Create image Create a super aesthetic, handwritten-style revision note page for the topic: Pulmonary regurgitation • Make it look like neet pg exam notes written on a page (top view, clean layout, colorful headings, underlines, boxes). • Keep it crisp, high-yield, and exam-oriented. • Use clear headings and organize content like this (modify if needed for topic): ○ Definition ○ Etiology ○ Pathogenesis (flow/arrow style) ○ Clinical features ○ Radiographic features (if applicable) ○ Histopathology (if applicable) ○ Key features ○ Differential diagnosis ○ Management ○ Complications ○ Key points / last-minute revision box • Add simple important diagrams or labeled sketches wherever helpful. • Highlight important keywords. • Keep handwriting-style fonts, pastel colors, and clean spacing • Notes should be oriented from Harrison's (International Medicine textbook) • Add 3 tricky questions with answers which I should know about • Add 3 difficult questions for the exercise
- Definition - Diastolic backflow from PA into RV due to incompetent pulmonic valve
- Etiology - Primary (congenital, endocarditis, carcinoid, Marfan, post-valvuloplasty) vs Secondary/Functional (pulmonary HTN - most common cause)
- Pathogenesis - Flow-arrow chain: valve incompetence → RV volume overload → RV dilation → RV dysfunction → RHF
- Graham Steell Murmur - High-pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur at LUSB, increases with inspiration, seen in functional PR from pulmonary HTN
- Management - Treat underlying cause; Pulmonary Valve Replacement (surgical or TPVR - Melody/SAPIEN) for severe symptomatic PR
- Graham Steell murmur and how to tell it from AR
- Which valve regurgitation is best tolerated? (Pulmonary)
- Why does carcinoid affect only right-sided valves? (Serotonin inactivated by lungs)
- Post-TOF repair patient with RV dilation - diagnosis + next investigation?
- CMR threshold for PVR in asymptomatic PR (RVEDVI >160 mL/m²)
- Clinical differentiation of Graham Steell murmur vs AR murmur