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hand intrinsic muscles attachments anatomy YouTube short tutorial
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Here is a full breakdown of hand muscle attachments with atlas-quality diagrams from the THIEME Atlas of Anatomy.
Muscle Attachments of the Hand
The intrinsic muscles of the hand are divided into three groups: Thenar, Hypothenar, and Metacarpal muscles (lumbricals + interossei).
Thenar Muscles (Base of Thumb)
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abductor pollicis brevis | Scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via radial sesamoid) | Abduction of thumb | Median (C8, T1) |
| Adductor pollicis | Transverse head: palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal; Oblique head: capitate, base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via ulnar sesamoid) | Opposition (CMC), flexion (MCP) | Ulnar (C8, T1) |
| Flexor pollicis brevis | Superficial head: flexor retinaculum; Deep head: capitate, trapezium | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via radial sesamoid) | Flexion & opposition (CMC), flexion (MCP) | Superficial: Median; Deep: Ulnar (C8, T1) |
| Opponens pollicis | Trapezium | Radial border of 1st metacarpal | Opposition of thumb (CMC) | Median (C8, T1) |
Hypothenar Muscles (Base of Little Finger)
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abductor digiti minimi | Pisiform | Ulnar base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit + dorsal digital expansion | Flexion & abduction (MCP); extension (PIP, DIP) | Ulnar (C8, T1) |
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum | Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | Flexion at MCP of little finger | Ulnar (C8, T1) |
| Opponens digiti minimi | Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum | Ulnar border of 5th metacarpal | Opposition (draws metacarpal palmarly) | Ulnar (C8, T1) |
| Palmaris brevis | Ulnar border of palmar aponeurosis | Skin of hypothenar eminence | Tightens palmar aponeurosis (protective) | Ulnar (C8, T1) |
Metacarpal Muscles: Lumbricals & Interossei
Lumbricals (1st-4th)
- Origin: Radial sides of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons
- Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood) of digits 2-5
- Action: Flexion at MCP joints; extension at PIP and DIP joints
- Nerve: 1st & 2nd (radial two): Median nerve; 3rd & 4th (ulnar two): Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Palmar Interossei (1st-3rd or 4th)
- Origin: Palmar surface of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (PAD = Palmar ADduction)
- Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion of the same digit
- Action: Adduction of fingers toward the middle finger; MCP flexion + PIP/DIP extension
- Nerve: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Dorsal Interossei (1st-4th)
- Origin: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate) (DAB = Dorsal ABduction)
- Insertion: Dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
- Action: Abduction of fingers away from the middle finger; MCP flexion + PIP/DIP extension
- Nerve: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Source: THIEME Atlas of General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System, sections 2.13-2.14
Video Tutorial
Here is a detailed anatomy tutorial covering origin, insertion, and innervation of all hand muscles using 3D models:
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