What does it mean

What does it mean

Reading File

This is a 2D Echocardiography (Echo) Report for Mr. Sudhangshu Dutta, 68-year-old male, done on 17/04/2026. Here's what everything means in plain language:

Patient Context

S/P CABG — The patient has previously undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (open-heart bypass surgery). This echo is a follow-up.

Key Measurements

Measurement	Value	What it means
EF (Ejection Fraction)	45%	The heart pumps out 45% of its blood with each beat. Normal is ≥55%. This is mildly reduced — the heart isn't pumping as strongly as it should.
IVS (D)	12mm	Interventricular septum (wall between heart chambers) is slightly thickened — contributing to mild LVH
Aorta / LA	34mm / 38mm	Both within normal limits

Valves

Mitral valve: Normal
Aortic valve: Sclerotic (age-related stiffening/calcification) but leaflets still move normally — no significant blockage
Tricuspid & Pulmonary valves: Normal
MR (Mitral Regurgitation): Trivial — a tiny, insignificant leak
AR (Aortic Regurgitation): Trivial — similarly insignificant

Key Findings Explained

🔴 Most Important Finding: Regional Wall Motion Abnormality

Basal and mid inferior septum + basal and mid inferior wall are partially thinned and hypokinetic

This means parts of the heart muscle at the bottom/back wall are:

Thinned — scarred from a previous heart attack (old myocardial infarction)
Hypokinetic — moving weakly / not contracting properly

This is a direct consequence of the coronary artery disease that led to bypass surgery.

🟡 Mild LV Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF 45%)

The left ventricle (main pumping chamber) is functioning mildly below normal. This is related to the wall motion abnormality above.

🟡 Mild Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Mild PAH)

TR-Mild, PASP 38 mmHg — The tricuspid valve has a mild leak, and using that, the pressure in the pulmonary artery (lungs' blood vessels) is estimated at 38 mmHg
Normal PASP is <35 mmHg, so this is mildly elevated
Mild PAH can be a downstream effect of reduced heart function

🟢 Reassuring Findings

No clot / thrombus — no blood clots inside the heart (important after bypass surgery)
No effusion — no fluid around the heart
No vegetation — no sign of infection on the valves
Normal diastolic function — the heart relaxes normally
Normal RV function — the right side of the heart is working well
Sinus rhythm, HR 63 bpm — normal, regular heartbeat
IVC 13mm, collapsing — right atrial pressure is normal; no volume overload
Normal chamber sizes — heart is not dilated/enlarged
Septae intact — no holes in the heart

Summary in Simple Terms

This 68-year-old man who had bypass surgery shows:

Mild heart weakness (EF 45%) due to old heart attack damage in the inferior (lower) wall
Mild thickening of the heart wall (LVH) — common in older patients, often from high blood pressure
Mildly elevated lung artery pressure (Mild PAH)
No new serious problems — no clots, no fluid, no infection, valves working acceptably

This report does not indicate an emergency, but the findings (reduced EF, wall motion abnormality, mild PAH) are important for the treating cardiologist to monitor and manage — typically with medications to protect heart function (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers) and regular follow-up echos.

Important: Please share this report with the referring doctor (Dr. Ayaprasad V) for proper interpretation in context of the patient's symptoms and other tests.

What does it mean

This is a Spine MRI / Screening Report for Mr. Sudanhu Dutta, 67-year-old male, dated 16 Apr 2026. Here's a plain-language breakdown:

What Was Scanned

The entire spine was screened — cervical (neck), thoracic/dorsal (mid-back), and lumbar (lower back).

Finding-by-Finding Explanation

✅ Reassuring Findings

Alignment is maintained — the spine is not crooked or misaligned
Vertebral body heights are preserved — no collapsed or crushed vertebrae (no fractures)
Thoracic cord is normal — the spinal cord itself in the mid-back is unaffected

🟡 Degenerative (Age/Wear-related) Changes

1. Marginal Osteophytes at Multiple Levels

Bony spurs (extra bone growths) have formed along the edges of multiple vertebrae. This is a classic sign of wear and tear / arthritis of the spine. Very common in people over 60.

2. Desiccatory Changes in Multiple Intervertebral Discs

The cushioning discs between the vertebrae have dried out and lost water content. Healthy discs are plump and hydrated; desiccated discs are flatter and less shock-absorbing. This is the root cause of most of the other findings.

3. Posterior Disc Bulges at D8/9, D10/11, D11/12 (Thoracic Spine)

At three levels in the mid-back, the dried-out discs are bulging backwards and pressing against the thecal sac (the protective fluid-filled membrane surrounding the spinal cord). The cord itself is stated to be normal, so no nerve damage at these levels currently.

The Main Impression (Most Important)

🔴 Multilevel Degenerative Disc Disease — Lumbar Spine (L2 to S1)

Disc bulges at L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 causing neural foraminal narrowing and nerve root indentation

This is the most significant finding. Four consecutive levels in the lower back have bulging discs that are:

Narrowing the neural foramina — the small tunnels through which spinal nerves exit the spine
Indenting nerve roots — physically pressing on the nerves

This can cause symptoms like:

Lower back pain
Pain, numbness, or tingling radiating down the legs (sciatica)
Weakness in the legs in severe cases

🟡 Cervical & Thoracic Degenerative Changes with Multiple Disc Bulges

Similar wear-and-tear disc bulges are present in the neck and mid-back as well, though these are described without specifying nerve compression at those levels.

🟡 Straightening of Cervical Lordosis

The neck normally has a gentle inward curve (lordosis). This curve has straightened out, which is often caused by:

Muscle spasm from pain or injury
Long-term poor posture (e.g., looking down at screens)
Degenerative changes This can contribute to neck pain and stiffness.

Summary in Simple Terms

Mr. Dutta has widespread age-related spine degeneration across all three sections of his spine. The most clinically significant problem is in the lower back (lumbar spine), where multiple bulging discs are pressing on nerve roots — this is likely causing back pain and possibly leg pain/numbness. There are also bulging discs in the mid-back pressing on the spinal canal lining, and the neck has lost its normal curve.

What the Doctor Advises

Clinical correlation — the radiologist recommends the treating doctor assess which findings are actually causing symptoms
Physiotherapy — exercises to strengthen the back and improve posture
Pain management consultation — if symptoms persist, specialist pain management may be needed

This report should be discussed with the referring doctor (Dr. Sandesh Gowda) who can correlate it with the patient's symptoms and decide on the next steps — which may include physiotherapy, medications, or further specialist evaluation.

This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.