LEARNING OUTCOME 6 : COMPARE & CONTRAST TYPE OF ARTHRITIS. ARTHRITIS AND TYPES "Arthritis" literally means joint inflammation. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee.There are many different types of arthritis with different causes and treatments. In some types, other organs, such as your eyes, heart, or skin, can also be affected. Common symptoms of arthritis include pain, redness, heat, and swelling in your joints. There are several types of arthritis. Common ones include the following. 1. Septic Arthritis ● Septic arthritis is a joint infection, most commonly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It is a medical emergency. ● Risk factors ○ Diabetes ○ Immunosuppression ○ Prosthetic joints ○ Recent joint surgery ○ Intravenous drug use ● Clinical features ○ Acute onset ○ Severe joint pain ○ Fever ○ Hot, swollen joint ○ Limited movement ○ Usually affects one large joint 2. Gout ● Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals due to hyperuricemia. ● Risk factors ○ Alcohol ○ Obesity ○ Chronic kidney disease ○ Diuretics● Commonly affected joints ○ First metatarsophalangeal joint (big toe) ○ Ankle ○ Knee ● Clinical features ○ Sudden severe pain ○ Red, swollen, warm joint ○ Usually monoarticular 3. Osteoarthritis (OA) ● Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It is a degenerative joint disease caused by the gradual breakdown of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function. ● Causes ○ Aging ○ Obesity ○ Previous joint injury ○ Repetitive joint stress ○ Genetic predisposition ● Commonly affected joints ○ Knees ○ Hips ○ Hands (DIP and PIP joints) ○ Spine ● Clinical features ○ Pain worsens with activity ○ Morning stiffness <30 minutes ○ Crepitus ○ Reduced range of motion ○ Bony enlargement (Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes) 4. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ● Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovial membrane, causing progressive joint destruction and disability. ● Causes ○ Autoimmune disorder ○ Genetic susceptibility (HLA-DR4) ○ Smoking ○ Environmental factors ● Commonly affected joints○ MCP joints ○ PIP joints ○ Wrists ○ Feet ● Clinical features ○ Morning stiffness >1 hour ○ Pain improves with movement ○ Swollen, warm joints ○ Fatigue ○ Rheumatoid nodules ACUTE AND CHRONIC ARTHRITIS Arthritis is divided into acute and chronic based on how quickly symptoms appear and how long they last. 1. Acute Arthritis ● Onset: Sudden, rapid. Symptoms usually escalate over a few hours to two weeks. ● Duration: Short-term; generally lasts less than 6 weeks. ● Common Causes: ○ Infectious (Septic Arthritis): Bacteria enter the joint, causing severe inflammation. ○ Crystalline (Gout): Uric acid crystals suddenly deposit in the joint, triggering intense flares. ○ Trauma: Sprains, fractures, or bleeding into the joint from injury. ● Key Symptoms: Often affects a single joint (monoarticular). You may experience extreme heat, redness, swelling, and systemic signs like a fever. 2. Chronic Arthritis ● Onset: Insidious and slow. Symptoms may be subtle at first and progress over time. ● Duration: Long-term; typically persists for more than 3 to 6 months. ● Common Causes: ○ Infectious (Septic Arthritis): "Wear and tear" breakdown of joint cartilage over time, more common with aging. ○ Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks joint linings. ○ Other Autoimmune Disorders: Psoriatic arthritis, lupus, and ankylosing spondylitis.● Key Symptoms: Usually affects multiple joints (polyarticular) and is often symmetrical (e.g., both wrists or both knees). Prominent features include severe morning stiffness (lasting over 30 minutes) and joints that feel worse after periods of rest. Based on this give me question and answer