Pica
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pica
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pica eating disorder definition causes NIH
Pica is the persistent eating of non-food, non-nutritive substances, such as dirt, clay, paper, hair, paint, or ice, for at least 1 month when it is not developmentally appropriate or culturally customary. It can occur in children, during pregnancy, or alongside autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability.
It can be associated with iron deficiency or sometimes zinc deficiency, so evaluation commonly includes a dietary history and blood tests such as a complete blood count and ferritin. Risks depend on what is consumed: lead poisoning from paint, intestinal blockage, infections, dental injury, or poor nutrition. The MedlinePlus overview summarizes common materials eaten and complications.
Treatment focuses on:
- Identifying and treating iron deficiency or other nutritional problems
- Preventing access to hazardous substances
- Behavioral treatment and addressing developmental or mental-health contributors
Seek urgent care for severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass stool/gas, suspected ingestion of paint/metal/chemicals, or signs of lead exposure.
If you meant PICA as the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, say so and I’ll explain that instead.
Neonatal care
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Neonatal care is a broad area. It commonly covers:
- Immediate newborn assessment and resuscitation
- Routine care of the healthy newborn
- Breastfeeding, nutrition, and fluid management
- Prematurity and low birth weight
- Temperature control and kangaroo mother care
- Neonatal jaundice
- Neonatal sepsis and infection prevention
- Respiratory distress and oxygen/CPAP care
- Hypoglycemia and other metabolic problems
- Congenital anomalies, screening, immunization, and discharge follow-up
At a high level, neonatal care aims to support breathing, warmth, feeding, glucose stability, infection prevention, and early detection of illness. Any newborn with poor feeding, lethargy, fever or low temperature, fast or difficult breathing, bluish color, seizures, or jaundice in the first 24 hours needs urgent clinical assessment.
Asking for Preferences
Which neonatal-care topic should I explain in detail?
Pica is the persistent eating of non-food, non-nutritive substances, such as dirt, clay, paper, hair, paint, or ice, for at least 1 month when it is not developmentally appropriate or culturally customary. It can occur in children, during pregnancy, or alongside autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability.
It can be associated with iron deficiency or sometimes zinc deficiency, so evaluation commonly includes a dietary history and blood tests such as a complete blood count and ferritin. Risks depend on what is consumed: lead poisoning from paint, intestinal blockage, infections, dental injury, or poor nutrition. The MedlinePlus overview summarizes common materials eaten and complications.
Treatment focuses on:
- Identifying and treating iron deficiency or other nutritional problems
- Preventing access to hazardous substances
- Behavioral treatment and addressing developmental or mental-health contributors
Seek urgent care for severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass stool/gas, suspected ingestion of paint/metal/chemicals, or signs of lead exposure.
If you meant PICA as the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, say so and I’ll explain that instead.Neonatal care is a broad area. It commonly covers:
- Immediate newborn assessment and resuscitation
- Routine care of the healthy newborn
- Breastfeeding, nutrition, and fluid management
- Prematurity and low birth weight
- Temperature control and kangaroo mother care
- Neonatal jaundice
- Neonatal sepsis and infection prevention
- Respiratory distress and oxygen/CPAP care
- Hypoglycemia and other metabolic problems
- Congenital anomalies, screening, immunization, and discharge follow-up
At a high level, neonatal care aims to support breathing, warmth, feeding, glucose stability, infection prevention, and early detection of illness. Any newborn with poor feeding, lethargy, fever or low temperature, fast or difficult breathing, bluish color, seizures, or jaundice in the first 24 hours needs urgent clinical assessment.
Immunisation schedule
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Which country’s childhood immunisation schedule do you need? Schedules differ by country.
For example: India National Immunization Schedule, CDC United States schedule, or another country.
India
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site:mohfw.gov.in National Immunization Schedule India UIP children pregnant women 2025 PDF
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India Universal Immunization Programme National Immunization Schedule birth 6 10 14 weeks 9 12 months official
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India childhood immunization schedule
India National Immunization Schedule
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
| Age | Vaccines / supplements |
|---|---|
| At birth | BCG, bOPV-0 (birth oral polio dose), Hepatitis B birth dose |
| 6 weeks | bOPV-1, Pentavalent-1, fIPV-1, Rotavirus vaccine-1, PCV-1 |
| 10 weeks | bOPV-2, Pentavalent-2, Rotavirus vaccine-2 |
| 14 weeks | bOPV-3, Pentavalent-3, fIPV-2, Rotavirus vaccine-3, PCV-2 |
| 9-11 months | MR-1 (Measles-Rubella), PCV booster, fIPV-3, Vitamin A first dose; JE-1 only in Japanese encephalitis-endemic districts |
| 16-23 months | MR-2, DPT booster-1, bOPV booster, JE-2 in endemic districts; Vitamin A doses 2-9 every 6 months until 5 years of age |
| 5-6 years | DPT booster-2 |
| 10 years | Td |
| 16 years | Td |
During pregnancy
| Timing | Vaccine |
|---|---|
| At pregnancy registration or first antenatal visit | Td-1 |
| At least 4 weeks after Td-1 | Td-2 |
| If 2 Td/TT doses were received in the past 3 years | One Td booster instead |
Key points
- Pentavalent vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.
- JE vaccine is given only in designated endemic districts.
- The hepatitis B birth dose should be given as early as possible, ideally within 24 hours of birth.
- Vitamin A is a supplementation programme, not a vaccine.
- This is the government UIP schedule. Private pediatric schedules may additionally recommend vaccines such as influenza, hepatitis A, typhoid conjugate vaccine, varicella, HPV, meningococcal, and others depending on the child and family.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare describes UIP as a free programme for children and pregnant women through government health facilities, and the current published NIS schedule lists the age-wise doses above. The MoHFW UIP programme page confirms eligibility and access through public health facilities.
Malaria
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malaria treatment
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WHO malaria fact sheet symptoms diagnosis prevention treatment 2025
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