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vitiligo face neck depigmented patches poliosis

This clinical photograph shows the profile of a 31-year-old female patient with dermatological manifestations often associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome. Visible on the neck and upper clavicular region are several well-circumscribed, depigmented (achromic) patches characteristic of vitiligo. The lesions vary in size, with discrete macules on the neck and more confluent patches near the shoulder. Additionally, the hair at the scalp margin exhibits localized depigmentation, consistent with poliosis (white hair). The clinical significance of these visual findings, when combined with the patient's history of panuveitis and auditory symptoms, supports the diagnosis of an autoimmune multi-system disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues. This image serves as a clinical example of the integumentary signs in systemic autoimmune disease, targeted at medical students and dermatology residents specializing in pigmentary disorders and their extra-cutaneous associations.

This clinical photograph shows the profile of a 31-year-old female patient with dermatological manifestations often associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome. Visible on the neck and upper clavicular region are several well-circumscribed, depigmented (achromic) patches characteristic of vitiligo. The lesions vary in size, with discrete macules on the neck and more confluent patches near the shoulder. Additionally, the hair at the scalp margin exhibits localized depigmentation, consistent with poliosis (white hair). The clinical significance of these visual findings, when combined with the patient's history of panuveitis and auditory symptoms, supports the diagnosis of an autoimmune multi-system disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues. This image serves as a clinical example of the integumentary signs in systemic autoimmune disease, targeted at medical students and dermatology residents specializing in pigmentary disorders and their extra-cutaneous associations.

Clinical photograph of a patient's face and neck, shown in bilateral lateral profiles, illustrating features of drug-induced vitiligo. The image displays multiple sharply demarcated, achromic (depigmented) macules and patches. These lesions are distributed symmetrically across the cheeks, preauricular areas, ears, and lateral neck. A significant finding is leukotrichia, where the depigmentation extends to involve the hair follicles along the temporal hairline and sideburns, resulting in localized white hair. The surrounding skin appears normally pigmented, creating a high-contrast border characteristic of vitiligo. This visual demonstrates common cutaneous side effects associated with targeted cancer therapies like ribociclib and letrozole. The clinical presentation is essential for medical students and dermatologists to distinguish between primary vitiligo and drug-induced leukoderma in oncological patients.

Clinical photograph of a patient's face and neck, shown in bilateral lateral profiles, illustrating features of drug-induced vitiligo. The image displays multiple sharply demarcated, achromic (depigmented) macules and patches. These lesions are distributed symmetrically across the cheeks, preauricular areas, ears, and lateral neck. A significant finding is leukotrichia, where the depigmentation extends to involve the hair follicles along the temporal hairline and sideburns, resulting in localized white hair. The surrounding skin appears normally pigmented, creating a high-contrast border characteristic of vitiligo. This visual demonstrates common cutaneous side effects associated with targeted cancer therapies like ribociclib and letrozole. The clinical presentation is essential for medical students and dermatologists to distinguish between primary vitiligo and drug-induced leukoderma in oncological patients.

This composite clinical photograph displays dermatological and trichological manifestations of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in a pediatric patient. Figure (a) illustrates cutaneous hypopigmentation, consistent with vitiligo, appearing as irregular, milky-white depigmented patches on the neck that contrast with the surrounding normally pigmented skin. Figure (b) shows poliosis (graying of the hair), characterized by a localized patch of depigmented, white/gray hair shafts amidst otherwise dark terminal scalp hair. These findings represent the integumentary phase of VKH syndrome, a multi-system autoimmune disorder targeting melanocytes. Educational focus is on identifying systemic clinical signs—such as vitiligo, poliosis, and alopecia—that occur alongside granulomatous panuveitis in the diagnosis of complete or incomplete VKH syndrome. These visible markers are essential for clinical classification and monitoring treatment response to immunosuppressive therapy.

This composite clinical photograph displays dermatological and trichological manifestations of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in a pediatric patient. Figure (a) illustrates cutaneous hypopigmentation, consistent with vitiligo, appearing as irregular, milky-white depigmented patches on the neck that contrast with the surrounding normally pigmented skin. Figure (b) shows poliosis (graying of the hair), characterized by a localized patch of depigmented, white/gray hair shafts amidst otherwise dark terminal scalp hair. These findings represent the integumentary phase of VKH syndrome, a multi-system autoimmune disorder targeting melanocytes. Educational focus is on identifying systemic clinical signs—such as vitiligo, poliosis, and alopecia—that occur alongside granulomatous panuveitis in the diagnosis of complete or incomplete VKH syndrome. These visible markers are essential for clinical classification and monitoring treatment response to immunosuppressive therapy.

