TOPIC: HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL Part – B: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. What are the different hand hygiene methods used? Explain in detail about the steps of hand hygiene methods and the products used. What are the five moments of hand hygiene according to WHO. 2. What are the major types of HAIs? Define Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI). Describe the etiopathogenesis, risk factors, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of CAUTI. 3. Describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). 4. Define sterilisation and disinfection. Describe the principle, uses, advantages and disadvantages of Steam Steriliser (Autoclave) with the help of a neat labelled diagram. 5. How do you classify chemical sterilants? Discuss their application in healthcare settings. 6. Define Biomedical Waste. How do you segregate biomedical waste into different categories? Mention the different treatment and disposal methods. 7. Define Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (AMSP). What is the need for AMSP in a healthcare setting? Discuss the strategies of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. --- Part – C: SHORT STRUCTURED QUESTIONS 1. Define Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI). What are the sources of HAIs? Mention the factors affecting HAIs. What are the organisms implicated in HAIs? 2. Mention the different modes of transmission of HAIs. Mention the standard precautions followed to prevent HAIs. How do you manage a blood spill? 3. Mention the various Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. What are the steps of donning and doffing? What are the precautions to be followed while doffing PPE? 4. Which are the agents transmitted through contact? Discuss the infection control measures to be followed while handling such patients. 5. Which are the agents transmitted through droplets? Discuss the infection control measures to be followed while giving care to such patients. 6. Which are the agents transmitted through aerosols? Discuss the infection control measures to be followed while giving care to a patient with Tuberculosis. 7. Discuss the constitution and functions of the Hospital Infection Control Committee (HICC). 8. Describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection (CRBSI). 9. Describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Surgical Site Infections (SSI). 10. Discuss the Care Bundle approach for prevention of Device Associated Infections. 11. Mention the objectives of HAI Surveillance. What are the methods of conducting HAI surveillance? 12. Explain the principle and uses of Plasma Sterilization. 13. Explain the functioning of a Hot Air Oven. Mention its uses, advantages and disadvantages. 14. Discuss Spaulding’s classification of medical devices with examples. 15. Describe the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD). 16. Discuss different types of indicators used to test the efficacy of sterilization. Mention the tests used to test the efficacy of chemical disinfectants. 17. Discuss disinfection of the operation theatre. Add a note on membrane filters. 18. Which are the agents transmitted by Needle Stick Injury? What are the precautions to be followed while handling needles? Mention the steps of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). 19. Discuss PEP for HIV. 20. Discuss PEP for Hepatitis B. 21. How do you monitor compliance with the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program? Define DDT and DOT. 22. Discuss the Escalation and De-escalation approach of prescribing antimicrobials. Add a note on Hospital Antibiogram. 23. Classify microbial contamination of water. Mention different methods used for surveillance of water. Explain the Eijkman test. 24. Explain the evaluation of quality of air in the Operation Theatre. Give the answers from standard microbiology textbook of mbbs
Summary of Coverage
PART B - Modified Essay Questions (All 7 answered):
- Hand Hygiene - 3 methods (soap/water, ABHR, surgical scrub), WHO 6-step technique, products with mechanisms, WHO 5 Moments
- HAIs + CAUTI - Types, definition, etiopathogenesis (biofilm, extraluminal/intraluminal routes), risk factors, lab diagnosis (urine culture ≥10³ CFU/mL), treatment
- VAP - Pathogenesis (3-factor model), risk factors, organisms (MDR table), lab diagnosis (BAL ≥10⁴ CFU/mL, PSB ≥10³ CFU/mL), treatment, prevention bundle
- Sterilisation + Autoclave - Definitions, principle (moist heat under pressure), parameters (121°C/15psi/15-20min), labelled diagram, uses/advantages/disadvantages
- Chemical Sterilants - Classification (high/intermediate/low level; gaseous), agents, mechanisms, healthcare applications
