Anatomical Dissection: This clinical photograph provides a posterior view of a dissected left human shoulder, focusing on the rotator cuff complex. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles are reflected laterally to reveal the underlying humeral head and its capsule. A curved red line overlay highlights the rotator cable, a thick fibrous band that spans the avascular zone of the rotator cuff. The infraspinatus muscle is further subdivided with labels 'Sup.' and 'Inf.', representing the superior and inferior portions of the muscle, respectively. The image demonstrates the varying degrees of adherence between the infraspinatus and the rotator cable, illustrating the functional anatomy of the shoulder's capsuloligamentous structures. This material is useful for studying musculoskeletal anatomy, specifically the insertions of the rotator cuff and the biomechanical role of the rotator cable in distributing forces across the shoulder joint.

This oblique-sagittal T2 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) MRI scan demonstrates the musculoskeletal anatomy of the shoulder in a glenoid face view, specifically for assessing the cross-sectional area of the rotator cuff muscles. The image features color-coded annotations outlining the muscular boundaries: the supraspinatus (SSP) is outlined in yellow in the superior position; the subscapularis (SSC) is traced in blue anteriorly; and the infraspinatus combined with the teres minor (ISP+TM) is outlined in green in the posterior-inferior quadrant. The musculature appears as intermediate to dark gray signal intensity, allowing for the evaluation of muscle volume and potential fatty infiltration or atrophy. This imaging view is clinically significant for orthopedic evaluation and preoperative planning in cases of rotator cuff tears or shoulder instability, providing a clear visualization of the muscular support surrounding the glenohumeral joint.

This diagnostic image is a T1-weighted oblique sagittal MRI of the shoulder, specifically at the level where the scapular spine is continuous with the scapular body, forming a characteristic 'Y' shape. The image demonstrates the cross-sectional anatomy of the rotator cuff muscles. Fat is visualized with high signal intensity (bright white), while the muscle tissue shows intermediate signal intensity (gray). A white dotted line is used as an annotation to trace the area of the supraspinatus muscle belly within the supraspinatus fossa. This specific slice and tracing method are clinically relevant for assessing muscular trophism and fatty infiltration, often utilized in the evaluation of rotator cuff tears and postoperative recovery. Key visible structures include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles, providing a clear view for volumetric and qualitative analysis of muscle mass.

This composite of four clinical cadaveric photographs (A–D) illustrates the anatomy of the human shoulder joint, focusing on the insertions of the rotator cuff muscles and the articular capsule. The images use black dotted lines to delineate footprint locations and arrows to indicate specific ligamentous connections. (A) Anterior aspect: Displays the subscapularis (SSC) insertion on the lesser tubercle and its superior relationship to the coracohumeral ligament (red arrow) and coracoid process (CP). (B) Posterior aspect: Highlights the sequential insertions of the supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP), and teres minor (TMi) along the greater tubercle of the humerus. (C) Superior aspect: Provides a bird's-eye view of the SSP and ISP footprints, emphasizing their anteroposterior orientation atop the humeral head. (D) Inferior aspect: Demonstrates the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii (TRI) at the infraglenoid tubercle and its proximity to the inferior articular capsule. These views collectively demonstrate the footprint morphology and spatial relationships critical for orthopedic surgery and rotator cuff repair.

A series of six clinical photographs in black and white, capturing a posterior view of a human subject to demonstrate scapular kinematics during shoulder abduction. The sequence displays progressive bilateral arm abduction in the frontal plane at standardized intervals: 0 degrees (pendant position), 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, and maximum abduction (approximately 170-180 degrees). Anatomical surface markers are visible on the subject's back, specifically positioned at the superior and inferior angles of the scapulae to facilitate biophotogrammetry analysis. The images illustrate the scapulohumeral rhythm, showing the upward and lateral rotation of the scapula as the humerus is elevated. This clinical imaging series is typical for orthopedic or physical therapy assessments of scapular dyskinesis, shoulder range of motion, and biomechanical studies of the shoulder complex.

This composite diagnostic image features four clips from dynamic digital radiography (DDR) of the right shoulder, illustrating scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR). Images A and B show preoperative states at minimal and maximal humeral abduction, while C and D show the same intervals postoperatively. The images demonstrate the relationship between the humerus, scapula, and thorax. Yellow lines annotate the humerothoracic angle, while red lines represent the scapulothoracic angle measurement zones. In the preoperative sequence (A-B), there is significant humeral abduction but minimal change in the scapulothoracic angle, indicative of serratus anterior palsy and dysfunctional kinematics. In the postoperative sequence (C-D), following a pectoralis major transfer, there is a visible increase in scapular rotation accompanying humeral abduction. This visual comparison highlights the restoration of coordinated scapular movement and a normalized scapulohumeral rhythm. Key anatomical landmarks include the humeral head, glenoid cavity, coracoid process, and rib cage.

This medical illustration presents a comparative sequence of three panels demonstrating modified scapulohumeral rhythm in a patient with a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The diagram shows the rib cage, scapula, and humerus during progressive arm elevation: at rest, at approximately 45 degrees, and at 90 degrees of abduction. Visible prosthetic components include a convex glenosphere mounted on the scapula and a corresponding concave humeral liner. A dashed line overlay indicates the native scapular position for comparison. The illustration highlights the biomechanical shift where, in rTSA, the scapula undergoes greater upward rotation relative to the humerus to compensate for altered joint mechanics and rotator cuff insufficiency. This increased scapular contribution is shown as a compensatory mechanism to achieve functional range of motion, providing a visual explanation of how prosthetic design influences dynamic musculoskeletal kinematics in orthopedic rehabilitation.