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Chloasma is a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation due to increased melanocyte activity, primarily affecting sun-exposed areas such as the neck and face. While it does not directly impact physical health, chloasma can cause significant psychological and social distress Chloasma is a pigmentation disorder that mostly affects women's faces. The cheeks, forehead, chin, lips, and neck are the most common areas exposed to the sun, but other areas are not uncommon [1]. The main clinical manifestation of brown facial patches has a significant impact on the patient's appearance and quality of life [2]. It is a disfiguring dermatosis that affects a large number of people all over the world, and it is difficult to treat because the pathogenesis is still unknown [3]. Many studies have recently confirmed that contraceptive pills, ultraviolet radiation, genetic predisposition, and sex hormone levels are all strongly linked to the occurrence of chloasma. In addition, skin destruction, barrier vascular factors, and inflammatory factors all play a role in chloasma pathogenesis. Drug therapy, chemical peeling, and laser are the most commonly used treatment methods today. Despite the fact that there are numerous ways to treat chloasma, data obtained through general methods cannot reach the ideal state. Because of its recurrence, chloasma can cause complications like irritation, excessive pigmentation after inflammation, and excessive pigmentation after rebound, making it an unsolvable problem in the field of beauty, mask of pregnancy, is an irregular darkening of the central face that occurs in up to 75% of patients.Because it can worsen with sun exposure, patients should use broad-spectrum sunscreen and avoid prolonged periods in the sun. Melasma resolves postpartum in 90% of cases but can recur with future pregnancies and use of oral contraceptives. Postpartum treatment options include topical tretinoin, hydroquinone, and corticosteroids.2 A 2010 Cochrane review showed that products containing all three drugs are most effective., mask of pregnancy, is an irregular darkening of the central face that occurs in up to 75% of patients.2 Because it can worsen with sun exposure, patients should use broad-spectrum sunscreen and avoid prolonged periods in the sun. Melasma resolves postpartum in 90% of cases but can recur with future pregnancies and use of oral contraceptives. Postpartum treatment options include topical tretinoin, hydroquinone, and corticosteroids.2 A 2010 Cochrane review showed that products containing all three drugs are most effective.,Chloasma, also known as melasma, is one of the most common pigmentary changes observed during pregnancy. In the study by Lana Bezerra Fernandes and Waldemar Naves do Amaral, pigmentary alterations were reported in a significant proportion of pregnant women, with hyperpigmentation occurring in 87.95% of cases. Specifically, melasma was observed in 54.03% of pregnant women, making it one of the most prevalent skin changes. These pigmentary changes are largely attributed to hormonal influences, particularly increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and melanocyte-stimulating activity during pregnancy. The study findings are consistent with previous research, which indicates that melasma affects approximately 50–70% of pregnant women. rephrase these sentences and no sentence should;d be repeated

Chloasma, also known as melasma, is a hyperpigmentation disorder characterized by increased melanocyte activity, predominantly affecting sun-exposed regions such as the face and neck. Although it poses no direct threat to physical health, the condition can lead to considerable psychological and social burden.
Chloasma primarily manifests as a pigmentation disorder on the faces of women, with the cheeks, forehead, chin, lips, and neck being the most frequently involved areas, though other regions may also be affected. The hallmark clinical presentation — brown facial patches — can significantly compromise a patient's appearance and overall quality of life. As a disfiguring dermatosis with an incompletely understood pathogenesis, it affects millions of individuals worldwide and remains notoriously difficult to manage. Recent research has highlighted strong associations between chloasma and several contributing factors, including oral contraceptive use, ultraviolet radiation exposure, genetic predisposition, and fluctuations in sex hormone levels. Beyond these, skin barrier disruption, vascular involvement, and inflammatory mediators have also been implicated in its development. Current treatment approaches encompass pharmacological therapy, chemical peels, and laser procedures; however, outcomes from conventional methods frequently fall short of the desired results. The condition's tendency to recur — accompanied by complications such as irritation, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and rebound hyperpigmentation — renders it a persistent challenge in dermatology and aesthetic medicine.
Commonly referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," melasma presents as irregular darkening of the central face in up to 75% of affected patients. Sun exposure is known to aggravate the condition, making broad-spectrum sunscreen use and sun avoidance essential preventive measures. In the majority of cases — approximately 90% — melasma resolves spontaneously following delivery; however, it may recur with subsequent pregnancies or upon resumption of oral contraceptives. For persistent postpartum cases, treatment options include topical tretinoin, hydroquinone, and corticosteroids, with a 2010 Cochrane review establishing that a combination of all three agents yields the most favorable outcomes.
Chloasma ranks among the most frequently encountered pigmentary changes during pregnancy. In a study conducted by Fernandes and Naves do Amaral, hyperpigmentation was reported in 87.95% of pregnant participants, with melasma specifically observed in 54.03% of cases — establishing it as one of the most prevalent dermatological changes associated with pregnancy. These pigmentary alterations are primarily driven by hormonal shifts, particularly elevated levels of estrogen, progesterone, and enhanced melanocyte-stimulating activity. These findings align with broader literature, which estimates that melasma affects between 50% and 70% of pregnant women globally.
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