The shoulder joint, also called the glenohumeral joint, is a synovial ball-and-socket joint. It is formed between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It permits the widest range of movement in the body, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction.

Its great mobility comes at the cost of stability. Stability is mainly maintained by the glenoid labrum, capsule, ligaments, and especially the rotator cuff muscles. Clinically, it is prone to anterior dislocation, commonly occurring when the arm is abducted and laterally rotated.

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