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Hyperkalemia, indication, symptoms sign and treatment in dialysis patients, create poster

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hyperkalemia ECG changes peaked T waves

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Hyperkalemia Dialysis Poster

Presentation · PPTX

What's on the poster

The single-slide clinical poster is organized into 3 columns on a dark navy background with a teal/amber/red color scheme:

Column 1 — Indications for Dialysis

  • K⁺ > 6.5 mEq/L, or K⁺ > 6.0 with ECG changes
  • AKI with hypercatabolism
  • Failure of medical therapy (insulin, calcium, binders)
  • Volume overload / uremic symptoms / acidosis
  • HD removes 25–50 mEq K⁺/session; dialysate K⁺ 0–2 mEq/L in severe cases
  • Fasting risk: >8–12 h fast → ↓ insulin → dangerous K⁺ shift — prevent with IV dextrose

Column 2 — Symptoms, Signs & ECG

  • Cardiac: palpitations, bradycardia, VF, arrest
  • Neuromuscular: weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure
  • GI: nausea, vomiting, ileus
  • Metabolic: Type IV RTA
  • Alert box: "Often clinically silent until life-threatening arrhythmia"
  • ECG progression table: Peaked T waves → ↓P waves → Wide QRS → Sine wave → VF
  • Harrison's ECG image embedded

Column 3 — Emergency Treatment (3-step protocol)

StepAction
Step 1IV Calcium Gluconate — membrane stabilization (onset <5 min)
Step 2Insulin + Dextrose, Salbutamol nebuliser, NaHCO₃ — shift K⁺ into cells
Step 3Hemodialysis (most rapid/definitive), patiromer/SZC binders, loop diuretics
Plus a K⁺ severity threshold bar at the bottom and monitoring reminders.
Sources: NKF Primer on Kidney Diseases 8e, Rosen's Emergency Medicine, Harrison's 21e, Brenner & Rector's The Kidney
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