Symtomatology in renal and defination
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renal disease AND symptoms
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NIDDK chronic kidney disease symptoms definition
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Definition
Renal means related to the kidneys.
Renal disease refers to any condition that damages the kidneys or impairs their ability to filter blood, remove wastes and excess water, regulate electrolytes and acid-base balance, and help control blood pressure.
Renal disease refers to any condition that damages the kidneys or impairs their ability to filter blood, remove wastes and excess water, regulate electrolytes and acid-base balance, and help control blood pressure.
Renal failure / kidney failure is a severe loss of kidney function, causing waste products, fluid, and electrolytes to accumulate in the body.
Symptomatology of renal disease
Early kidney disease is often asymptomatic. Symptoms vary with the cause, such as infection, stones, acute kidney injury, or chronic kidney disease.
| System | Common symptoms and signs |
|---|---|
| Urinary | Reduced urine output (oliguria), sometimes excessive urination especially at night, frothy urine due to protein, blood in urine, burning micturition, urgency |
| Fluid retention | Swelling of feet, ankles, face, or eyelids; weight gain; breathlessness from fluid in lungs |
| General | Fatigue, weakness, malaise, reduced exercise tolerance |
| Gastrointestinal | Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, hiccups in advanced uremia |
| Neurologic | Headache, poor concentration, drowsiness, sleep disturbance; confusion or seizures in severe uremia |
| Cardiovascular | Hypertension, palpitations; chest pain can occur with uremic pericarditis |
| Skin / blood | Itching, dry skin, pallor from anemia, easy bruising |
| Pain / fever | Flank or loin pain, fever with chills and dysuria may indicate pyelonephritis; severe colicky loin-to-groin pain suggests a ureteric stone |
Important: flank pain and fever are typical of renal infection, while severe kidney disease may present mainly with fatigue, edema, reduced urine, nausea, and high blood pressure. The clinical-surgery text also lists headache, drowsiness, insomnia, thirst, hiccups, vomiting, and convulsions among symptoms of renal failure. S. Das: A Manual on Clinical Surgery, 13th ed., renal complaints section.
Seek urgent medical assessment for very little or no urine, severe breathlessness, confusion, seizures, chest pain, fever with flank pain, or visible blood in urine.
Oliguria and polu uria defn
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oliguria AND polyuria
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oliguria definition polyuria definition adults urine output medical reference
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Oliguria: abnormally low urine output. In adults, usually less than 400 to 500 mL in 24 hours.
- In acute kidney injury, a practical criterion is urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour for at least 6 hours.
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Polyuria: abnormally high urine output, defined in adults as more than 3 liters in 24 hours.
Do not confuse polyuria with urinary frequency:
- Polyuria: large total volume of urine.
- Frequency: passing urine many times, often in small amounts.
Anuria: almost no urine, usually less than 100 mL/24 hours.
According to mcleods
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McLeod's Clinical Examination oliguria polyuria definition
According to the usual clinical-examination definitions used in MacLeod's Clinical Examination:
- Oliguria: passage of less than 500 mL of urine in 24 hours.
- Polyuria: passage of more than 3 litres of urine in 24 hours.
For comparison:
- Anuria: urine output of less than 100 mL in 24 hours.
I could not verify the exact wording/page from MacLeod's in the available textbook library, but these are the standard examination definitions.
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