Medical Emergencies - Comprehensive List

Cardiovascular

• Cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, asystole, pulseless electrical activity)
• Acute myocardial infarction (STEMI / NSTEMI)
• Unstable angina
• Acute aortic dissection
• Hypertensive emergency (malignant hypertension)
• Acute heart failure / pulmonary edema
• Cardiac tamponade
• Massive pulmonary embolism
• Aortic aneurysm rupture
• Acute limb ischemia
• Severe arrhythmias (VT, VF, complete heart block, SVT with hemodynamic compromise)

Respiratory

• Respiratory arrest
• Tension pneumothorax
• Status asthmaticus
• Acute severe COPD exacerbation
• Massive hemoptysis
• Foreign body airway obstruction (choking)
• Acute epiglottitis
• Anaphylaxis with bronchospasm
• ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
• Acute upper airway obstruction

Neurological

• Acute ischemic stroke
• Hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral / subarachnoid hemorrhage)
• Status epilepticus
• Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Meningitis / encephalitis
• Raised intracranial pressure / cerebral herniation
• Spinal cord compression (cauda equina syndrome)
• Guillain-Barre syndrome (respiratory failure)
• Myasthenic crisis
• Acute altered mental status / coma

Metabolic / Endocrine

• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
• Severe hypoglycemia
• Addisonian crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency)
• Thyroid storm
• Myxedema coma
• Hypercalcemic crisis
• Severe electrolyte emergencies (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypo/hypermagnesemia)
• Lactic acidosis

Gastrointestinal

• Upper GI hemorrhage (variceal, peptic ulcer)
• Lower GI hemorrhage
• Acute abdomen (peritonitis)
• Bowel perforation
• Acute mesenteric ischemia
• Ruptured esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome)
• Acute liver failure
• Severe acute pancreatitis
• Strangulated/incarcerated hernia
• Toxic megacolon

Renal / Urological

• Acute kidney injury (AKI) with severe electrolyte derangement
• Hyperkalemia with cardiac effects
• Renal vein thrombosis
• Testicular torsion
• Acute urinary retention with renal failure

Obstetric / Gynecological

• Ectopic pregnancy rupture
• Eclampsia / severe preeclampsia
• HELLP syndrome
• Placental abruption
• Placenta previa with hemorrhage
• Uterine rupture
• Postpartum hemorrhage
• Amniotic fluid embolism
• Cord prolapse
• Shoulder dystocia

Hematological / Oncological

• Severe hemorrhage / coagulopathy (DIC)
• Hemolytic transfusion reaction
• Neutropenic sepsis / febrile neutropenia
• Sickle cell crisis (vaso-occlusive, acute chest syndrome, stroke)
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Hyperviscosity syndrome
• Superior vena cava syndrome

Infectious / Sepsis

• Septic shock
• Bacterial meningitis
• Necrotizing fasciitis
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Rabies (post-exposure)
• Malaria (severe / cerebral)
• Tetanus
• Botulism
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, etc.)

Toxicological / Environmental

• Drug overdose (opioids, tricyclics, benzodiazepines, paracetamol, etc.)
• Organophosphate / cholinergic poisoning
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cyanide poisoning
• Anaphylaxis
• Hypothermia (severe)
• Heat stroke
• Near-drowning
• Electrical injury / lightning strike
• Radiation exposure

Trauma

• Polytrauma / major trauma
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• Hemorrhagic shock
• Ruptured spleen / liver laceration
• Traumatic pneumothorax / hemothorax
• Flail chest
• Pelvic fracture with hemorrhage
• Spinal injury with cord damage
• Burns (major, inhalation injury)
• Crush syndrome / rhabdomyolysis

Psychiatric (Behavioral Emergencies)

• Acute psychosis
• Suicidal ideation with imminent risk / self-harm
• Excited delirium
• Severe serotonin syndrome / neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• Acute alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens)
• Wernicke's encephalopathy

Ophthalmic

• Acute angle-closure glaucoma
• Central retinal artery occlusion
• Retinal detachment (macula-off)
• Chemical eye injury (alkali/acid burn)
• Orbital cellulitis

Pediatric-Specific

• Neonatal resuscitation
• Epiglottitis
• Croup with severe airway obstruction
• Febrile seizures with status epilepticus
• Meningococcal septicemia
• Intussusception
• Pyloric stenosis with severe dehydration
• Inborn errors of metabolism in crisis