive trauma", mgmt:"Mild: normal, resolves in 2–5 days. Severe: NSAIDs, cold hydrotherapy, veterinary review if persists", sev:"LOW" },
    { comp:"Urolithiasis (Wethers)", cause:"Castration before adequate urethral development", mgmt:"Ensure castration not too early; maintain proper diet (Ca:P ratio); adequate water; ammonium chloride supplement", sev:"MED" },
    { comp:"Fly Strike (Myiasis)", cause:"Flies lay eggs in open wound", mgmt:"Fly repellent spray on wound; check wound daily; remove maggots manually; wound irrigation", sev:"MED" },
  ];

  const sevColor = { "CRITICAL": C.red, "HIGH": "#D62828", "MED": C.gold, "LOW": C.lightGreen };

  // Table header
  const cols = [0.2, 2.3, 5.0, 8.5];
  const headers = ["Complication", "Cause", "Management", "Severity"];
  headers.forEach((h, i) => {
    const nextCol = cols[i+1] || 9.9;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:cols[i], y:1.2, w:nextCol-cols[i]-0.05, h:0.4,
      fill:{color:C.darkGreen}, line:{color:C.darkGreen} });
    s.addText(h, { x:cols[i]+0.05, y:1.2, w:nextCol-cols[i]-0.05, h:0.4,
      fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });

  comps.forEach((c, i) => {
    const y = 1.65 + i * 0.48;
    const bg = i % 2 === 0 ? C.white : "#EEF7F0";
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:0.2, y, w:9.7, h:0.46, fill:{color:bg}, line:{color:"#CCDDCC", pt:0.5} });
    s.addText(c.comp, { x:cols[0]+0.05, y, w:1.95, h:0.46, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:C.darkGreen, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
    s.addText(c.cause, { x:cols[1]+0.05, y, w:2.55, h:0.46, fontSize:10, color:C.darkText, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
    s.addText(c.mgmt, { x:cols[2]+0.05, y, w:3.35, h:0.46, fontSize:10, color:C.darkText, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:cols[3], y:y+0.07, w:1.25, h:0.32,
      fill:{color:sevColor[c.sev]}, line:{color:sevColor[c.sev]}, rounding:0.08 });
    s.addText(c.sev, { x:cols[3], y:y+0.07, w:1.25, h:0.32,
      fontSize:10, bold:true, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 14 – COMPARISON TABLE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Comparison of Castration Methods");

  const criteria = ["Method","Effectiveness","Age Suitability","Blood Loss","Pain Level","Skill Required","Infection Risk","Cost","Healing Time"];
  const methods = [
    { name:"Surgical (Knife)", vals:["100%","All ages","Moderate","Moderate-High","Moderate","Higher","1–2 weeks"] },
    { name:"Burdizzo", vals:["~90–95%","< 12 weeks best","None (bloodless)","High (acute)","Low","Low","2–4 weeks (atrophy)"] },
    { name:"Elastrator/Banding", vals:["~90–95%","< 7 days ideal","None","Moderate-High","Very Low","Low","3–4 weeks (falls off)"] },
  ];

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  const colX = [0.15];
  colW.forEach((w, i) => colX.push(colX[i] + colW[i]));

  // Header row
  const hHeaders = ["Criteria", "Surgical (Knife)", "Burdizzo", "Elastrator/Banding"];
  hHeaders.forEach((h, i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:colX[i], y:1.2, w:colW[i]-0.05, h:0.45,
      fill:{color:C.darkGreen}, line:{color:C.darkGreen} });
    s.addText(h, { x:colX[i]+0.05, y:1.2, w:colW[i]-0.1, h:0.45,
      fontSize:12, bold:true, color: i===0 ? C.gold : C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });

  const rows = [
    ["Effectiveness","100%","~90–95%","~90–95%"],
    ["Age Suitability","All ages (analgesia after 7d)","1–12 weeks best","< 7 days ideal"],
    ["Blood Loss","Moderate","None (bloodless)","None"],
    ["Pain Level","Moderate-High","High (acute)","Moderate-High"],
    ["Skill Required","Moderate","Low-Moderate","Very Low"],
    ["Infection Risk","Higher (open wound)","Low","Low"],
    ["Cost","Moderate (instruments)","Low (reusable)","Very Low"],
    ["Healing Time","1–2 weeks","2–4 weeks atrophy","3–4 weeks falls off"],
  ];

