Here are the answers to all 9 visible questions (Q2-Q10) from your histology test:
Q2 - Which substances are contained in larger quantities in the plasmalemma?
Answer: 5 - Proteins
The cell membrane (plasmalemma) is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins making up ~50% of its mass - more than any other single component listed.
Q3 - Which type of neuron is characteristic only for the cerebral cortex?
Answer: 5 - Pyramidal
Pyramidal (Betz) cells are unique to the cerebral cortex and are not found elsewhere in the nervous system.
Q4 - Protein from which microfilaments of sarcomere I band are built?
Answer: 3 - Actin
The I band of a sarcomere contains only thin filaments, which are made of actin. The A band contains both actin and myosin; the H zone contains only myosin.
Q5 - Structures of which the pulmonary acinus consists:
Answer: 4 - Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
The pulmonary acinus is the functional gas-exchange unit beginning from the respiratory bronchiole and including alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
Q6 - In which organ do the very first blood cells appear?
Answer: 2 - Yolk sac
The earliest hematopoiesis (primitive hematopoiesis) occurs in the yolk sac (blood islands) starting around week 3 of embryonic development.
Q7 - Functions performed by interstitial Leydig cells:
Answer: 5 - Endocrine
Leydig cells in the testicular interstitium produce testosterone - they are classic endocrine cells responding to LH stimulation.
Q8 - Structures located in the wall of elastic arteries:
Answer: 5 - Elastic membranes
Elastic arteries (e.g., aorta) are characterized by numerous fenestrated elastic membranes/lamellae in their tunica media, which give them their compliance.
Q9 - Central organ of hematopoiesis:
Answer: 4 - Red bone marrow
Red bone marrow is the central (primary) organ of hematopoiesis in postnatal life, where all blood cell lineages are produced.
Q10 - Function of brown adipose tissue:
Answer: 5 - Thermoregulation
Brown adipose tissue generates heat through non-shivering thermogenesis via uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1/thermogenin) in its numerous mitochondria. It is especially important in newborns.Here are the answers to Q11-Q20:
Q11 - Which organs develop from dermatomes?
Answer: 5 - Skin
Dermatomes are the dorsolateral parts of somites that give rise to the dermis of the skin. Myotomes → muscles; sclerotomes → bones/cartilage.
Q12 - In which organ do lymphocytes form follicles in the cortex AND strands stretching toward the medulla?
Answer: 1 - Lymph node
The lymph node has lymphoid follicles in the cortex and medullary cords (strands of lymphocytes/plasma cells) extending into the medulla. This is the classic description of lymph node architecture.
Q13 - In which part of the nephron does fluid filtration from blood plasma take place?
Answer: 2 - Bowman's capsule
Primary filtration (ultrafiltration) of blood plasma occurs at the renal corpuscle - specifically across the glomerular filtration barrier into Bowman's (glomerular) capsule.
Q14 - What determines the nature of zygote cleavage?
Answer: 2 - Quantity and distribution of yolk
The amount and distribution of yolk (deutoplasm) in the egg directly determines the type of cleavage: holoblastic vs. meroblastic, equal vs. unequal.
Q15 - Elements of the tooth that develop from the dental papilla:
Answer: 2 - Odontoblasts and dental pulp
The dental papilla (mesenchymal origin) gives rise to odontoblasts (which produce dentin) and the dental pulp. The enamel organ gives rise to ameloblasts (enamel).
Q16 - Connective tissue cell involved in ground substance, fiber formation, wound healing, and scar tissue:
Answer: 1 or 3 - Fibroblast
(Both options 1 and 3 say "fibroblast" - this appears to be a duplicate in the test.) Fibroblasts synthesize collagen, elastin, and ground substance, and are the key cells in wound healing and scar formation.
Q17 - Structures of the tongue responsible for the sense of taste:
Answer: 5 - Taste buds
Taste buds (caliculi gustatorii) are the actual chemoreceptor organs located within the tongue papillae (mainly fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate). Papillae house the taste buds but are not themselves the taste receptors.
Q18 - Shape of eggs (oocytes):
Answer: 1 - Rounded
Eggs (oocytes/ova) are characteristically spherical/rounded in shape. This is one of the defining morphological features of female gametes.
Q19 - Which type of blastula is the bird blastula?
Answer: 1 - Discoblastula
Birds have telolecithal eggs (large amount of yolk) with meroblastic discoidal cleavage, resulting in a discoblastula - a disc-shaped blastula sitting on top of the yolk mass.
Q20 - Which hormone is synthesized by gonadotropocytes of the anterior pituitary?
Answer: 3 - Follitropin (FSH)
Gonadotropocytes (gonadotrophs) of the adenohypophysis produce both FSH (follitropin) and LH (lutropin). Of the options given, follitropin (FSH) is the correct answer, as somatotropin = somatotrophs, thyrotropin = thyrotrophs, melanotropin = intermediate lobe, prolactin = lactotrophs.
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