Give me list of rasa aushadhi in normal clinical use
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rasa aushadhi list clinical use Ayurveda mercury mineral preparations
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rasa aushadhi complete list clinical use Ayurveda navaratna shweta parpati makaradhwaja
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Based on the research gathered, here is a comprehensive list of Rasa Aushadhi in normal clinical use:
Rasa Aushadhi in Normal Clinical Use
Rasa Aushadhi (also spelled Rasaushadhi) refers to Ayurvedic preparations made from metals, minerals, gemstones, and mercury compounds, processed through specific purification (Shodhana) and incineration (Marana) techniques. "Rasa" primarily means mercury (Parada), and these are used in very small doses.
Classification by Preparation Method
1. Kharaliya (Khalviya) Rasayana
Prepared by trituration in a mortar with liquid media. No heat involved.
| Preparation | Main Ingredients | Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Kajjali | Mercury + Sulphur | Base for most Rasa preparations; skin diseases, chronic infections |
| Gandhaka Rasayana | Purified sulphur | Skin disorders (kushtha), itching, infections, chronic fever |
| Ananda Bhairava Rasa | Kajjali + herbs | Fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, common cold |
| Hinguleswara Rasa | Kajjali + Hingula + herbs | Cough, asthma, fever |
| Chandrakala Rasa | Kajjali + silver + herbs | Bleeding disorders, rakta pitta, burning sensations |
| Sootashekhara Rasa | Kajjali + herbs | Hyperacidity (amlapitta), peptic ulcer, vomiting |
| Pravalapanchamruta | Coral calcium + herbs | Hyperacidity, respiratory disorders, cough |
2. Parpati Rasayana
Thin flake-like preparations made by melting kajjali on a banana leaf. Given before food.
| Preparation | Main Ingredients | Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Rasa Parpati | Mercury + Sulphur | Chronic GI disorders, malabsorption, IBS |
| Panchamruta Parpati | Mercury + Sulphur + Loha bhasma + Abhrak + Tamra | Chronic liver disease, splenomegaly, anaemia |
| Loha Parpati | Mercury + Sulphur + Iron bhasma | Anaemia, liver disorders |
| Swarna Parpati | Mercury + Gold + Sulphur | Chronic fever, tuberculosis, debility |
| Shweta Parpati | Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) | Urinary disorders, urinary calculi, dyspepsia - no mercury |
3. Kupipakwa Rasayana
Prepared by heating in a sealed glass bottle (Kupi). Most potent category.
| Preparation | Main Ingredients | Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Makaradhwaja (Sidh Makardhwaj) | Mercury + Gold + Sulphur (1:8:24) | Debility, rheumatoid arthritis, neurological disorders, rejuvenation (Rasayana), loss of libido |
| Rasa Sindura | Mercury + Sulphur (red HgS) | Debility, chronic fever, tonic, aphrodisiac |
| Tamra Sindura | Mercury + Copper + Sulphur | Liver disorders, skin diseases |
| Shweta Sindura (Bis Sindura) | Mercury + Lead | Skin disorders, vitiligo |
| Hemgarbha Pottali | Gold + Mercury | Rejuvenation, chronic diseases |
4. Pottali Rasayana
Tightly tied in cloth and processed with heat. Used in very minute doses.
| Preparation | Main Ingredients | Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Hemagarbha Pottali | Gold + Mercury | Chronic diseases, rasayana |
| Vasanta Kusumakara Rasa | Gold, Silver, Mercury, Pearl + herbs | Diabetes (prameha), urinary disorders, rejuvenation |
| Brihat Vata Chintamani | Gold, Silver, Iron, Pearl, Coral | Neurological disorders, paralysis, hemiplegia |
Bhasma (Calcined Metal/Mineral Preparations)
Bhasma are classified under Rasa Aushadhi. These are nano-particle metallic oxides formed after repeated incineration.
| Bhasma | Metal/Mineral | Common Clinical Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Swarna (Gold) Bhasma | Gold | Neurological disorders, debility, tuberculosis, diabetes, rejuvenation |
| Rajata (Silver) Bhasma | Silver | Neurological disorders, burning sensations, debility |
| Tamra (Copper) Bhasma | Copper | Liver disorders, anaemia, skin diseases, obesity |
| Loha (Iron) Bhasma | Iron | Anaemia, liver disorders, diabetes, skin diseases |
| Naga (Lead) Bhasma | Lead | Skin diseases, diabetes, urinary disorders |
| Vanga (Tin) Bhasma | Tin | Urinary disorders (prameha), skin diseases, worm infestation |
| Yashada (Zinc) Bhasma | Zinc | Skin diseases, eye disorders, diabetes |
| Abhrak (Mica) Bhasma | Mica (Biotite) | Chronic respiratory disorders, tuberculosis, anaemia, rasayana |
| Mandura (Iron Oxide) Bhasma | Iron oxide | Anaemia, liver disorders, oedema |
| Pravala (Coral) Bhasma | Coral (Calcium carbonate) | Hyperacidity, cough, bleeding disorders, calcium deficiency |
| Mukta (Pearl) Bhasma | Pearl | Anxiety, burning sensation, hyperacidity, eye disorders |
| Shankha (Conch) Bhasma | Conch shell | Digestive disorders, hyperacidity, IBS |
| Kaparda (Cowrie) Bhasma | Cowrie shell | Digestive disorders, rickets |
Parada (Mercury) Compounds
| Preparation | Chemical form | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Parada Bhasma | Mercuric sulphide | Chronic diseases, debility |
| Hingula / Shingraf | Red HgS (Cinnabar) | Skin diseases, nervous disorders - starting material |
| Kajjali | Black HgS | Base for almost all Rasa preparations |
Key Characteristics of Rasa Aushadhi
- Alpamatra - effective in very small doses (typically 30-125 mg)
- Aruchiraprasanga - tasteless, so easy to administer
- Kshipra Arogyadayi - fast acting compared to herbal drugs
- Nano-particle size (5-50 nm) after processing - enables rapid absorption through oral mucosa
- Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration) are mandatory processing steps to detoxify and convert metals into therapeutic forms
- Anupana (vehicle/adjuvant) is critical - honey, ghee, milk, or specific herbal decoctions carry the medicine and direct its action
Important Clinical Notes
- Rasa Aushadhi must be prescribed only by a qualified Ayurvedic physician (Vaidya)
- Dose must be strictly followed per classical texts - the margin between therapeutic and toxic dose is narrow
- The Anupana (vehicle) determines the organ/system of action
- These preparations are not FDA-approved and regulatory status varies by country
- Heavy metal toxicity is a documented concern if improperly processed or incorrectly dosed - published safety concerns in PMC literature exist, though proponents argue that proper Shodhana/Marana transforms the toxicity profile
Sources: Rasa Tarangini (Sadananda Sharma), Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Rasaratna Samucchaya; supplemented by peer-reviewed literature on Rasashastra preparations.
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