Educational diagram illustrating the Judet-Letournel classification of acetabular fractures using anatomical specimens of the hemipelvis. The visual is divided into two rows: 'Elementary' and 'Associated' fracture types. White lines superimposed on the specimens delineate specific fracture patterns. The 'Elementary' row features five simple patterns: Anterior column (vertical line through the pelvic brim), Anterior wall (localized articular segment), Posterior column (ischiadic notch through obturator foramen), Posterior wall (localized posterior rim), and Transverse (horizontal line bisecting the acetabulum). The 'Associated' row demonstrates complex configurations: Both column, Transverse plus posterior wall, Posterior column plus posterior wall, Anterior column with posterior hemitransverse (a vertical anterior column line joined by a horizontal posterior component), and T-type (a transverse fracture with an additional vertical stem extending through the obturator foramen). This orthopedic diagram serves as a clinical reference for orthopedic surgeons and medical students to understand pelvic trauma morphology and surgical planning.

**Imaging Modality:** Medical illustration/Anatomical diagram. **Anatomical Region:** Coronal cross-section of the anorectal region, including the anal canal, rectum, internal and external anal sphincters, and surrounding perianal soft tissues. **Observed Pathology:** The illustration classifies various types of anorectal fistulas and abscesses based on their anatomical trajectory and location. **Characteristic Visual Features:** * **Fistula Tracts:** Three distinct epithelial-lined tracks are labeled. A **superficial fistula** is shown confined to the perianal skin and distal anal canal. A **transsphincteric fistula** is depicted crossing both the internal and external sphincter muscles into the ischioanal fossa. A **suprasphincteric fistula** is illustrated looping above the puborectalis muscle before descending to the skin surface. * **Abscess Formations:** Two localized collections of fluid/pus are identified. An **intersphincteric abscess** is positioned within the space between the internal and external sphincter muscles. A **perineal (perianal) abscess** is shown as a larger pocket located in the subcutaneous tissue adjacent to the anal verge. **Key Diagnostic Features:** The diagram emphasizes the relationship between inflammatory tracts and the sphincter complex, following the Parks classification system for fistula-in-ano. Suitable for clinical education on perianal sepsis and surgical planning.

This orthopaedic anatomical diagram illustrates the Chiron classification (2004) for femoral head fractures, shown across five categorized types (Type I to Type V). Each type is presented using a dry bone model of the proximal femur from two perspectives: a lateral/oblique view and a frontal view of the femoral head. Fracture lines are demarcated by solid black lines to indicate the morphology and size of the fracture fragments. Type I displays small osteochondral fragments at the superior-lateral aspect. Type II shows a 1/4 head fragment on the anterior-superior surface. Type III demonstrates a 1/3 head fragment extending from superior to posterior. Type IV depicts a vertical fracture dividing approximately 1/2 of the femoral head. Type V illustrates cranial cartilage impaction with multiple intersecting lines across the superior articular surface. The classification is clinically relevant for orthopedic surgeons and residents for determining the severity of femoral head trauma and informing surgical decisions, such as fragment fixation versus excision based on size and location.

This educational infographic details the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed Tomography (EMUC-CT), a standardized system for evaluating hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE). The diagram is divided into two sections: Primary Morphology and Patterns of Calcification. The left section illustrates five morphological types (I-V) using axial CT cross-sections of the liver. Type I (diffuse infiltrating) and Type II (primarily circumscribed, tumor-like) are sub-categorized by the presence or absence of a cystoid portion. Type III (primarily cystoid) distinguishes between intermediate and widespread involvement, further categorized by solid peripheral portions. Type IV displays small-cystoid, metastasis-like lesions, while Type V represents mainly calcified, inactive lesions. The right panel illustrates six distinct calcification patterns within hepatic lesions: feathery (branching), focal (isolated spots), diffuse (widespread), edge-weighted (peripheral), and central. The classification system is designed to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical assessment of disease activity in patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis.

This composite educational image illustrates a case of an intersphincteric anorectal abscess through multi-modal diagnostic views. The panel includes original MRI scans and corresponding color-coded 3D reconstructions across axial (a, b), sagittal (c, d), and coronal (e, f) planes. The MRI images demonstrate the complex anatomy of the perianal region with the abscess appearing as a localized, high-signal intensity lesion on T2-weighted imaging. In the 3D models, the red structure represents the abscess, highlighting its spatial relationship to the anal canal, internal and external sphincters (represented by concentric green and yellow layers), and the levator ani muscle. Panel (g) provides a clinical photograph of the preoperative perianal region, and panel (h) displays a detailed 3D modeling view. This visual aid is designed to teach colorectal surgeons and radiologists the volumetric assessment and anatomical mapping of perianal fistulas and abscesses, emphasizing the value of 3D reconstruction in clarifying tissue demarcations that may be obscured in standard 2D grayscale radiology.

