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femoral triangle anatomy boundaries contents floor BAMS
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Here is a complete explanation of the Femoral Triangle for your BAMS anatomy:
Femoral Triangle
The femoral triangle is a wedge-shaped (triangular) depression in the upper anterior thigh, at the junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb.
Boundaries
| Boundary | Structure |
|---|---|
| Base (Superior) | Inguinal ligament |
| Lateral border | Medial margin of Sartorius muscle |
| Medial border | Medial margin of Adductor Longus muscle |
| Apex | Where sartorius crosses adductor longus (points inferiorly) |
Floor (from lateral to medial)
The floor is formed by 3 muscles:
- Iliopsoas (lateral part)
- Pectineus (middle)
- Adductor Longus (medial part)
Mnemonic: "I Pee Always" - Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Adductor longus
Roof
- Fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)
- Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Contents (lateral to medial)
Remember with the mnemonic NAVY (lateral to medial):
| Letter | Structure |
|---|---|
| N | Femoral Nerve |
| A | Femoral Artery |
| V | Femoral Vein |
| Y | Y-fronts (Lymphatics / Femoral canal) |
Important: The femoral nerve is outside the femoral sheath. The artery, vein, and lymphatics are enclosed within the femoral sheath.
Femoral Sheath
The femoral sheath is a funnel-shaped fascial sleeve enclosing the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics in 3 compartments:
- Lateral - Femoral artery
- Middle - Femoral vein
- Medial - Femoral canal (lymphatics) -- this is the site of femoral hernias
Continuation
The apex of the femoral triangle is continuous with the Adductor Canal (Hunter's canal), which carries the femoral vessels down the thigh. The femoral artery and vein pass through the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus to become the popliteal vessels behind the knee.
Clinical Importance
- Femoral pulse can be palpated just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament (midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis) - this point is called the mid-inguinal point
- Site for femoral artery cannulation and angiography
- Femoral hernia occurs through the femoral canal (medial compartment of femoral sheath) - more common in females
- Femoral nerve block can be performed here for lower limb analgesia
Source: Gray's Anatomy for Students, p. 675
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