All the gram positive and gram negative organisum from apurba shastry book
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This is a large syllabus-style request. I cannot verify Apurba Sastry in the available textbook library, so I should not claim an exact book-by-book reproduction. I can make a high-yield classification list aligned with standard medical microbiology.
- Gram-positive cocci
- Gram-positive bacilli, including spore-formers and anaerobes
- Gram-negative cocci and coccobacilli
- Enterobacterales and other gram-negative bacilli
- Non-fermenters, curved bacilli, and anaerobes
- Important exceptions: organisms with variable staining, poor staining, or no cell wall
Would you like it organized as an exam-ready table or as detailed notes with key differentiating tests?
Asking for Preferences
Which format should I prepare first?
This is a large syllabus-style request. I cannot verify Apurba Sastry in the available textbook library, so I should not claim an exact book-by-book reproduction. I can make a high-yield classification list aligned with standard medical microbiology.
- Gram-positive cocci
- Gram-positive bacilli, including spore-formers and anaerobes
- Gram-negative cocci and coccobacilli
- Enterobacterales and other gram-negative bacilli
- Non-fermenters, curved bacilli, and anaerobes
- Important exceptions: organisms with variable staining, poor staining, or no cell wall
Would you like it organized as an exam-ready table or as detailed notes with key differentiating tests?
All the gram positive and gram negative organisum
Reading File
Finding Sources
Searching PubMed
Gram-positive bacteria AND Gram-negative bacteria
Searching the Web
Gram positive gram negative bacteria classification medical microbiology
Gram-positive bacteria
1. Gram-positive cocci
Catalase-positive
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS):
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Staphylococcus haemolyticus
- Staphylococcus lugdunensis
- Staphylococcus capitis
- Staphylococcus hominis
- Micrococcus species
- Kocuria species
Catalase-negative
- Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus)
- Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Viridans streptococci:
- S. mutans
- S. mitis
- S. sanguinis
- S. salivarius
- S. anginosus group
- Enterococci:
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus faecium
- Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly S. bovis)
- Leuconostoc species
- Pediococcus species
- Aerococcus species
- Gemella species
- Lactococcus species
2. Gram-positive bacilli
Spore-forming aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacilli
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bacillus subtilis
- Bacillus thuringiensis
Spore-forming anaerobic bacilli
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile)
- Clostridium septicum
- Clostridium novyi
- Clostridium sordellii
- Clostridium haemolyticum
Non-sporing aerobic/facultative bacilli
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Non-diphtherial corynebacteria:
- C. jeikeium
- C. urealyticum
- C. minutissimum
- C. pseudodiphtheriticum
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Lactobacillus species
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Gardnerella vaginalis - gram-variable coccobacillus
- Rothia species
Branching filamentous gram-positive bacilli
- Actinomyces israelii
- Actinomyces odontolyticus
- Actinomyces viscosus
- Nocardia asteroides complex
- Nocardia farcinica
- Nocardia brasiliensis
- Streptomyces somaliensis
- Actinomadura madurae
Acid-fast organisms, structurally gram-positive
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium leprae
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as:
- M. avium complex
- M. kansasii
- M. marinum
- M. ulcerans
- M. fortuitum
- M. chelonae
- M. abscessus
Gram-negative bacteria
1. Gram-negative cocci
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Neisseria lactamica
- Neisseria sicca
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Veillonella species - anaerobic gram-negative cocci
2. Gram-negative coccobacilli
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus aegyptius
- Bordetella pertussis
- Bordetella parapertussis
- Brucella species:
- B. melitensis
- B. abortus
- B. suis
- B. canis
- Francisella tularensis
- Pasteurella multocida
- Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
- Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
- Kingella kingae
- Cardiobacterium hominis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Capnocytophaga species
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Acinetobacter lwoffii
- Gardnerella vaginalis - often gram-variable
- Bartonella henselae
- Bartonella quintana
- Rickettsia species
- Coxiella burnetii
3. Enterobacterales: gram-negative enteric bacilli
Lactose fermenters
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Enterobacter aerogenes / Klebsiella aerogenes
- Citrobacter freundii
- Citrobacter koseri
- Serratia marcescens
Late lactose fermenters
- Shigella sonnei
Non-lactose fermenters
- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
- Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C
- Other non-typhoidal Salmonella
- Shigella dysenteriae
- Shigella flexneri
- Shigella boydii
- Proteus mirabilis
- Proteus vulgaris
- Morganella morganii
- Providencia species
- Yersinia pestis
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Edwardsiella tarda
4. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Burkholderia cepacia complex
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Burkholderia mallei
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Achromobacter xylosoxidans
- Alcaligenes faecalis
- Chryseobacterium species
- Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
5. Curved or comma-shaped gram-negative bacilli
- Vibrio cholerae
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Aeromonas hydrophila
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Campylobacter coli
- Campylobacter fetus
- Helicobacter pylori
6. Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli
- Bacteroides fragilis group
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
- Prevotella species
- Porphyromonas species
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Bilophila wadsworthia
7. Anaerobic gram-negative cocci
- Veillonella parvula
- Other Veillonella species
8. Thin, spiral, or poorly staining gram-negative organisms
Spirochetes
- Treponema pallidum
- Borrelia recurrentis
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Leptospira interrogans
Other poorly staining organisms
- Legionella pneumophila
- Legionella species
- Campylobacter species
- Helicobacter pylori
Important organisms that do not fit routine Gram-stain classification
| Organism | Reason |
|---|---|
| Mycobacterium species | Acid-fast bacilli due to mycolic acid-rich cell wall |
| Nocardia species | Weakly acid-fast branching filamentous bacilli |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum | No cell wall, so do not Gram stain |
| Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae | Obligate intracellular bacteria, poorly seen on Gram stain |
| Rickettsia species | Obligate intracellular, poorly stained |
| Coxiella burnetii | Obligate intracellular, poorly stained |
| Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira | Spirochetes, not reliably demonstrated by routine Gram stain |
This is a practical, exam-oriented classification rather than a literal reproduction of any edition of Apurba Sastry. Taxonomic names may differ in older editions, for example Clostridioides difficile may appear as Clostridium difficile, and Streptococcus bovis as S. gallolyticus.
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