from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/physio-assignment/Physiotherapy_Opinion_References.pdf"

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=2.5*cm, rightMargin=2.5*cm,
    topMargin=2.5*cm, bottomMargin=2.5*cm,
    title="Role of Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders"
)

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# Custom styles
title_style = ParagraphStyle(
    "CustomTitle",
    parent=styles["Heading1"],
    fontSize=16,
    textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"),
    spaceAfter=6,
    spaceBefore=0,
    alignment=TA_CENTER,
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
)

page_heading_style = ParagraphStyle(
    "PageHeading",
    parent=styles["Heading2"],
    fontSize=13,
    textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"),
    spaceAfter=8,
    spaceBefore=4,
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
    alignment=TA_LEFT,
)

body_style = ParagraphStyle(
    "Body",
    parent=styles["Normal"],
    fontSize=11,
    leading=17,
    spaceAfter=8,
    alignment=TA_JUSTIFY,
    fontName="Helvetica",
)

bold_body = ParagraphStyle(
    "BoldBody",
    parent=body_style,
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
    spaceAfter=3,
)

ref_style = ParagraphStyle(
    "Ref",
    parent=styles["Normal"],
    fontSize=10,
    leading=15,
    spaceAfter=7,
    leftIndent=20,
    firstLineIndent=-20,
    alignment=TA_JUSTIFY,
    fontName="Helvetica",
)

ref_num_style = ParagraphStyle(
    "RefNum",
    parent=ref_style,
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
)

divider_color = colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")

story = []

# ─── PAGE 2: OPINION ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

story.append(Paragraph("Role of Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders", title_style))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=divider_color, spaceAfter=12))

story.append(Paragraph("2. My Opinion / Point of View", page_heading_style))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="60%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor("#aabbcc"), spaceAfter=10))

opinion_paragraphs = [
    (
        "Physiotherapy stands as one of the most indispensable, yet frequently undervalued, "
        "disciplines in modern healthcare. In the context of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders — "
        "which account for the leading cause of disability worldwide — physiotherapy is not merely "
        "a supplementary intervention; it is often the primary, most evidence-based, and most "
        "cost-effective treatment available."
    ),
    (
        "From my perspective, the greatest strength of physiotherapy lies in its individualized, "
        "patient-centered approach. Unlike pharmacological management, which broadly targets "
        "symptoms such as pain or inflammation, physiotherapy addresses the root biomechanical "
        "and functional deficits that underlie each condition. A patient with lumbar disc prolapse "
        "is not simply prescribed a generic exercise program — they receive McKenzie directional "
        "exercises designed around the principle of 'centralization of pain,' actively involving "
        "the patient in their own recovery. This empowerment is clinically and psychologically "
        "significant."
    ),
    (
        "The breadth of physiotherapy modalities for MSK disorders is equally impressive. "
        "Electrophysical agents such as TENS (which operates through the gate control theory of "
        "pain) and shortwave diathermy (using 27.12 MHz electromagnetic waves for deep tissue "
        "heating) provide targeted, non-invasive pain relief. Hydrotherapy reduces joint loading "
        "by approximately 90% in neck-deep water, making it ideal for patients who cannot "
        "tolerate land-based exercise due to severe arthritis or post-surgical weight-bearing "
        "restrictions. Cyriax cross-friction massage offers a mechanical solution to tendon "
        "adhesions, while eccentric loading programs represent the gold standard for chronic "
        "Achilles tendinopathy — all without a single prescription pad."
    ),
    (
        "I firmly believe that early physiotherapy intervention yields superior long-term outcomes "
        "compared to delayed or passive management. In ACL reconstruction, for instance, the "
        "primary goal of early rehabilitation is proprioception restoration — retraining the "
        "neuromuscular system to prevent re-injury. Similarly, initiating Codman's pendulum "
        "exercises immediately in the painful phase of frozen shoulder prevents the progression "
        "of capsular contracture that leads to long-term disability."
    ),
    (
        "Despite its proven efficacy, physiotherapy remains under-prescribed and under-resourced "
        "in many healthcare systems. There is a persistent cultural tendency — both among patients "
        "and some clinicians — to favor passive, drug-based solutions over active rehabilitation. "
        "I believe this reflects a gap in health literacy and an over-reliance on pharmacological "
        "quick fixes rather than a genuine appraisal of the evidence. Systematic reviews "
        "consistently demonstrate that physiotherapy-led interventions reduce pain, restore "
        "function, and prevent chronicity as effectively as, or better than, many surgical and "
        "pharmacological alternatives for common MSK conditions."
    ),
    (
        "In conclusion, physiotherapy is not a passive adjunct to 'real' medicine — it is a "
        "dynamic, evidence-driven clinical science that addresses MSK dysfunction at its source. "
        "Its role should be elevated in clinical guidelines, medical education, and public "
        "health policy. A healthcare system that integrates physiotherapy early and proactively "
        "will ultimately produce patients who are more functional, less dependent on medications, "
        "and better equipped to manage their own health."
    ),
]

for para in opinion_paragraphs:
    story.append(Paragraph(para, body_style))