- Biomedical Waste - Definition, BMW Rules 2016, colour-coded segregation table, all treatment/disposal methods
- AMSP - Definition, need (resistance, cost, ADRs), CDC 7 core elements, all strategies (pre-authorization, PAF, de-escalation, monitoring)
PART C - Short Structured Questions (All 17 answered):
- HAI definition, sources, factors, organisms
- Modes of transmission, standard precautions, blood spill management
- PPE types, donning and doffing steps, precautions
- Contact-transmitted agents + infection control
- Droplet-transmitted agents + infection control
- Airborne agents + TB-specific infection control (administrative/environmental/personal)
- HICC constitution and functions
- CRBSI - complete answer
- SSI - complete answer
- Care bundles (CLABSI, CAUTI, VAP)
- HAI surveillance objectives and methods
- Plasma sterilization (STERRAD) principle and uses
- Hot air oven functioning, uses, advantages/disadvantages
- Spaulding's classification with examples
- CSSD - definition, layout, zones, functions, monitoring
- Sterilization indicators (Class 1-6 + BIs) + chemical disinfectant tests
- OT disinfection + membrane filters 18-20. NSI agents, needle precautions, PEP (general, HIV, HBV)
- AMSP compliance monitoring, DDD and DOT definitions
- Escalation/de-escalation + hospital antibiogram
- Water contamination classification, surveillance methods, Eijkman test
- OT air quality evaluation - methods, criteria, organisms, frequency
Where are the answers
PART B — Modified Essay Questions
| Q | Topic | Location in response |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hand Hygiene methods, steps, products, WHO 5 Moments | Under "B-1. Hand Hygiene..." |
| 2 | HAI types, CAUTI definition, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, lab dx, treatment | Under "B-2. Major Types of HAIs, CAUTI..." |
| 3 | VAP risk factors, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, treatment | Under "B-3. VAP..." |
| 4 | Sterilisation & disinfection definitions, Autoclave (principle, diagram, uses, adv/disadv) | Under "B-4. Sterilisation and Disinfection..." |
| 5 | Chemical sterilants classification + healthcare applications | Under "B-5. Classification of Chemical Sterilants..." |
| 6 | Biomedical waste definition, segregation (colour-coded table), treatment/disposal | Under "B-6. Biomedical Waste..." |
| 7 | AMSP definition, need, strategies (all CDC core elements) | Under "B-7. Antimicrobial Stewardship Program..." |
PART C — Short Structured Questions
| Q | Topic |
|---|---|
| C-1 | HAI definition, sources, factors, organisms |
| C-2 | Modes of transmission, standard precautions, blood spill management |
| C-3 | PPE types, donning, doffing steps + precautions |
| C-4 | Contact-transmitted agents + infection control |
| C-5 | Droplet-transmitted agents + infection control |
| C-6 | Airborne agents + TB infection control |
| C-7 | HICC constitution and functions |
| C-8 | CRBSI - risk factors, pathogenesis, lab dx, treatment |
| C-9 | SSI - risk factors, pathogenesis, lab dx, treatment |
| C-10 | Care Bundle approach (CLABSI, CAUTI, VAP bundles) |
| C-11 | HAI surveillance objectives and methods |
| C-12 | Plasma sterilization principle and uses |
| C-13 | Hot air oven functioning, uses, advantages, disadvantages |
| C-14 | Spaulding's classification with examples |
| C-15 | CSSD layout, functions, monitoring |
| C-16 | Sterilization indicators (Class 1-6 + BIs) + disinfectant tests |
| C-17 | OT disinfection + membrane filters |
| C-18 | NSI agents, needle precautions, PEP steps |
| C-19 | PEP for HIV |
| C-20 | PEP for Hepatitis B |
| C-21 | AMSP compliance monitoring + DDD and DOT definitions |
| C-22 | Escalation/de-escalation + Hospital Antibiogram |
| C-23 | Water contamination, surveillance methods, Eijkman test |
| C-24 | OT air quality evaluation |
Give pdf of answers from b1 to b7
Hospital Infection Control B1 to B7
PDF Document · PDF
| Question | Topic |
|---|---|
| B1 | Hand hygiene methods, WHO 6-step technique, products table, WHO 5 Moments |
| B2 | HAI types table, CAUTI definition, etiopathogenesis (biofilm, routes), risk factors, lab diagnosis, treatment table |
| B3 | VAP definition, organisms table, risk factors, 3-factor pathogenesis, lab methods table, treatment, prevention bundle |
| B4 | Definitions (sterilisation, disinfection, antisepsis), autoclave principle, parameters table, labelled component diagram, uses, advantages & disadvantages |
| B5 | Chemical sterilants classification (high/intermediate/low/gaseous), mechanisms, applications table |
| B6 | BMW definition, BMW Rules 2016, full colour-coded segregation table, all 6 treatment/disposal methods |
| B7 | AMSP definition, 6 reasons for need, CDC 7 core elements table, all interventional strategies (preauthorisation, PAF, de-escalation, dose optimisation, IV-PO switch) |