Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia acute hypercalcemic hypocalcemia hypoglycemia hyperglycemia most important disease treatment investigation finding differential diagnosis contraindication ICU management OPD prescription and ECG main kaise dekhenge
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Yeh complete hai! Upar diya gaya reference cover karta hai:
Jo cover kiya gaya:
| Topic | ✅ Covered |
|---|---|
| Hyperkalemia | ECG (T peaked → Sine wave), 3-step treatment, ICU, OPD Rx |
| Hypokalemia | U wave ECG, K replacement protocol, Contraindications |
| Acute Hypercalcemia | Short QT ECG, Zoledronic acid, Fluids, Causes |
| Hypocalcemia | Long QT/TdP, Chvostek/Trousseau, Ca Gluconate protocol |
| Hypoglycemia | Whipple's triad, 15-15 rule, D50W protocol, Octreotide |
| Hyperglycemia/DKA/HHS | Full ICU protocol, Insulin/Fluid/K⁺ management, Bicarbonate rules |
Key Points jo exam + bedside dono ke liye important hain:
- ECG changes har condition ka sequentially yaad karo
- Contraindications table important hai (Digoxin + Ca, K bolus, Bisphosphonate in renal failure)
- DKA mein insulin se pehle K⁺ check karo — yeh most tested + dangerous step hai
- HHS mein mortality DKA se zyada hoti hai (15–20%)
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