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Type of epilepsy

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epilepsy classification

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ILAE 2025 epilepsy seizure classification focal generalized unknown onset

Epilepsy types are classified by the ILAE as:
  1. Focal epilepsy
    Seizures begin in one area or network of one side of the brain.
    Examples: temporal lobe epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy.
  2. Generalized epilepsy
    Seizures involve networks on both sides of the brain from the beginning.
    Examples: childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
  3. Combined generalized and focal epilepsy
    A person has both focal and generalized seizure types.
    Example: Dravet syndrome.
  4. Unknown epilepsy
    Used when it cannot yet be determined whether seizures are focal or generalized.
Epilepsy may also be described by its cause (etiology):
  • Structural
  • Genetic
  • Infectious
  • Metabolic
  • Immune
  • Unknown cause
Do not confuse this with seizure classification. The updated 2025 seizure framework has four main seizure classes: focal, generalized, unknown whether focal or generalized, and unclassified, as outlined by the ILAE classification update.
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