So, is it... So, today we had CNS class. Today, it was our first day at medicine posting of final year, and this is our last medicine posting. So, we had a CNS class taken by a consultant sir, and, uh, the case which was presented was such that, um, the patient, uh, initially was apparently all right. It-- She just had fever one week prior to admission, like fever. Uh, she had visited some other place and had gotten fever and was admitted for the same. And along with fever, she had back pain with that. The fever got subsided within a week, and then after that week, uh, like a day-- On the day of admission, the patient, um... had, like on 13th o- of August, the patient had severe pain shooting from the, uh, neck region to the lumbar region. So from cervical area to lumbar area, shooting down straight, not radiating to any side. It was shooting pain from the l- uh, cervical region to the lumbar region, straight down the spine, okay? And it was so severe that the patient was, uh... Unable to bear it. And soon after this, this pain started, the shooting pain started, her husband tried giving her the neck massage. And during the neck massage, the patient felt that she is unable to move her, uh, left upper limb and lower limb at all. Like, there was no power in the left upper limb and lower limb, while she could still- Mm-hmm ...slightly move her right upper limb and, uh, she could slightly feel weakness in the right upper limb and lower limb, but the left upper limb, lower limb power was totally zero, the way patient described us to it, because she couldn't move it at all. She could at least move the right upper limb and lower limb, but not the left upper limb and lower limb. With- Now, after... Then she was taken to the hospital on the 13th of August. Today is 17th of August. So, after admission, what happened was the weakness of the left upper limb and lower limb has been the same. It has not improved, but, uh, she cannot move it at all, be it the foot, be it distal, proximal, left upper limb, lower limb, both she is unable to move. The right upper limb and lower limb... Actually, over the period of from 13th of August to 17th of August, there was initial weakness in the right upper limb and lower limb, but to-- on today's examination, that is 17th of August, there-- she can't move it against resistance, so there is grade four power. And- Both upper limb and lower limb. And, uh, no part- Power in the left upper limb and lower limb. Okay. Uh, along with this- Uh- There is no sensation over the left upper limb and lower limb. Uh, facial sensations are intact. There is no touch sensation, no pain sensation on the left upper limb and lower limb. Um... The sensations on the right upper limb and lower limb, she could feel it better than the left, because left was totally numb. And- Mm-hmm ...um, uh, the-- on the trunk, there is no sensory loss, there is no motor loss. Uh, she could roll over the, like, lo- roll over on the bed. There is no trunk muscles involved. There is no sensory loss, no motor loss in it. Uh, she still-- she has-- also patient complain of headache, like band-like headache, which she is complaining. And, um, patient-- Yeah. So this is what the history given to us by the patient. It was very confusing seeing that, uh, after examination, we saw that there is literally f- flaccidity, like hypotonia in the left upper limb and lower limb, which tells us about the lower motor neuron lesion. But again, on the other side... There is, uh... There are reflexes, uh, on the others, on the, uh, right, uh, lower limb, there is Babinski sign positive. Which tells us about the upper motor neuron lesion. So, this-
"transverse myelitis" diagnosis
So, in the CSF analysis, there is increase in the cell count, and also there is clubbing in the hands.
| Finding | Favors bacterial/embolic (IE) | Favors TB |
|---|---|---|
| Cell type | Neutrophilic early, or mixed | Lymphocytic predominant |
| Protein | Variable, often mild rise | Markedly elevated (1-5 g/L) |
| Glucose | Usually normal unless frank bacterial meningitis | Low (CSF:serum ratio <0.5) |
| Gram stain/culture | May be positive | Usually negative (AFB smear sensitivity only ~10-20%) |
Also, the patient is a 39-year-old female. Keep that in mind.