B. Physical Performance skills and client factors Reflexes (superficial and deep tendon reflexes), Muscle tone Range of Motion Muscles strength Voluntary control Co-ordination Sensation (cutaneous and cortical) Cognitive - Perceptual functions Hand functions Functional Ability Hand functions Cognition and Perception Cranial Nerves Cerebellar functions Recommended book(s) for Reference: 1. Pedretti’s Practice skills for physical dysfunction edited by Heidi McHugh Pendleton ,Winifred Schultz Krohn 2. Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction by Mary Vining Radomski, Catherine A Trombly 3. Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction, Principles, Skills and Practice by Ann Turner, Margaret Foster, Sybil E Johnson 4. Introduction to Occupational Therapy by Hussey Subonis ,Chafea O Brien 5. Occupational Therapy and Mental Health edited by Jennifer Creek, Lesley Lougher 6. Mental Health Concepts and Techniques for the Occupational Therapy Assistant by Mary Beth Early 7. Frames of Reference in Psychosocial Occupational Therapy by Mary Ann Bruce, Barbara Borg 8. Willard & Spackman’s Occupational Therapy 9. Occupational Therapy for children by Jane Case Smith 10. Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy by Paula Kramer , Jim Hinojosa
- Reflexes - Deep tendon (biceps, triceps, patellar, Achilles) with grading 0-4+; superficial reflexes (Babinski, abdominal); primitive/developmental reflexes in pediatric OT
- Muscle Tone - Definition, assessment method, types (spasticity vs. rigidity vs. flaccidity), Modified Ashworth Scale
- Range of Motion - AROM vs. PROM, goniometry, standard values for upper extremity, functional ROM relevance
- Muscle Strength - MMT 0-5 grading, dynamometry, UMN vs. LMN patterns
- Voluntary Control - Selective motor control, synergy patterns, Brunnstrom Stages (1-6), motor control theories
- Coordination - Finger-to-nose, rapid alternating movements, heel-knee-shin, Romberg; dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor
- Sensation (Cutaneous) - Light touch, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception with spinal pathway for each
- Sensation (Cortical) - Stereognosis, graphesthesia, two-point discrimination, touch localization, bilateral simultaneous stimulation
- Cognitive-Perceptual Functions - Attention, memory, executive function, neglect, apraxia, agnosia, spatial relations; LOTCA, MVPT, ACLS
- Hand Functions - Grip/pinch strength, prehension types, dexterity tests (Nine Hole Peg, Box & Block, Jebsen-Taylor), in-hand manipulation
- Cranial Nerves (I-XII) - Full table with function, test method, and OT relevance (dysphagia, facial palsy, vision)
- Cerebellar Functions - All bedside tests, DANISH mnemonic for signs, OT management approaches
B. Physical Performance skills and client factors Reflexes (superficial and deep tendon reflexes), Muscle tone Range of Motion Muscles strength Voluntary control Co-ordination Sensation (cutaneous and cortical) Cognitive - Perceptual functions Hand functions Functional Ability Hand functions Cognition and Perception Cranial Nerves Cerebellar functions Recommended book(s) for Reference: 1. Pedretti’s Practice skills for physical dysfunction edited by Heidi McHugh Pendleton ,Winifred Schultz Krohn 2. Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction by Mary Vining Radomski, Catherine A Trombly 3. Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction, Principles, Skills and Practice by Ann Turner, Margaret Foster, Sybil E Johnson 4. Introduction to Occupational Therapy by Hussey Subonis ,Chafea O Brien 5. Occupational Therapy and Mental Health edited by Jennifer Creek, Lesley Lougher 6. Mental Health Concepts and Techniques for the Occupational Therapy Assistant by Mary Beth Early 7. Frames of Reference in Psychosocial Occupational Therapy by Mary Ann Bruce, Barbara Borg 8. Willard & Spackman’s Occupational Therapy 9. Occupational Therapy for children by Jane Case Smith 10. Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy by Paula Kramer , Jim Hinojosa