Cases Seen in Orthopedic OPD

1. Trauma & Fractures

• Fractures (closed and open) - of clavicle, humerus, radius/ulna, femur, tibia/fibula, metacarpals, phalanges
• Dislocations - shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, finger joints
• Fracture-dislocations (e.g., Monteggia, Galeazzi, perilunate)
• Stress fractures
• Pathological fractures
• Avulsion fractures
• Ligament sprains (ankle, knee, wrist)
• Tendon injuries (Achilles rupture, rotator cuff tear, quadriceps/patella tendon)

2. Upper Extremity

• Rotator cuff syndrome / impingement syndrome
• Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
• Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) / Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• De Quervain's tenosynovitis
• Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis)
• Ganglion cysts (wrist, hand)
• Bicipital tendinitis
• Acromioclavicular joint injuries

3. Lower Extremity

• Knee osteoarthritis
• Meniscal tears
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) / posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Pes planus (flat foot) / Pes cavus
• Hallux valgus (bunion)
• Plantar fasciitis
• Calcaneal spur
• Achilles tendinopathy
• Ankle instability

4. Hip

• Hip osteoarthritis
• Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis) of the femoral head
• Greater trochanteric bursitis
• Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) - in adolescents
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease - in children

5. Spine

• Low back pain (mechanical, discogenic)
• Lumbar disc herniation / prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD)
• Cervical spondylosis / cervical radiculopathy
• Lumbar spondylosis
• Lumbar canal stenosis
• Spondylolisthesis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Kyphosis / Scoliosis
• Vertebral compression fractures (osteoporotic)
• Torticollis

6. Bone & Joint Infections

• Septic arthritis
• Osteomyelitis (acute and chronic)
• Tuberculosis of bone and joint (spinal TB - Pott's disease, TB hip, TB knee)
• Pyogenic arthritis

7. Arthritis & Metabolic

• Osteoarthritis (knee, hip, shoulder, hand)
• Rheumatoid arthritis with joint deformities
• Gout / Pseudogout (crystal deposition disease)
• Osteoporosis with fragility fractures
• Rickets / Osteomalacia

8. Tumors (Bone & Soft Tissue)

• Osteochondroma
• Enchondroma
• Giant cell tumor (GCT)
• Osteosarcoma (referral / follow-up)
• Ewing's sarcoma (referral / follow-up)
• Metastatic bone disease
• Lipoma, soft tissue sarcomas

9. Pediatric Orthopedics

• Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV / clubfoot)
• Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
• Perthes disease
• SCFE
• Cerebral palsy with orthopedic complications
• Limb length discrepancy
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Bone dysplasias

10. Neuromuscular

• Foot drop (peroneal nerve palsy)
• Wrist drop (radial nerve palsy)
• Brachial plexus injuries
• Peripheral nerve entrapments
• Compartment syndrome (post-fracture follow-up)
• Volkmann's ischemic contracture

11. Post-Operative / Implant-Related

• Implant removal
• Wound check / suture removal
• Post-arthroplasty follow-up (THR, TKR)
• Implant failure / loosening
• Non-union / malunion of fractures
• Delayed union