This medical image displays two false-colored pelvic CT scans used for anorectal evaluation. Image (a) on the left is an axial cross-section of the upper thighs and perineum, presented in a pinkish hue. It shows the gluteal and adductor musculature, with a specific focus on the perianal region where a suspected anal fistula or abscess is highlighted with a green digital overlay. Image (b) on the right is a sagittal reconstruction in a blue hue, visualizing the lumbosacral spine, the rectum, and a contrast-filled urinary bladder appearing as a bright white hyperdense structure. The images are used to compare standard diagnostic quality in a control group versus an optimized experimental group, specifically for mapping fistula tracks, identifying internal openings, and assessing involvement of the perianal sphincters. These scans assist in surgical planning for anorectal conditions by delineating the relationship between pathology and surrounding pelvic anatomy.

A multi-panel medical graphic illustrating an ischiorectal abscess through imaging, 3D reconstruction, and clinical photography. The panel includes original MRI scans in axial (a), sagittal (c), and coronal (e) planes showing a complex fluid collection in the ischiorectal fossa. Adjacent to these are color-coded 3D models (b, d, f, h) that map the abscess (highlighted in red) relative to pelvic anatomy: the levator ani and pelvic floor muscles (blue and brown), the anal canal/sphincters (green and yellow), and pelvic bones (white/gray). The 3D model allows for the assessment of the abscess's spatial extent, demonstrating its position inferior to the levator ani and lateral to the anal canal, which is diagnostic of an ischiorectal location. Panel (g) provides clinical context with a preoperative photograph of the perianal region. This resource is designed for advanced surgical planning and educational visualization of anorectal infections and their complex anatomical relationships within the pelvic floor.

This clinical photograph captures an intra-operative view of a surgical site in the cervical region, positioned near the earlobe (marked as '1'). The image demonstrates the drainage of a 'cold abscess' secondary to lymph node tuberculosis. Two metallic hand-held retractors are used to provide surgical exposure, revealing a deep tissue cavity. Within this cavity, there is a prominent collection of yellowish, viscous, purulent material (pus, marked as '2'), which is characteristic of the caseous necrosis and liquefaction seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis. The surrounding soft tissues show an erythematous, inflammatory appearance with localized bleeding. The surgical field is prepared with antiseptic solution, and sterile drapes are visible. This visual serves as an educational example of the surgical management of cervical lymph node tuberculosis, specifically the intra-operative presentation of abscess formation and the mechanical drainage required for therapeutic management in advanced presentations of the disease.

This clinical photograph displays an intraoperative view of an adenectomy, specifically a centered arcuate incision on the neck to address cervical lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB). The surgical field shows a small, transverse skin incision held open by surgical retractors and forceps. Centered within the incision is a prominent, whitish, ovoid structure consistent with an enlarged, encapsulated lymph node (adenopathy). The node exhibits a smooth, slightly translucent surface with minor superficial vascularization. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue appears erythematous and inflamed, with a small amount of surgical bleeding visible. The procedure illustrates the surgical management of a single large adenopathy or 'cold abscess' related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This image serves as an educational resource for ENT surgeons and medical students to identify the macroscopic appearance of tuberculous lymphadenitis and the technical approach for diagnostic or therapeutic excision.

This diagnostic visual consists of two axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images demonstrating multi-organ involvement in a case of disseminated tuberculosis. Figure 4a (left) shows an axial section of the upper abdomen. Key findings include multiple hypodense lesions in the liver (indicated by the red arrow) and several small, low-attenuation lesions within the spleen (blue arrow), consistent with hepatosplenic microabscesses. Additionally, an orange arrow points to a paravertebral abscess with peripheral enhancement adjacent to the vertebral body, suggestive of spinal involvement. Figure 4b (right) displays an axial section of the chest in a soft tissue window. A yellow arrow highlights a necrotic right hilar lymph node, characterized by a central area of low density (necrosis) with a surrounding rim of enhancement. The lymph node is located anterior to the right main bronchus and adjacent to the pulmonary artery. The composite image serves as a clinical teaching tool for identifying extra-pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis, specifically the radiographic characteristics of visceral lesions, nodal necrosis, and cold abscesses in the setting of disseminated disease.