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    row.forEach((cell, ci) => {
      s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x:colX[ci], y, w:colW[ci]-0.05, h:0.44,
        fill:{color:rowColors[ri%2]}, line:{color:"#CCDDCC", pt:0.5} });
      const isCrit = ci === 0;
      s.addText(cell, { x:colX[ci]+0.05, y, w:colW[ci]-0.1, h:0.44,
        fontSize: isCrit ? 12 : 11.5, bold:isCrit, color: isCrit ? C.darkGreen : C.darkText,
        valign:"middle", align:isCrit?"left":"center", margin:0 });
    });
  });
}

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 15 – SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {x:0,y:0,w:10,h:5.625, fill:{color:C.pale}, line:{color:C.pale}});
  addHeader(s, "Special Considerations & Welfare");

  const topics = [
    { title:"Cryptorchidism", color:C.darkGreen, content:"One or both testes fail to descend into scrotum (retained). Cryptorchid bucks are still fertile and may show masculinising behaviour. Require SURGICAL castration only – no banding/Burdizzo. Procedure is more complex; abdominal approach may be needed." },
    { title:"Obstructive Urolithiasis in Wethers", color:C.midGreen, content:"Castration before urethral maturation (especially < 8 wks) may result in a narrow urethra – increasing risk of fatal urinary obstruction. Balance between early castration (welfare, management) and urethral development. Ensure correct Ca:P diet ratio (1:1 to 2:1). Maintain adequate hydration." },
    { title:"Immunocastration", color:C.darkGreen, content:"Vaccination against GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) to suppress testicular function. Not yet approved for small ruminants in many countries (including US). Research ongoing. May be future alternative to surgical methods." },
    { title:"Animal Welfare & Regulations", color:C.midGreen, content:"All castration causes pain – this is scientifically established. Pain mitigation is an ethical obligation. CVMA and AASRP both recommend youngest age possible with appropriate analgesia. Extra-label drug use requires veterinarian supervision in US. Always ensure VCPR (Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship) when using drugs." },
    { title:"Tetanus Prevention", color:C.darkGreen, content:"Castration wounds are high-risk entry points for Clostridium tetani. Tetanus antitoxin provides immediate but short-lived (~3 wks) protection. Vaccination (tetanus toxoid) provides long-term protection – ideal if does were vaccinated, kids have passive immunity. Give antitoxin at time of castration if vaccination history unknown." },
    { title:"Post-castration Behaviour", color:C.midGreen, content:"Wethers may still show mounting behaviour for several weeks post-castration as testosterone levels decline. Residual buck odour may persist for 4–8 weeks. Wethers are safe to run with does after 4–6 weeks once testosterone fully cleared." },
  ];

  topics.forEach((t, i) => {
    const col = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = 0.2 + col * 4.95;
    const y = 1.25 + row * 1.45;
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    s.addText(t.content, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.42, w:4.5, h:0.88,
      fontSize:10.5, color:C.white, valign:"top", margin:0 });
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 16 – SUMMARY & KEY TAKEAWAYS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  s.addText("Summary & Key Takeaways", { x:0.3, y:0.15, w:9.5, h:0.75,
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  const takeaways = [
    "Three accepted methods: Surgical (100% effective), Burdizzo (bloodless, ~95%), Elastrator/Banding (~95%)",
    "Castrate at youngest age possible — complications and pain increase with age",
    "ALL methods cause pain: analgesia (NSAIDs + local anaesthesia) is MANDATORY after 7 days of age",
    "Tetanus prophylaxis is essential for ALL methods at ALL ages",
    "Goats are very sensitive to lidocaine — never exceed 4 mg/kg; never use LidoBands",
    "Surgical castration is the only method that guarantees effectiveness but carries open-wound risks",
    "Check for inguinal hernia BEFORE castration — herniation is a life-threatening surgical emergency",
    "Animals > 12 weeks require veterinarian supervision with full anaesthesia",
    "Wethers are at increased risk of urolithiasis — avoid very early castration (< 8 wks) when possible in pet goats",
    "Post-op: monitor for bleeding, infection, tetanus, and incomplete castration for 4–6 weeks",
  ];

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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  WRITE FILE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/castration-goats/Castration_in_Goats.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("✅ Presentation saved."))
  .catch(e => { console.error("Error:", e); process.exit(1); });

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/castration-goats/build.js'