1. (a) Draw and label different parts of a nephron. (b) Write down the peculiarities of renal circulation with their significance. 2. (a) What are the components of Juxtaglomerular apparatus and give its functions. (b) How does auto regulation works to maintain GFR in volume depletion state. 3. (a) Define plasma load and Tubular transport maximum. (b) Describe about reabsorption of water (H20) from renal tubules. 4. (a) Name the hormones regulating plasma Ca++ level. Mention their contribution in calcium homeostasis in plasma. 1+1.5 (b) What is tetany? Name some features of carpopedal syndrome. 1+1.5 1+2 2 1 2 2 1+1 3 2 OR 5. (a) What is ovulation? State the mechanism of ovulation. (b) What are the indicators of ovulation? 6. A 40 years old female patient presented with weight loss in spite of good appetite, heat intolerance, sweating and palpitation for last six months. She had history of Rheumatoid Arthritis for last 15 years. On examination, she had protrusion of eyeballs. Her blood pressure was 150/50 mm Hg and pulse 120 beats/min. Investigation report found auto-antibody. (a) What was the most likely diagnosis? (b) Explain the reason of her heat intolerance. (c) Explain the reason of her sweating. 7. (a) What is spermatogenesis? Mention the location of spermatogenesis. (b) Write down the steps of spermatogenesis. (c) List the hormones that regulate spermatogenesis. (d) Write the functions of testosterone. 2 2+1 1+2 2 1+1 3 (a) Name the hormones of pancreas with their chemical nature. 2 (b) State the mechanism of action of insulin hormone. 3 (c) Mention the functions of insulin. 3 (d) List the causes of insulin resistance.