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National AIDS control program

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National AIDS Control Program India NACP overview 2024

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National AIDS Control Program phases objectives achievements NACP V

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NACP India phases objectives key populations ART free services NACO 2025

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NACP phases I II III IV V objectives achievements India HIV statistics

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Here is a comprehensive overview of India's National AIDS Control Programme (NACP):

National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) — India

What is NACP?

The NACP is India's flagship public health programme to prevent and control HIV/AIDS. It is implemented by the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), established in 1992 under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. The programme is globally recognized as one of the most successful HIV control initiatives in the developing world.
Funding: Government of India (~63%), Global Fund, World Bank, and other bilateral/multilateral agencies.

Pre-NACP Phase (1985–1991)

Before NACP's formal launch, the focus was on:
  • Identifying HIV cases
  • Ensuring safe blood transfusions
  • Generating basic public awareness

Five Phases of NACP

NACP I (1992–1999)

  • Launched India's first comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention and control programme
  • Aim: Slow the spread of HIV; reduce morbidity, mortality, and overall impact of AIDS
  • Established NACO and State AIDS Control Societies (SACS)
  • Initiated sentinel surveillance and blood safety measures

NACP II (1999–2006)

  • Objectives:
    1. Reduce the spread of HIV in India
    2. Strengthen long-term national capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS
  • Introduced targeted interventions (TI) for high-risk groups
  • Initiated Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT) with single-dose Nevirapine
  • Decentralized response to district level

NACP III (2007–2012)

  • Goal: Halt and reverse the HIV epidemic by 2012
  • Strategy:
    • Scale up prevention among high-risk groups (FSW, MSM, IDU, truckers, migrants)
    • Introduced free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) through ART centres
    • Targets: 300,000 adults + 40,000 children on ART
    • 350 Community Care Centres established
    • Strengthened TB–HIV linkages
    • ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centres) expanded

NACP IV (2012–2017)

  • Two principal objectives:
    1. Reduce new HIV infections by 50% from the 2007 baseline
    2. Provide comprehensive care, support, and treatment to all eligible PLHIV
  • Introduced Option B (triple-drug ARV throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding) for PPTCT
  • Upgraded to Option B+ in 2013 (lifelong ART for all HIV+ pregnant women)
  • 'Test and Treat' policy introduced
  • Routine universal viral load monitoring
  • Mission Sampark: Traced and re-engaged PLHIV lost to follow-up

NACP V (2021–2026) (Current Phase)

  • Budget: ₹15,471.94 crore (Central Sector Scheme)
  • Goal: End the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030 (aligned with UN SDG 3.3)
  • Targets aligned with UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets:
    • 95% of PLHIV know their status
    • 95% of those diagnosed are on ART
    • 95% of those on ART achieve viral suppression
  • Expansion of free ART to 1.8+ million PLHIV by 2025 (94% ART retention; 97% viral suppression)

Key Programme Components

ComponentDetails
PreventionTargeted Interventions (TI) for key populations (FSW, MSM, IDU, transgenders, migrants, truckers)
TestingICTCs, PPTCT sites, HIV testing in antenatal clinics
TreatmentFree ART via 700+ ART centres and Link ART Centres (LAC)
Blood SafetyVoluntary blood donation campaigns; mandatory HIV testing of all blood units
PPTCTElimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission (eMTCT) programme
Legal ProtectionHIV/AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017 — prohibits discrimination, ensures confidentiality & informed consent
OmbudsmenAppointed in 34 States/UTs to address PLHIV discrimination complaints

Key Achievements (2024 Data)

IndicatorValue
Adult HIV prevalence (2024)0.20% (vs. global 0.7%)
New infections (2024)64,500 (↓49% from 2010 baseline of 1.25 lakh)
AIDS-related deaths (2024)32,200 (↓81.4% from 1.73 lakh in 2010)
India's share of global new infections~5% of 1.3 million global total
India's reduction vs globalIndia 49% ↓ vs. global 40% ↓ (2010–2024)

Legal & Policy Framework

  • HIV/AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017: Landmark legislation safeguarding rights of PLHIV — prohibits discrimination in employment, education, healthcare; ensures confidentiality; mandates informed consent
  • National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2017–2024: "Paving the Way for an AIDS-Free India" — Three Zeros: zero new infections, zero AIDS-related deaths, zero discrimination
  • National Council on AIDS: Chaired by the Prime Minister

Awareness & IEC Activities

  • Nationwide thematic campaigns to reduce stigma
  • Community outreach via Nukkad Nataks (street plays), hoardings, IEC vans, folk performances
  • World AIDS Day (December 1) — annual national campaigns led by NACO
  • Workplace, healthcare, and educational institution campaigns

Summary

India's NACP is a model programme that has reduced new HIV infections faster than the global average, achieved near-elimination of mother-to-child transmission, and provided free ART to nearly 2 million PLHIV. NACP V (2021–2026) is the current phase, aiming to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 through the 95-95-95 strategy — more details from NACO and the World AIDS Day PIB brief.
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