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Diagnosis: Vitiligo (with consideration of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome)

Clinical Findings in the Video

The video demonstrates:
FindingLocation
Well-demarcated, milky-white achromic macules and patchesRight alar base / nasolabial fold
Large confluent depigmented patchRight lateral neck extending to jawline and post-auricular area
Multiple discrete depigmented maculesLeft lateral neck and submandibular region
Poliosis (localized patch of white hair)Anterior scalp/hairline

Primary Diagnosis: Vitiligo

The findings are highly characteristic of vitiligo - an acquired autoimmune disease causing progressive melanocyte destruction via T-cell mediated mechanisms.
Key features supporting this diagnosis:
  • Well-defined, milky-white, achromic macules and patches (not merely hypopigmented)
  • Smooth, convex margins
  • Distribution involving the face, neck, and scalp - among the most commonly affected sites
  • Poliosis (white hair within lesional areas) - a recognized clinical sign of vitiligo
The pattern here is most consistent with generalized vitiligo (common acrofacial/cervicofacial involvement). As Fitzpatrick's Dermatology describes, "Vitiligo is a common autoimmune disease of the skin that causes depigmentation through T-cell-mediated destruction of melanocytes... clinically characterized by well-defined milky-white macules that may also include white hairs, or poliosis."
The image below shows an analogous case (vitiligo with poliosis in VKH):
Vitiligo with poliosis - neck depigmented patches and white scalp hair

Important Red Flag: Consider Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Syndrome

The combination of bilateral facial/neck vitiligo + poliosis at the anterior hairline should prompt screening for VKH syndrome, a rare but serious autoimmune multi-system disorder that targets melanocyte-containing tissues across the body.
VKH diagnostic criteria - ask about:
  • Ocular symptoms: Blurred vision, eye pain, photophobia, or redness (panuveitis / bilateral granulomatous uveitis is the hallmark)
  • Auditory symptoms: Tinnitus, hearing loss (sensorineural), or dysacousia
  • Neurological symptoms: Headache, meningismus, CSF pleocytosis (meningoencephalitis phase)
  • Other skin findings: Alopecia, in addition to vitiligo/poliosis
From Fitzpatrick's Dermatology: "VKHS results in skin depigmentation with prominent poliosis, as well as hearing loss, visual changes, meningitis, and flu-like symptoms. The skin manifestations occur after the systemic ones."
From Goldman-Cecil Medicine: "consists of recurrent meningitis/meningoencephalitis and anterior or posterior uveitis, followed by vitiligo, poliosis, alopecia, and dysacousia; the CSF cellular response is mononuclear, and an autoimmune origin, directed against a melanocyte antigen, has been suggested."

Differential Diagnosis

ConditionFeatures in commonDistinguishing features
Vitiligo (primary)Achromic patches, poliosisNo systemic involvement
VKH syndromeVitiligo + poliosis+ uveitis, hearing loss, meningitis
Alezzandrini syndromeUnilateral facial vitiligo + poliosisIpsilateral retinal degeneration + ipsilateral deafness; extremely rare (<10 cases)
Waardenburg syndromePoliosis, depigmentationCongenital, heterochromia, congenital deafness
Pityriasis albaFacial hypopigmentationIll-defined, not completely achromic; seen in children with atopy
Tinea versicolorNeck/trunk hypopigmentationKOH positive; not truly achromic
Post-inflammatory leukodermaDepigmented patchesHistory of prior skin inflammation

Recommended Workup

Given the extensive vitiligo with poliosis, a systematic screen is warranted:
  1. Ophthalmology referral - slit lamp exam to rule out uveitis (VKH)
  2. Audiometry - screen for sensorineural hearing loss
  3. Thyroid function (TSH, anti-TPO) - 13-19% of vitiligo patients have autoimmune thyroid disease
  4. ANA, anti-dsDNA - to exclude lupus-associated depigmentation
  5. Blood glucose - type 1 diabetes association
  6. Wood's lamp examination - confirms true achromia (brilliant white fluorescence vs. dull in hypopigmentation)
  7. Skin biopsy (if uncertain) - absent melanocytes on DOPA stain

Summary

Most likely diagnosis: Vitiligo - specifically a generalized/acrofacial pattern affecting the face, bilateral neck, and scalp with associated poliosis. The case is textbook vitiligo as described in Andrews' Diseases of the Skin and Fitzpatrick's Dermatology. However, given the prominent poliosis at the hairline and the bilateral cervicofacial distribution, VKH syndrome must be actively excluded with ophthalmologic and audiologic evaluation, as the skin findings in VKH emerge after the systemic manifestations (uveitis, meningitis) which may be present but not yet symptomatic.
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