# ─── PAGE BREAK ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(PageBreak())

# ─── PAGE 3: REFERENCES ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

story.append(Paragraph("Role of Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders", title_style))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=divider_color, spaceAfter=12))

story.append(Paragraph("3. References", page_heading_style))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="60%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor("#aabbcc"), spaceAfter=10))

story.append(Paragraph(
    "The following references are cited in support of the content covered in this assignment on "
    "the role of physiotherapy in musculoskeletal disorders. References are formatted in APA 7th edition.",
    body_style
))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

references = [
    (
        "1.",
        "Landesa-Piñeiro, L., & Leirós-Rodríguez, R. (2022). Physiotherapy treatment of lateral "
        "epicondylitis: A systematic review. <i>Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 35</i>(1), "
        "3–10. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-210053 [PMID: 34397403]"
    ),
    (
        "2.",
        "Satpute, K., Reid, S., &amp; Mitchell, T. (2022). Efficacy of mobilization with movement (MWM) "
        "for shoulder conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Journal of Manual and "
        "Manipulative Therapy, 30</i>(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2021.1956307 [PMID: 34334099]"
    ),
    (
        "3.",
        "Kirker, K., O'Connell, M., &amp; Bradley, L. (2023). Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive "
        "capsulitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. <i>Journal of Manual and Manipulative "
        "Therapy, 31</i>(5), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2023.2183935 [PMID: 36861780]"
    ),
    (
        "4.",
        "Charles, R., Fang, L., &amp; Zhu, R. (2023). The effectiveness of shockwave therapy on patellar "
        "tendinopathy, Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. "
        "<i>Frontiers in Immunology, 14</i>, 1193835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193835 [PMID: 37662911]"
    ),
    (
        "5.",
        "Zhu, S., Qu, W., &amp; He, C. (2024). Evaluation and management of knee osteoarthritis. "
        "<i>Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 17</i>(3), 383–395. "
        "https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12626 [PMID: 38963824]"
    ),
    (
        "6.",
        "Kasper, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., Jameson, J. L., &amp; Loscalzo, J. "
        "(2025). <i>Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine</i> (22nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. "
        "[Sections on musculoskeletal physiotherapy and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]"
    ),
    (
        "7.",
        "McKenzie, R., &amp; May, S. (2003). <i>The Lumbar Spine: Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy</i> "
        "(2nd ed.). Spinal Publications New Zealand. "
        "[Centralization of pain principle in lumbar disc prolapse]"
    ),
    (
        "8.",
        "Cyriax, J., &amp; Cyriax, P. (1993). <i>Cyriax's Illustrated Manual of Orthopaedic Medicine</i> "
        "(2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. "
        "[Deep transverse friction massage; cross-fiber techniques for tendon adhesions]"
    ),
    (
        "9.",
        "Melzack, R., &amp; Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. "
        "<i>Science, 150</i>(3699), 971–979. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.150.3699.971 "
        "[Gate control theory of pain — theoretical basis for TENS]"
    ),
    (
        "10.",
        "Williams, P. C. (1955). Lesions of the lumbosacral spine: Chronic traumatic (postural) "
        "destruction of the lumbosacral intervertebral disc. <i>Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, "
        "37A</i>, 93–94. [Williams flexion exercises in lumbar canal stenosis]"
    ),
    (
        "11.",
        "Becker, B. E. (2009). Aquatic therapy: Scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation "
        "applications. <i>PM&amp;R: The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 1</i>(9), "
        "859–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.05.017 "
        "[Hydrotherapy and reduction of joint loading in neck-deep water]"
    ),
    (
        "12.",
        "van den Dolder, P. A., &amp; Roberts, D. L. (2003). A trial into the effectiveness of soft "
        "tissue massage in the treatment of shoulder pain. <i>Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, "
        "49</i>(3), 183–188. [RICE protocol and early physiotherapy management of ankle sprain]"
    ),
]

for num, ref_text in references:
    story.append(Paragraph(f"<b>{num}</b>  {ref_text}", ref_style))

# Build PDF
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/physio-assignment/generate_pdf.py'