Answer the following questions as mentioned in the picture above as a

Answer the following questions as mentioned in the picture above as a 10 mark answer according to DNB ent standard

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All 10 questions have been answered at DNB ENT 10-mark standard. Here's a quick index for reference:

Quick Index:

#	Topic	Key Points Covered
Q1	Radiotherapy	Mechanism (direct/indirect/4Rs), fractionation methods (IMRT, brachytherapy, proton, SBRT), acute & late toxicity
Q2	Gene Therapy	Gene mapping definition & strategies, viral vectors (AAV, adenovirus, lentivirus), gene therapy approaches (CRISPR, siRNA, oncolytic, suicide)
Q3	Gamma Knife	192 Co-60 sources, Leksell frame, steep dose gradient, treatment steps, limitations (size, intracranial-only, delayed response)
Q4	Midline Neck Swelling	17 differentials, thyroglossal cyst clinical features (tongue protrusion sign), ectopic vs aberrant thyroid table
Q5	Neck Secondaries	Putative biopsy sites (nasopharynx, BOT, tonsil), all 10 neck levels with boundaries, 4 types of ND (RND, MRND, SND, extended)
Q6	Chemotherapy	7 drug classes with mechanisms, 5 strategies (induction TPF, concurrent cisplatin, adjuvant PORT, EXTREME regimen, organ preservation)
Q7	PET-CT	Annihilation physics, FDG trapping, SUVmax formula, 9 oncological indications
Q8	Lignocaine	Na⁺ channel blockade, maximum doses (3–4 mg/kg plain; 7 mg/kg with adrenaline), ADRs (CNS→CVS), Plester's 4-point EAC block
Q9	Dysplasia	14 cytological features, WHO 2005/2017 grading, CIS management (microsurgery, RT, PDT)
Q10	FOM Reconstruction	5 categories of reconstruction (primary → free flap with fibula/RFFF/ALT), nasolabial flap blood supply (facial/angular artery), 10 uses

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